210Po and 210Pb in King Bolete (Boletus edulis) and Related Mushroom Species: Estimated Effective Radiation Dose and Geospatial Distribution in Central and Eastern Europe
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. 210Po and 210Pb Activity Concentrations in Boletes
3.2. Distribution of 210Po and 210Pb within a Fruitbody
3.3. Annual Effective Radiation Doses for Adults
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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No | Sampling Site (Number of Individual Specimens) | Activity Concentration (Bq·kg−1 db) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Caps | Stipes | Whole Fruiting Bodies | |||||
210Po | 210Pb | 210Po | 210Pb | 210Po | 210Pb | ||
Poland, B. edulis | |||||||
1 | Kościerzyna (26) | - | - | - | - | 1.63 ± 0.11 | 1.32 ± 0.04 |
2 | Tuchola Pinewoods (6) | - | - | - | - | 1.61 ± 0.10 | 1.42 ± 0.09 |
3 | Toruńske Forest (15) | - | - | - | - | 1.05 ± 0.08 | 0.99 ± 0.07 |
4 | Łukta (24) | - | - | - | - | 2.15 ± 0.11 | 1.86 ± 0.06 |
5 | Puchałowo (15) | - | - | - | - | 1.59 ± 0.08 | 1.32 ± 0.05 |
6 | Osowa (15) | - | - | - | - | 4.47 ± 0.28 | 3.27 ± 0.23 |
7 | Olsztyn (19) | - | - | - | - | 2.10 ± 0.20 | 1.74 ± 0.07 |
8 | Augustów PF a (16) | - | - | - | - | 2.91 ± 0.18 | 5.28 ± 0.30 |
9 | Szczecinek (22) | - | - | - | - | 1.53 ± 0.06 | 2.92 ± 0.15 |
10 | Porażyn (13) | - | - | - | - | 1.13 ± 0.08 | 1.74 ± 0.10 |
11 | Mrągowo (15) | - | - | - | - | 2.53 ± 0.13 | 4.76 ± 0.28 |
12 | Chochołowska Dale (12) | - | - | - | - | 1.75 ± 0.11 | 2.65 ± 0.11 |
13 | Elbląg (21) | - | - | - | - | 3.69 ± 0.14 | 5.82 ± 0.32 |
14 | Mojusz (11) | - | - | - | - | 0.92 ± 0.07 | 1.46 ± 0.09 |
15 | Białowieża PF a (15) | - | - | - | - | 2.31 ± 0.11 | 4.43 ± 0.27 |
16 | Wanacja (15) | - | - | - | - | 1.54 ± 0.09 | 3.02 ± 0.14 |
17 | Goreń (15) | - | - | - | - | 2.03 ± 0.09 | 3.29 ± 0.15 |
18 | Piska Wilderness (15) c | 1.12 ± 0.08 | 0.94 ± 0.06 | 0.75 ± 0.06 | 0.80 ± 0.05 | 0.93 ± 0.52 | 0.87 ± 0.41 |
19 | Giżycko (21) c | 1.15 ± 0.08 | 1.23 ± 0.09 | 1.04 ± 0.07 | 1.21 ± 0.06 | 1.10 ± 0.59 | 1.22 ± 0.60 |
20 | Seacoast LP b (9) c | 1.76 ± 0.10 | 1.58 ± 0.06 | 2.82 ± 0.13 | 2.94 ± 0.07 | 2.30 ± 0.86 | 2.27 ± 0.48 |
21 | Kłodzka Dale (10) c | 1.40 ± 0.09 | 1.22 ± 0.05 | 1.84 ± 0.13 | 1.62 ± 0.10 | 1.62 ± 0.80 | 1.42 ± 0.58 |
B. pinophilus | |||||||
22 | Piska Wilderness (15) c | 1.52 ± 0.08 | 1.59 ± 0.08 | 1.07 ± 0.06 | 1.13 ± 0.07 | 1.30 ± 0.39 | 1.36 ± 0.44 |
