Antiperiodic Solutions for Impulsive ω -Weighted ϱ –Hilfer Fractional Differential Inclusions in Banach Spaces

: In this article, we construct sufficient conditions that secure the non-emptiness and compactness of the set of antiperiodic solutions of an impulsive fractional differential inclusion involving an ω -weighted ϱ –Hilfer fractional derivative, D σ , v , ϱ , ω 0, t , of order σ ∈ ( 1,2 ) , in infinite-dimensional Banach spaces. First, we deduce the formula of antiperiodic solutions for the observed problem. Then, we give two theorems regarding the existence of these solutions. In the first, by using a fixed-point theorem for condensing multivalued functions, we show the non-emptiness and compactness of the set of antiperiodic solutions; and in the second, by applying a fixed-point theorem for contraction multivalued functions, we prove the non-emptiness of this set. Because many types of famous fractional differential operators are particular cases from the operator D σ , v , ϱ , ω 0, t , our results generalize several recent results. Moreover, there are no previous studies on antiperiodic solutions for this type of fractional differential inclusion, so this work is novel and interesting. We provide two examples to illustrate and support our conclusions.


Introduction
Fractional differential equations and fractional differential inclusions have many applications in the real world such as in medicine [1], physics [2], engineering, life and social sciences [3], and industry [4].
There are many processes and phenomena in our real life that, during their development, are exposed to external factors' effects.If their duration is negligible compared to the total duration of the studied phenomena and processes, it can be assumed that these external influences are instantaneous.If the external influences continue for a period of time, it is called noninstantaneous.An example of instantaneous impulsive motion is the motion of an elastic ball bouncing perpendicularly on a surface.The moments of the impulses are in the time when the ball touches the surface and its velocity changes rapidly.An example of movement with noninstantaneous impulses is the entry of drugs into the bloodstream and their subsequent absorption into the body, which is a gradual and continuous process.Other examples include the following [5]: the operation of a damper subjected to percussive effects; the change in a valve's shutter speed in its transition from an open to a closed state; fluctuations in a pendulum system in the case of external impulsive effects; a percussive model of a clock mechanism; percussive systems with vibrations; relaxation oscillations in electromechanical systems; electronic schemes; a remittent oscillator subjected to impulsive effects; the dynamics of a system with automatic regulation; the passage of a solid body from a given fluid density to another fluid density; control of a satellite's orbit using the radial acceleration; a change in the speed of a chemical reaction with the addition or removal of a catalyst; disturbances in cellular neural networks; impulsive external intervention and optimization problems in the dynamics of isolated populations; death in populations as a result of impulsive effects; and impulsive external interference and the optimization problem in population dynamics of predator-prey types.For other applications in different fields in our lives, we refer the reader to Refs.[6][7][8][9].In Refs.[10][11][12][13], recent results on different types of impulse differential equations and inclusions are presented.
The obtained results in Refs.[14][15][16][17] confirm that there are no periodic solutions for a large number of differential equations and differential inclusions with fractional order on bounded intervals.As a result, scientists have an increased interest in studying the conditions that guarantee the existence of antiperiodic solutions to fractional differential equations.Additionally, fractional differential equations and inclusions with antiperiodic solutions have applications in chemical engineering, population dynamics, and the study of blood flow and ground water [18][19][20].Ahmad et al. [21] initiated the study of the existence of antiperiodic solutions for fractional differential equations by considering the following problem: where c D θ 0,ξ is the Caputo derivative of order θ with the lower limit at 0, ζ : £ × R → R. Ahmad et al. [22] demonstrated the presence of antiperiodic solutions for the following problem: where ζ : £ × R → R .Chai et al. [23] examined the antiperiodic solutions for the problem following: x (1) (ξ) , ξ ∈ (0, 1], lim where R D θ 0,ξ is the Riemann-Liouville fractional derivative of order θ with the lower limit at 0 and ζ : [0, 1] × R × R → R. Ibrahim [24] showed the existence of an antiperiodic solution for the following impulsive problem: (1) (0)) = −x (1) (ξ).
where c D q 0,ξ is the generalized Caputo derivative of order q ∈ (n − 1, n) with the lower limit at zero, and n ∈ N,ζ : £ × E → E and F : £ × E → 2 E is a multifunction.
