ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Fossil seeds from the La Cantera Formation, Early Cretaceous, San Luis Province, Argentina
1
IMIBIO-CONICET – San Luis. Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Ejercito de los Andes 950, San Luis (5700), Argentina
2
Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales, Centro Científico Tecnológico –
CONICET y UNCuyo. Av. Adrián Ruiz Leal s/n – Mendoza C.C.131 (5500), Argentina
3
Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, IMIBIO – Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Chacabuco 913,
San Luis (5700), Argentina
Submission date: 2019-11-21
Online publication date: 2020-06-29
Publication date: 2020-06-29
Acta Palaeobotanica 2020; 60(1): 181-198
KEYWORDS
ABSTRACT
In a study of fossil seeds recovered from the La Cantera Formation, Early Cretaceous, San Luis
Basin, we establish a new species, Carpolithus volantus, and describe other specimens attributed to Carpolithus
spp. and Ephedra canterata. The botanical affinity of winged seeds assigned to Carpolithus volantus is
discussed in relation to the fossil flora recovered from this formation. Based on the abundance of Gnetales in
the San Luis Basin (pollen grains, reproductive and vegetative structures assigned to Ephedra), we propose
that Carpolithus volantus is affiliated with Gnetales (Weltwitschia). We suggest that Carpolithus spp. seeds
may be angiospermous, because this group, represented by leaves and flowers, dominates the fossil macroflora
of the La Cantera Formation. Micro- and macrofloral analyses of the La Cantera Formation and an assessment
of available dispersal vectors suggests that wind (anemochory) and water (hydrochory) may have been the most
important dispersal strategies for these seeds. The abundance and small size of seeds recovered from the La
Cantera Formation, together with their morphological characters, such as the presence of wings in Carpolithus
volantus, also favour abiotic mechanisms of dispersal such as anemochory or hydrochory.
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