23 | Noteć Forest (32) c | 2.38 ± 0.16 | 2.54 ± 0.14 | 1.42 ± 0.12 | 1.87 ± 0.12 | 1.89 ± 0.52 | 2.20 ± 0.47 |
24 | Wdzydze LP b (26) c | 1.51 ± 0.11 | 1.30 ± 0.09 | 2.25 ± 0.13 | 2.36 ± 0.14 | 1.88 ± 0.69 | 1.83 ± 0.67 |
25 | Dziemiany (14) c | 0.94 ± 0.08 | 1.03 ± 0.09 | 1.57 ± 0.09 | 1.96 ± 0.12 | 1.27 ± 0.27 | 1.53 ± 0.32 |
B. reticulatus | |||||||
26 | Seacoast LP b (15) c | 4.31 ± 0.24 | 4.54 ± 0.14 | 3.24 ± 0.23 | 3.25 ± 0.13 | 3.82 ± 1.17 | 3.95 ± 0.66 |
B. luridus | |||||||
27 | Wysokie (12) c | 0.94 ± 0.09 | 0.95 ± 0.08 | 0.86 ± 0.07 | 0.63 ± 0.09 | 0.91 ± 0.10 | 0.82 ± 0.09 |
28 | Kępice (15) c | 1.04 ± 0.06 | 0.98 ± 0.08 | 0.97 ± 0.07 | 1.05 ± 0.09 | 1.02 ± 0.53 | 1.00 ± 0.68 |
B. impolitus | |||||||
29 | Olsztynek (15) c | 1.53 ± 0.11 | 1.72 ± 0.09 | 1.77 ± 0.13 | 1.66 ± 0.10 | 1.65 ± 0.68 | 1.69 ± 0.53 |
Belarus, B. reticulatus | |||||||
30 | Chojniki (38) c | 3.18 ± 0.13 | 1.80 ± 0.12 | 2.85 ± 0.16 | 2.46 ± 0.12 | 3.03 ± 0.77 | 2.11 ± 0.62 |
31 | Borysów (34) c | 1.16 ± 0.07 | 1.33 ± 0.08 | 1.45 ± 0.09 | 1.63 ± 0.10 | 1.29 ± 0.39 | 1.46 ± 0.45 |
Sampling Site | Distribution (Cap/Stipe) (Qc/s) | |
---|---|---|
210Po | 210Pb | |
Poland, B. edulis | ||
Piska Wilderness | 1.48 ± 0.10 | 1.18 ± 0.08 |
Giżycko | 1.11 ± 0.11 | 1.01 ± 0.11 |
Seacoast Landscape Park | 0.63 ± 0.16 | 0.54 ± 0.09 |
Kłodzka Dale | 0.76 ± 0.16 | 0.75 ± 0.11 |
B. pinophilus | ||
Piska Wilderness | 1.42 ± 0.10 | 1.41 ± 0.11 |
Notecka Forest | 1.67 ± 0.21 | 1.36 ± 0.19 |
Wdzydze Landscape Park | 0.67 ± 0.17 | 0.55 ± 0.17 |
Dziemiany | 0.60 ± 0.13 | 0.53 ± 0.15 |
B. reticulatus | ||
Seacoast Landscape Park | 1.33 ± 0.33 | 1.40 ± 0.19 |
B. luridus | ||
Wysokie | 1.09 ± 0.12 | 1.52 ± 0.12 |
Kępice | 1.07 ± 0.09 | 0.93 ± 0.12 |
B. impolitus | ||
Olsztynek | 0.86 ± 0.17 | 1.04 ± 0.13 |
Belarus, B. reticulatus | ||
Chojniki (BY) | 1.11 ± 0.20 | 0.73 ± 0.16 |
Borysów (BY) | 0.80 ± 0.11 | 0.82 ± 0.13 |
Mean | 1.00 ± 0.19 | 0.93 ± 0.18 |
Median | 1.07 ± 0.16 | 0.93 ± 0.13 |
Sampling Site | Effective Radiation Dose (μSv·kg−1 db) | |
---|---|---|
210Po | 210Pb | |
Poland, B. edulis | ||
Pomerania, Kościerzyna | 1.95 ± 0.13 | 0.91 ± 0.02 |
Pomerania, Tuchola Pinewoods | 1.93 ± 0.13 | 0.98 ± 0.07 |
Kujawy region, Toruńskie forests | 1.27 ± 0.09 | 0.68 ± 0.05 |
Warmia, Łukta | 2.58 ± 0.13 | 1.28 ± 0.04 |
Warmia, Puchałowo | 1.91 ± 0.10 | 0.91 ± 0.03 |
Pomerania, Osowa | 5.37 ± 0.34 | 2.26 ± 0.16 |
Warmia, Olsztyn | 2.52 ± 0.24 | 1.20 ± 0.05 |
Podlasie, Augustów Primeval Forest | 3.49 ± 0.22 | 3.64 ± 0.21 |
Pomerania, Szczecinek | 1.84 ± 0.07 | 2.02 ± 0.10 |
