ALAN BARNARD The Kin Terminology System of the Nharo Bushmen* The Nharo are Khoi-speaking or Hottentot-speaking people of the Ghanzi district of western Botswana They are also known as /Aikwe1 or Naron They number some 5000 and live in small settlements or bands of some eight to forty people each Although traditionally hunter-gatherers many Nharo today keep goats or work as seasonal labourers for the Tswana Kgalagari Herero Afrikaans and English subsistence herders and ranchers who have settled in Ghanzi district Among their closest linguistic relatives are the G/wikhwe or G/wi and Gy/anakhwe or Gy/ana of Central Kalahari Game Reserve and other members of the Tshu-Khwe language group of the Khoi language family The Nharo are more distantly related linguisti cally to the ama and Kora Khoikhoi Hottentots) both herding peoples of Namibia and South Africa respectively.2 The structure of the Nharo kin terminology system in many ways resembles those of these other Khoi-speaking peoples Barnard 1976 102-132 It is also similar to the system of the well-known Kung Bushmen an adjacent but non-Khoi-
This article is based on my Ph thesis BARNARD 1976 34-84 99-100 192- 193 248 would like to thank Adam Kuper and Isaac Schapera for their many valuable comments on the original draft However alone am responsible for any errors in data or analysis My fieldwork among the Nharo May 1974 to September 1975 was sponsored by the Swan Fund Pitt Rivers Museum and authorized by the Office of the President of Botswana am grateful to both for their support The click ingressive consonant symbols are as follows dental fricative) alveolar stop) retroflex fricative and palatal stop before click symbol indicates voicing and an before click symbol indicates nasalization The symbol indicates ejection or glottal stop and the symbol/ indicates double ejection In this paper hyphen within Nharo word indicates division into morphemes hyphen at the beginning or end of word indicates that prefix or suffix is required Traditional Nharo social organization has been documented by PASSARGE 1907 and BLEEK 1928) and present conditions on the Ghanzi ranches by GUEN- THER 1974 1975a i975b 1976 and me BARNARD i975a i975b 1976 23-31 88-98 231-237 1978a passim The G/wikhwe and Gy/anakhwe have been described by SILBERBAUER 1961 1963 1965 1972 1973 and TANAKA 1969 1971 1976 For description of Khoikhoi kinship and social organization see e.g. HOERNL 1925) VEDDER 1928 1938 51-60) SCHAPERA l930 22I-395) ENGELBRECHT 1936 and BARNARD 19750)
Cahiers tudes africaines 72 XVIII-4 pp 607-629