Motivated by the above discussion, and in order to undertake work that generalizes the majority of the above results and allows the study of the existence of antiperiodic solutions to several boundary-value problems containing one of the fractional derivatives known in the literature as Riemann-Léouville, Caputo, Hilfer, Hadamard, Katugampola, Hilfer-Hadamard, Hilfer-Katugambula, ϱ-Riemann-Liouville, ϱ-Caputo, and ϱ-Hilfer, we prove the existence of antiperiodic solutions of differential inclusions involving the ω-weight ϱ-Hilfer fractional derivative.Furthermore, we consider in our problem the influence of instantaneous pulses in infinite-dimensional Banach spaces, and this makes our work very interesting.
Indeed, in this work, and for the first time, we prove the existence of antiperiodic solutions for the following differential inclusion involving the ω-weight ϱ-Hilfer fractional derivative in the presence of instantaneous impulses: where is the ω-weighted ϱ−Hilfer derivative operator of order θ and of type v with the lower limit at ξ i .Moreover, F : is the ω-weighted ϱ−Riemann-Liouville derivative operator of order 2 − λ with the lower limit at ξ i .First, we deduce the formula for antiperiodic solutions to Problem (3) (Lemma 9).Then, we prove two theorems regarding the existence of antiperiodic solutions to (3) (Theorem 1 and Theorem 2).In Theorem 1, we show that the set of antiperiodic solutions of (3) is non-empty and compact, while in Theorem 2, we assume less restrictive conditions and use the fixed-point theorem for the contraction of multivalued functions to show that the set of antiperiodic solutions of (3) is not empty.
Here, we mention some other studies on antiperiodic solutions of fractional differential equations and differential inclusions.Benyoub et al. [32] discussed the existence and uniqueness of solutions for a nonlinear antiperiodic boundary-value problem for fractional impulsive differential equations: where CF D α 0,ξ is the Caputo-Fabrizio fractional derivative of order α ∈ (0, 1) and Yang et al. [33] studied the antiperiodic solutions for a differential equation involving the Riesz-Caputo derivative of order θ ∈ (1, 2).
In the following remark, we explain the importance of this study and its relationship to some of the aforementioned results.
Remark 1. 1-Following the same technique that we use to prove the existence of antiperiodic solutions to (3), we can prove the existence of antiperiodic solutions to the following problem: 2-In Problem (3), the lower limit of the differential operator D is ξ i , i ∈ L 0 .That is, the lower limit changes on each £ i .But in Problem (5), the lower limit of the differential operator D θ,v,ϱ,ω 0,ξ is at 0, which is fixed at 0 on each £ i .3-Ahmad et al. [21] studied Problem (3) in the particular cases ω(ξ) = 1, ϱ(ξ) = ξ; ∈ L, v = 1, ℵ i and ℜ i are the zero functions, and dim(E) = 1.
8-In Problem (3), the impulses are instantaneous, but in Problem (4) they are noninstantaneous.Also, there are no antiperiodic boundary conditions in problem (4) like (3).Therefore, the problem we are studying is completely different from Problem (4).
Next, we illustrate the relationship between our work and relevant recent findings, along with our work's main contributions.
II-The formula for the antiperiodic solutions of (3) in E is deduced (Lemma 9).III-Two consequences of the existence of antiperiodic solutions to (3) are proven (Theorms 1 and 2).
IV-Two examples are provided to show that our results are viable (Example 1).V-Our work generalizes the obtained results in [21][22][23][24] (Remark 1).VI-Up to now there, has been no study about the existence of antiperiodic solutions for differential inclusions involving an ω-weighted ϱ-Hilfer derivative in the presence or absence of impulses.
VII-Our method guides those interested in generalizing the majority of the above works when the nonlinear term is a multivalued function in the presence of pulses and in any Banach space.
VIII-By following our technique, one can demonstrate the existence of antiperiodic solutions for Problem (5).
IX-As a result of our work, one can study the existence of antiperiodic solutions to several boundary-value problems containing one of the fractional derivatives known in the literature by the following names: Riemann-Léouville, Caputo, Hilfer, Hadamard, Katugambula, Hilfer-Hadamard, Hilfer-Katugambula, ϱ-Riemann-Liouville, ϱ-Caputo, and ϱ-Hilfer.Therefore, one can generalize the majority of the above works after replacing the differential operator presented in the issues discussed in these works by . This can be considered as a proposal for future research work based on this work.
We organize our work as follows.In the second section, we remind the reader of the concepts that will be used later.In the third part, we deduce the formula for antiperiodic solutions of (3), and then, we proved two conclusions regarding the existence of these solutions.Finally, we give two examples to show that our results are viable.