Greater Poland, Porażyn | 1.35 ± 0.09 | 1.20 ± 0.07 |
Masuria, Mrągowo | 3.03 ± 0.15 | 3.28 ± 0.19 |
Tatra Mountains, Chochołowska Dale | 2.10 ± 0.14 | 1.83 ± 0.08 |
Warmia, Elbląg | 4.43 ± 0.17 | 4.02 ± 0.22 |
Pomerania, Mojusz | 1.10 ± 0.08 | 1.01 ± 0.06 |
Podlasie, Białowieża Primeval Forest | 2.78 ± 0.13 | 3.05 ± 0.18 |
Podlasie, Kurpiowska Forest, Wanacja | 1.85 ± 0.11 | 2.09 ± 0.10 |
Kujawy region, Goreń | 2.44 ± 0.10 | 2.27 ± 0.10 |
Masuria, Piska Wilderness | 1.12 ± 0.63 | 0.60 ± 0.28 |
Masuria, Giżycko | 1.32 ± 0.71 | 0.84 ± 0.41 |
Pomerania, Seacoast Landscape Park | 2.76 ± 1.03 | 1.57 ± 0.33 |
Sudety Mountains, Kłodzka Dale | 1.94 ± 0.96 | 0.98 ± 0.40 |
B. pinophilus | ||
Masuria, Piska Wilderness | 1.56 ± 0.47 | 0.94 ± 0.30 |
Notecka Forests | 2.26 ± 0.62 | 1.52 ± 0.33 |
Pomerania, Wdzydze Landscape Park | 2.26 ± 0.83 | 1.26 ± 0.46 |
Pomerania, Dziemiany | 1.53 ± 0.32 | 1.05 ± 0.22 |
B. reticulatus | ||
Pomerania, Seacoast Landscape Park | 4.59 ± 1.41 | 2.72 ± 0.45 |
B. luridus | ||
Wysokie | 1.09 ± 0.12 | 0.57 ± 0.06 |
Pomerania, Kępice | 1.22 ± 0.63 | 0.69 ± 0.47 |
B. impolitus | ||
Warmia, Olsztynek | 1.98 ± 0.81 | 1.17 ± 0.36 |
Belarus, B. reticulatus | ||
Gomel region, Chojniki | 3.63 ± 0.92 | 1.46 ± 0.43 |
Minsk region, Borysów | 1.55 ± 0.47 | 1.01 ± 0.31 |
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Strumińska-Parulska, D.; Moniakowska, A.; Olszewski, G.; Falandysz, J. 210Po and 210Pb in King Bolete (Boletus edulis) and Related Mushroom Species: Estimated Effective Radiation Dose and Geospatial Distribution in Central and Eastern Europe. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 9573. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189573
Strumińska-Parulska D, Moniakowska A, Olszewski G, Falandysz J. 210Po and 210Pb in King Bolete (Boletus edulis) and Related Mushroom Species: Estimated Effective Radiation Dose and Geospatial Distribution in Central and Eastern Europe. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(18):9573. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189573
Chicago/Turabian StyleStrumińska-Parulska, Dagmara, Aleksandra Moniakowska, Grzegorz Olszewski, and Jerzy Falandysz. 2021. "210Po and 210Pb in King Bolete (Boletus edulis) and Related Mushroom Species: Estimated Effective Radiation Dose and Geospatial Distribution in Central and Eastern Europe" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 18: 9573. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189573