One-Step Method to Prepare PLLA Porous Microspheres in a High-Voltage Electrostatic Anti-Solvent Process
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Optimization of the Process and Aerodynamic Properties of the PMs
2.2. Physicochemical Properties of the PLLA PMs
2.3. In Vitro Cytotoxicity Study
2.4. Pulmonary Toxicity Assessment
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Materials
3.2. Methods
3.2.1. High-Voltage Electrostatic Anti-Solvent Process
3.2.2. Full Factorial Experimental Design
3.2.3. Surface Morphology Characterization
3.2.4. Aerodynamic Property Investigation
3.2.5. Physicochemical Properties of the PLLA PMs
3.2.6. Analysis of DCM Residue
3.2.7. In Vitro Cytotoxicity Investigation
3.2.8. Pulmonary Toxicity Assessment
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Run Order | Factors | Particle Sizes (μm) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A | B | C | D | D10 | D50 | D90 | Dg | Span | Da | |
1 | −1 | 1 | −1 | 1 | 8.6 | 21.1 | 31.2 | 20.6 | 1.1 | 4.4 |
2 | −1 | −1 | −1 | −1 | 12.0 | 20.0 | 31.5 | 20.9 | 1.0 | 4.5 |
3 | −1 | −1 | 1 | 1 | 10.6 | 18.2 | 28.6 | 18.8 | 1.0 | 4.6 |
4 | 1 | −1 | −1 | −1 | 10.0 | 19.5 | 31.5 | 20.2 | 1.0 | 3.9 |
5 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 11.7 | 19.6 | 29.8 | 20.1 | 0.9 | 3.9 |
6 | −1 | 1 | 1 | −1 | 9.9 | 17.7 | 27.8 | 18.2 | 1.0 | 4.3 |
7 | −1 | 1 | −1 | −1 | 12.7 | 20.8 | 31.2 | 21.4 | 0.9 | 4.3 |
8 | 1 | 1 | −1 | 1 | 13.2 | 21.3 | 30.4 | 21.5 | 0.8 | 3.9 |
9 | −1 | −1 | −1 | 1 | 10.9 | 19.8 | 31.3 | 20.4 | 1.0 | 4.6 |
10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 10.1 | 19.5 | 30.9 | 20.0 | 1.0 | 4.2 |
11 | 1 | 1 | 1 | −1 | 11.6 | 19.9 | 29.6 | 20.2 | 0.9 | 3.8 |
12 | 1 | −1 | −1 | 1 | 9.1 | 19.9 | 32.8 | 20.9 | 1.2 | 4.0 |
13 | −1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 11.5 | 20.0 | 30.4 | 20.5 | 0.9 | 4.3 |
14 | −1 | −1 | 1 | −1 | 9.0 | 17.6 | 29.0 | 18.4 | 1.1 | 4.7 |
15 | 1 | −1 | 1 | 1 | 10.3 | 18.5 | 29.1 | 19.2 | 1.0 | 3.8 |
16 | 1 | −1 | 1 | −1 | 9.1 | 17.4 | 29.0 | 18.4 | 1.1 | 4.2 |
17 | 1 | 1 | −1 | −1 | 10.0 | 17.8 | 30.0 | 18.9 | 1.1 | 3.8 |
Sample Name | Dg (μm) | Da (μm) | FPF (%) | Porosity (%) | Density (g/cm3) | Pore Size (μm) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PLLA PMs | 19.1 ± 0.4 | 4.2 ± 0.2 | 56.3 ± 1.2 | 76.2 | 0.289 ± 0.004 | 0.2 |
Level | Code | A | B | C | D |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Menthol: PLLA (w/w) | PLLA Concentration (wt/v, %) | Voltage (kV) | Push Speed (mm/h) | ||
High | +1 | 1:1 | 4.0% | 10 | 50 |
Centre | 0 | 3:4 | 3.5% | 9 | 45 |
Low | −1 | 1:2 | 3.0% | 8 | 40 |
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Wang, Y.; Zhu, L.-H.; Chen, A.-Z.; Xu, Q.; Hong, Y.-J.; Wang, S.-B. One-Step Method to Prepare PLLA Porous Microspheres in a High-Voltage Electrostatic Anti-Solvent Process. Materials 2016, 9, 368. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma9050368
Wang Y, Zhu L-H, Chen A-Z, Xu Q, Hong Y-J, Wang S-B. One-Step Method to Prepare PLLA Porous Microspheres in a High-Voltage Electrostatic Anti-Solvent Process. Materials. 2016; 9(5):368. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma9050368
Chicago/Turabian StyleWang, Ying, Li-Hui Zhu, Ai-Zheng Chen, Qiao Xu, Yu-Juan Hong, and Shi-Bin Wang. 2016. "One-Step Method to Prepare PLLA Porous Microspheres in a High-Voltage Electrostatic Anti-Solvent Process" Materials 9, no. 5: 368. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma9050368