Preliminaries and Notations
Let AC(£, E) be the Banach space of absolutely continuous functions from £ to E and L p,ϱ ω ((0, T), E), p ≥ 1 be the Banach space of all Lebesgue measurable functions u such that uω(ϱ ′ ) We consider the Banach following spaces:
The proof of the following properties can be derived using the same arguments as in the case E = R (Ref.[43], Theorems 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, and 3.6).
as long as the right-hand side is well defined.
2−λ,ϱ,ω ([a, T], E), c, d are two fixed points in E, and x : (a, T] → E defined by x(ξ) exists for ξ ∈ (a, T], and it is a solution for the following ω-weighted ϱ−differential equation of order θ and of type v : on both sides of ( 8) and considering (6), Lemma 1 and (ii) of Lemma 2, it follows for ξ ∈ [a, T], x(ξ) E).Therefore, as a result of Lemmas 4 and 9, we obtain for ξ ∈ [a, T], We use Lemma 3 to obtain lim ξ→a ω(ξ)I The function x given in (7) is not defined at x = a.But if v = 1, then λ = 2 and x becomes defined and continuous on [a, T].Moreover, D θ,v,ϱ,ω 0,ξ x(ξ) = c D θ,ϱ,ω 0,ξ x(ξ); ξ ∈ L and, as a result of Lemma 5, the following function is a solution for the ϱ-Caputo differential equation of order θ and of type v:

This is consistent with what is known.
To drive our results, we need the next following lemmas.Let P cc (E) = {A ⊆ E : A be not empty, convex, and closed}.Lemma 6 ([44], Corollary 3.3.1).Suppose that K ∈ P cc (E) and Π : K → P ck (E).If Π has a closed graph and χ−condensing, then Π has a fixed point.Lemma 7 ([44], Prop.3.5.1).In addition to the assumptions of Lemma 7, suppose Π : U → P ck (E) and χ is monotone.If the set of fixed points for Π is bounded, then it is compact.

