Abstract
Simulating such events typically involves a system of differential
equations representing the overall generation and load present at the
time. The standard model based on the swing equation assumes unlimited
capacity in aggregated resources, as well as the availability of these
services for the duration of the frequency excursion. In simulating the
effect of outages on the GB Grid frequency on 2019/8/9, the effect of
limiting these services to the capacity of resources engaged during the
event is examined. It is shown that by taking these refinements into
account the timing and extent of the frequency nadir can be successfully
estimated. Insight is gained into the responses of various
characteristics of the grid and how they interact with unplanned
generation imbalances. Using this adapted model, further events on the
GB grid are examined to validate the influence of these features.