Associations between Indoor Environmental Quality and Infectious Diseases Knowledge, Beliefs and Practices of Hotel Workers in Wuhan, China
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Subjects and Methods
2.1. Study Design
2.2. Participants
2.3. Knowledge, Beliefs, and Practices Regarding the Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases
2.4. Environmental Quality of the Hotel
2.4.1. Overview of Environmental Monitoring Indicators
2.4.2. Sampling Location Distribution of the Hotel
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Sociodemographic Characteristics of Subjects
3.2. Level of Knowledge, Beliefs, and Practices Regarding the Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases
3.3. Environmental Quality
3.4. Group Comparison in Environmental Quality
3.5. Principal Component Analysis (PCA)
3.6. Correlation between Knowledge, Beliefs, Practices, and Environmental Quality
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Category | Sampling Environment | Indicators | Sampling Quantity | Monitoring Method |
---|---|---|---|---|
physical factors | indoor air | temperature, humidity | A. sample size: number of rooms ≤100 (3–5%); >100 (1–3%) B. number of sampling points: area (m2): <50 (1 sampling point); 50–200 (2 sampling points); >200 (3–5 sampling points) | apparatus: digital thermometer and digital hygrometer. data: direct reading measurement |
indoor environment | noise | same as above | apparatus: digital sound level meter. data: direct reading measurement | |
indoor air quality | indoor air | benzene, toluene, xylene | same as above | apparatus: Tenax TA adsorbent tube |
formaldehyde | same as above | apparatus: bubble absorption tube, air sampling pump | ||
CO, CO2, PM10, and PM2.5. | same as above | apparatus: carbon monoxide non-dispersive infrared gas analyzer, carbon monoxide non-dispersive infrared gas analyzer, light scattering dust test instrument. data: direct reading measurement | ||
the total count of fungi, aerobic plate count, | A. sample size: number of rooms ≤100 (3–5%); >100 (1–3%) B. number of sampling points: area (m2): <50 (1 sampling point); 50–200 (2 sampling points); >200 (3–5 sampling points) | apparatus: six-stage sieve percussion microbial sampler |
Aspects | Category/Range | % | Mean (SD 1) |
---|---|---|---|
Level of knowledge | 0–8 | 6.75 (1.90) | |
Do towels spread disease? | No | 14.8 | |
Yes | 85.2 | ||
Do slippers spread disease? | No | 15.6 | |
Yes | 84.4 | ||
Do bathtubs spread disease? | No | 12.5 | |
Yes | 87.5 | ||
Do teacups spread disease? | No | 14.1 | |
Yes | 85.9 | ||
Do toilets spread disease? | No | 14.1 | |
Yes | 85.9 | ||
Are there 3 types of infectious diseases? | No | 24.2 | |
Yes | 75.8 | ||
Main routes of transmission of COVID-19 | Wrong, | 0.8 | |
Know part, | 28.1 | ||
Understand all | 71.1 | ||
Level of beliefs | 0–12 | 10 (1.33) | |
Disinfection method | None | 0 | |
Poor | 7 | ||
Average | 28.1 | ||
Excellent | 64.9 | ||
Measures for the prevention and control of infectious diseases | I don’t know | 0 | |
Know 1 measures | 0.8 | ||
2 = Know 2 measures | 2.4 | ||
3 = Know 3 measures | 3.9 | ||
4 = Understand all | 92.9 | ||
Situations that don’t need to wear masks | 0 = Wrong | 0.8 | |
1 = At home or outdoors | 21.1 | ||
2 = At home and outdoors | 78.1 | ||
Excessive disinfection | 0 = Wrong | 9.4 | |
1 = Know 1 | 22.6 | ||
2 = Know 2 | 61.7 | ||
3 = Understand all | 6.3 | ||
Level of practices | 0–7 | 6.66 (0.59) | |
Whether to actively apply for a health certificate? | 0 = No | 3.1 | |
1 = Yes | 96.9 | ||
Whether to wash their hands with hand sanitizer? | 0 = No | 1.6 | |
1 = Yes | 98.4 | ||
Whether to wear work clothes? | 0 = No | 4.7 | |
1 = Yes | 95.3 | ||
Whether to wear protective gloves? | 0 = No | 16.4 | |
1 = Yes | 83.6 | ||
Whether to wear protective masks? | 0 = No | 0 | |
1 = Yes | 100 | ||
Whether to go to work when coughing or with a fever? | 0 = Yes | 6.3 | |
1 = No | 93.7 | ||
Whether to avoid people when coughing or sneezing? | 0 = No | 2.3 | |
1 = Yes | 97.7 | ||
Total score | 23.4 (2.67) |
A. | B. | C. | D. | E. | F. | G. | H. | I. | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A. Practice score | r | - | 0.028 | 0.130 | 0.307 | 0.177 | −0.110 | −0.034 | 0.051 | 0.306 |
p | 0.755 | 0.145 | 0.000 ** | 0.046 * | 0.215 | 0.707 | 0.566 | 0.000 ** | ||
B. Knowledge score | r | - | 0.224 | 0.830 | 0.028 | 0.210 | 0.942 | 0.197 | 0.184 | |
p | 0.011 * | 0.000 ** | 0.751 | 0.017 * | 0.000 ** | 0.026 * | 0.038 * | |||
C. Belief score | r | - | 0.686 | −0.198 | 0.267 | 0.125 | 0.587 | −0.013 | ||
p | 0.000 ** | 0.025 * | 0.002 ** | 0.158 | 0.000 ** | 0.883 | ||||
D. Total score | r | - | −0.039 | 0.258 | 0.726 | 0.444 | 0.193 | |||
p | 0.664 | 0.003 ** | 0.000 ** | 0.000 ** | 0.029 * | |||||
E. Environmental quality score | r | - | −0.543 | 0.071 | −0.387 | 0.184 | ||||
p | 0.000 ** | 0.423 | 0.000 ** | 0.038 * | ||||||
F. The classification of hotel | r | - | 0.211 | 0.264 | −0.077 | |||||
p | 0.017 * | 0.003 ** | 0.386 | |||||||
G. Whether the hotel’s public appliances spread diseases | r | - | 0.000 | 0.000 | ||||||
p | 1.000 | 1.000 | ||||||||
H. Basic knowledge of infectious diseases | r | - | 0.000 | |||||||
p | 1.000 | |||||||||
I. Understanding of the routes of spreading infectious diseases | r | - | ||||||||
p |
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Wang, W.; Liu, Y.; Zhang, L.; Ran, L.; Xiong, S.; Tan, X. Associations between Indoor Environmental Quality and Infectious Diseases Knowledge, Beliefs and Practices of Hotel Workers in Wuhan, China. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 6367. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18126367
Wang W, Liu Y, Zhang L, Ran L, Xiong S, Tan X. Associations between Indoor Environmental Quality and Infectious Diseases Knowledge, Beliefs and Practices of Hotel Workers in Wuhan, China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(12):6367. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18126367
Chicago/Turabian StyleWang, Wenjing, Yixin Liu, Ling Zhang, Li Ran, Siyuan Xiong, and Xiaodong Tan. 2021. "Associations between Indoor Environmental Quality and Infectious Diseases Knowledge, Beliefs and Practices of Hotel Workers in Wuhan, China" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 12: 6367. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18126367