Antiperiodic Solutions for Problem (3)
In this part, we show that the set of antiperiodic solutions for Problem (3) is a subset that is not empty and compact in the Banach space PC 2−λ,ϱ,ω (£, E).
x(ξ) exists for ξ ∈ (0, T], and it is a solution for the problem subject to the impulsive conditions lim and lim and the antiperiodic conditions and Proof.For any ξ ∈ £ i = (ξ i , ξ i+1 ], i ∈ L 0 , define where c i (x, u) and d i (x, u), i = 0, 1, 2, .., m are fixed points in E. Using Lemma 5, D λ,ϱ,ω Our aim is to use the boundary conditions ( 16)- (19) to show that c i (x, u) and d i verifies Equations ( 11)- (14).
Let i ∈ L 1 be fixed.Apply on both sides of (20); it results from (i) in Lemma 2 that From ( 16), it yields lim where Therefore, it yields from (17) that where Because x satisfies the antiperiodic condition (18),we obtain where Next, for ξ ∈ (0, ξ 1 ], we have from (i) of Lemma 2, (28) Similarly, for ξ ∈ (ξ m , T], we have Therefore, from (28), (29), and the antiperiodic condition (19), we obtain where Now, (24) leads to This equation and (30) imply So, (11) is verified, and, consequently, we obtain from (24) and this confirms the validity of the relationship (12).Likewise, it yields from ( 22) By substituting into this equation the value of c m (x, u) from ( 26), it results in So, ( 13) is true, and consequently, from (22), we have Then, ( 14) is verified.□ As a consequence of Lemma 8, we give the definition of solutions for (3).Definition 6.By an antiperiodic solution for (3), it means a function x given by where and c i (x, u), d i (x, u) satisfy the identities ( 11)- (14).
(H) For any i ∈ L 1 , ℵ i , ℜ i : E → E are continuous and map any bounded set to a relatively compact subset, and there is δ i , δ * i > 0 such that for any u ∈ PC 2−λ,ϱ,ω (£, E), one has Then, the set of solutions of Problem ( 3) is a non-empty and compact subset in and where κ = max ∑ i=n i=0 δ i , ∑ i=n i=0 δ * i ).
Step 2. Our claim in this step is to show that the graph of is closed on T n 0 .Suppose that (z n ) n≥1 , (x n ) n≥1 are two sequences in T n 0 with z n → z, x n → x in T n 0 , and z n ∈ (x n ); n ∈ N.Then, there is u n ∈ S v(2−θ),p F(.,z n ) , and x n is given by (38).Note that by (F 2 ),||u n (ξ)|| ≤ φ(ξ)(1 + n 0 ), a.e. and hence, {u n } n≥1 is weakly compact in L p,ϱ ω (E, R + ), P > 2. Making use of Mazur's lemma, it can be found as a subsequence that u n k k≥1 and u n k → u ∈ L 1,ϱ ω (E, R + ).Then, there is a subsequence {u * n } n≥1 of {u n } n≥1 such that u * n tends to u almost everywhere.Now, for any n ∈ N, set Obviously, (x * n ) is a subsequence of (x * n ), and hence x * n → x in PC 2−λ,ϱ,ω (£, E).We have to show that and u∈ S v(2−θ),p F(.,z) . Using Lebesgue's convergence theorem, we obtain τ i u n k → τ i (u), Moreover, assumption (H) gives us and this discussion the validity of (52).Furthermore, assumption (F 3 ) leads to u ∈ S v(2−θ),p F(.,z) , and this proves our aim in this step.
Step 4. In this step, we demonstrate that the set ℑ = ∩ n∈N T n is not empty and compact in PC 2−λ,ϱ,ω (£, E), where T 0 = T n 0 ,T n = Ψ(T n−1 ); n ≥ 1.Since each T n is closed, then from the Cantor intersection property [44], it is sufficient to prove the following relation: where χ PC 2−λ,ϱ,ω (£,E) (T n ) is the measure of noncompactness on PC 2−λ,ϱ,ω (£, E), which is presented in the Introduction.Let n ∈ N and ϵ > 0. Utilizing Lemma 5 in [45], there exists a sequence (u r ) r≥1 in T n = Ψ(T n−1 ) such that where Ω |£ i is given in (5).Now, from step (3), the sets Y |£ i , i ∈ L 0 are equicontinuous, and consequently, (55) becomes where χ is the measure of compactness in E.
Step 5.As a result of steps 1 through 4, (x); x ∈ ℑ is not empty, convex, and compact in PC 2−λ,ϱ,ω , so the multivalued function : ℑ → P ck PC 2−λ,ϱ,ω satisfies the assumptions of Lemma 6, and hence, there exists x ∈ ℑ with x ∈ (x).Then, x is an antiperiodic solution to problem (3).Due to the first step, we conclude that the set of fixed points of Ψ is bounded, and by using Lemma 7, we deduce that the set of antiperiodic solutions to problem (3 is compact.□ Now, we give another existence result of antiperiodic solutions for Problem (3).Theorem 2. Suppose that F : £ × E → P ck (E) and ℵ i , ℜ i : E → E; i ∈ L 1 .We assume the following conditions: (F 1 ) * For any z ∈ PC 2−λ,ϱ,ω (£, E), the set S v(2−θ),p F(.,z) is not empty.
where h is the Hausdorff distance.

Examples
In this section, we give two examples to show that our results are applicable.

Discussion and Conclusions
Kaslik et al. [14] showed that unlike the integer-order derivative, the fractional-order derivative of a periodic function cannot be a function with the same period.Consequently, there is no periodic solution for a large number of fractional-order differential systems on bounded intervals.As a result, much attention has been devoted to the study of antiperiodic solutions for differential equations and differential inclusions containing different fractional differential operators.Additionally, it is well-known that the ω-weighted ϱ−Hilfer fractional differential operator D θ,v,ϱ,ω ξ i ,ξ is a generalization for several fractional differential operators.Therefore, in this work, we investigated two theorems concerning the existence of antiperiodic solutions for an impulsive differential inclusion containing D θ,v,ϱ,ω ξ i ,ξ of order θ ∈ (1, 2) in Banach spaces.In the first theorem, it was shown that the set of antiperiodic solutions for the objective problem is not empty and compact.To achieve this target, the formula of antiperiodic solutions was first concluded; then, by making use of adequate fixed-point theorems for multivalued functions, two existence theorems of antiperiodic solutions for the considered problem were proven.Our work generalizes the obtained results in [21][22][23][24] (see Remark 1 and Remark 2).In addition, our procedure can be applied to generalize all the works mentioned in the Introduction when the considered fractional