Examination of Persian complications among teachers in certain tissues

This analysis is aims to achieve verbal differences between men and women and the effect of non-linguistic intimacy in the interaction between the two sexes in the use of language compliments. Sample population in this study was 80 people (40 men and 40 women) who were randomly selected among teachers who were taught in elementary schools in the city of Qain 1 . This analysis was carried out as a library and field study based on sample population selection. The research tool was a researcher-made questionnaire. In this study, t-test was used to compare the means of the two groups and data analysis was done using Spss / pc software. The compliments include verbs and pronouns that Persian speakers replace them with verbs and neutralized pronouns in order to bring themselves down and raise up their audience to be polite. Also, the case in which the speaker uses verbs with a plural identifier to refer to a singular audience is considered to be compliant. In the vocabulary replacement of verbs and its relation to the gender variable, this means that in all chosen verbs, the vocabulary replacement is correlated with the gender variable. This also applies to the pronouns. The above result is the same about the pronouns and its relation with gender on the intimacy variable. In the case of vocabulary replacement of verbs and its relation to intimacy variables, it can be said that the replacement of verbs is correlated with the intimacy variables.


Introduction:
People living in a community must be familiar with the culture and context of the community in order to establish a relationship. To use a language, it is not enough to know the language vocabulary and the syntax of that language, but it should receive the correct use of the language and consider the different situations well. Basically, people of a linguistic community do not face the difficulty of correctly achieving the various roles of the language because they are aware of the culture and context of the community they live in. Then, achieving a communication role in language is easier than achieving its emotional role because achieving the emotional aspect of language requires learning the culture of society or group that apply them.
In this research, compliments are considered as linguistic variables including verbs and pronouns that Persian speakers replace them with verbs and neutralized pronouns in order to lower themselves and raise their audience to achieve a certain social goal. In Persian, we have different verbs with the same semantic field but different application like goftan(to say) as neutral, arz kardan (to say) as more polite and farmudan (to say) as the most polite form. The speaker usually uses the verb "goftan" or "arz kardan" referring himself or herself and "farmudan" addressing his or her audience. Also "I" is a neutral personal pronoun, but it can be replaced with a word like "bande" (servant). In the case of the respondent, we can use the term " shoma (you )" , the plural second person pronoun or the word "jenabeali ( Supreme gentleman)" instead of " tu (you)", the singular second person pronoun. The cases that the speaker uses verbs with plural inflection to refer to a singular audience (for example:" goftid" (you said) addressing one person instead of "gofti") as a kind of respect for the audience is also examined. The above mentioned cases are considered examples of "compliments" in this study.
Non-linguistic variables included in this research are two variables of gender and intimacy, and compliments are discussed with respect to these two variables. Intimacy is a variable that is effective in choosing the form of addressing. On the other hand, this variable is influenced by the context, that is, the use of intimate forms decreases in the formal contexts. Therefore, the level of formalism in one tissue that is effective in the choice of words and forms of addressing.
In this research, the subjects were asked to fill in the questionnaire so that the defined context can be conveyed in a conversation that someone else does not see your conversation. Some of the concepts discussed are: Compliments: Compliments are a social relationship that requires a paradoxical form of desire and refusal, and this relationship depends, of course, on the social distance of both parties (Azad-e Armaqi and Bikaran Behesht, 2010). The language of compliment is a style that the speaker uses to lower himself and raise the audience. This is done by two tools: A) Selection of words that lower the speaker and raise the audience. B) Use the plural verbs to refer to the singular audience. The first tool can be used in two different domains: verbs and pronouns.
There are a group of verbs that have different forms: 1: Neutral form, 2: Raising up form (referring to the audience), 3: getting down form (for the speaker). Also, to indicate the lower situation of speaker to his audience, different words can be used instead of the first person singular pronoun. To refer to the audience, it is possible to use different words instead of the second one, thus reminding the audience to be higher. In this research, the followings are considered to be compliant: 1: Verbs that have a neutral, upright and downright form. Among these verbs, three sentences "take, come and say" are chosen. 2: Proponents that have a neutral, high and down forms. The pronouns are "I" and "you". The various forms of these pronouns are: "I, my servant -you, you, my dear, Your Excellency. 3: The verbs used to refer to the singular audience in a plural form.

Information gathering method:
Data collection in this research is based on a researcher-made questionnaire. The questionnaire consists of four different contexts, two of which indicate the intimacy between the subject and his audience, and the other two indicate non-intimacy among them. Since this research is done with respect to communication between non-homosexual people, it is clear that the questionnaire provided to the subjects varies according to gender. The contexts and situations described in the female sex questionnaire are different from those of the male gender questionnaire. The issues raised in each of the four pages are in the male and female gender questionnaire, and the only difference is the context and the situation that sample individuals should pay attention to. Each item has several options. The last option is for items that the subject is likely to add to the options. In general, the first and second cases relate to the high and low forms. First speaker singular (speaker) and second singular (audience) and six other cases are related to different forms of "giving, coming and saying" verbs. The cases that represent the raising form are made up of more options. First, because adding the plural suffix to the verb forms a new form that does not apply for the singular one. The second is due to the distinction between the two types of suffixes, the "id" and "in" in Persian. Biman (1986) believes that regarding intimacy, verbs that have the "in" suffix are in the middle level of "id" and "i:" suffixes.

Background:
Despite the prevalence of compliments in Iranian society, there is no comprehensive study in Persian. There are more research works on literary mechanisms that can include compilations (Ghazanfari, 2008;Keshavarz, 1988;Shafi'i Khoreji Khaliji et al., 2013;Rahmani et al., 1395;Khodaei Moghadam, 2013). In a paper titled "Compliments and Cultures for Iranians", Daneshgar (2002) acknowledged that Persian compliments are not words spoken only by the true will and real meaning of the speaker, but also the type of our culture and behavior of Iranians. This is whythey are not rude and fatigued forms to anyone, and in everyday encounters , despite their forms that seems flattering, people do not considered them as lying or flattering decree. Koutlaki's (2002) research is one of the methodological researches carried out in Persian. In this research, Koutlaki examines the category of compliments by considering two aspects of personality and respect in Iranian society, while reviewing the ideas of Goffman (1975) and Browne and Levinson (1987). Dergich's Paper (2007) is another study that, by designing the most important roles of compliments and its reasons, has tried to answer the question why foreigners do not understand the Persian compliments. Azad-e Armaqi and Bikaran Behesht (2010), also referred to Compliments in the article entitled "Compliments in the Iranian daily life", based on George Zimmel's thoughts, related to the social distance and to the extent of being strangers. Analysis of research data: Then, firstly, demographic description of the subjects is presented and then analyzing the data extracted from the questionnaires. Demographic description of research sample Describe the gender: Table 1: Prevalence and percentage of gender variable The above table shows that 35 of the statistical samples were female and 11 were male. 8 people did not specify their gender. In total, out of 80 distributed questionnaires, 9 were incomplete and ineligible, and 17 questionnaires were not returned. Age description:  Table 3: 1. How to use the addressed forms to refer to the second singular person (intimated) 1-1 When you want to address your cousins (male or female): 1-2. When you want to address your male or female colleague: -2-How to use the addressed forms to refer to the second singular person (non-intimated) 2-1 When you want to address your music master (lady and gentleman): 2-2. When you want to address a person (lady and gentleman) in the park.
3. How to use the addressed forms to refer to the first singular person (intimated). 3-1 When you want to address yourself in front of your cousin (male or female ) 3-2 When you want to address yourself in front of your colleague (lady and gentleman):