Sustainable Development of Sweet Sorghum-Based Fuel Ethanol from the Perspective of Water Resources in China
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Spatial Distribution of Potential Original Marginal Land Suitable for Sweet Sorghum
2.2. Estimating Evapotranspiration (ET) with the DSSAT Model
2.3. Pixel-Based Monthly Meteorological Data with ANUSPLIN
3. Results
3.1. The Spatial Distribution of ET of Sweet Sorghum
3.2. The Marginal Land Suitable for Sweet Sorghum-Based Fuel Ethanol at the Provincial Scale
3.3. The Marginal Land Suitable for Sweet Sorghum-Based Fuel Ethanol at the Pixel Scale
3.4. The Marginal Land Suitable for Sweet Sorghum-Based Fuel Ethanol: Integrating Provincial and Pixel Scales
4. Discussion
4.1. Comparison with Other Studies
4.2. Possible Solution
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Province | The Water Consumption of Sweet Sorghum Cultivation (million m3) | Province | The Water Consumption of Sweet Sorghum Cultivation (million m3) |
---|---|---|---|
Anhui | 3183 | Jiangxi | 2059 |
Beijing | 409 | Liaoning | 2530 |
Fujian | 5925 | Inner Mongolia | 1221 |
Gansu | 3607 | Ningxia | 35 |
Guangdong | 4024 | Shandong | 2207 |
Guangxi | 23,204 | Shanxi | 8020 |
Guizhou | 31,325 | Shaanxi | 23,777 |
Hainan | 385 | Sichuan | 7706 |
Hebei | 12,465 | Tianjin | 20 |
Henan | 1601 | Tibet | 300 |
Heilongjiang | 889 | Xinjiang | 791 |
Hubei | 24,551 | Yunnan | 49,298 |
Hunan | 3420 | Zhejiang | 49 |
Jilin | 143 | Chongqing | 8690 |
Jiangsu | 121 | Total | 221,952 |
Province | The Biomass of Sweet Sorghum (million kg) | Province | The Biomass of Sweet Sorghum (million kg) |
---|---|---|---|
Anhui | 8065 | Jiangxi | 3992 |
Beijing | 1089 | Liaoning | 9292 |
Fujian | 13,288 | Inner Mongolia | 2246 |
Gansu | 5570 | Ningxia | 45 |
Guangdong | 9329 | Shandong | 6439 |
Guangxi | 58,034 | Shanxi | 24,380 |
Guizhou | 82,815 | Shaanxi | 64,719 |
Hainan | 378 | Sichuan | 18,587 |
Hebei | 31,393 | Tianjin | 59 |
Henan | 4279 | Tibet | 828 |
Heilongjiang | 2642 | Xinjiang | 733 |
Hubei | 65,434 | Yunnan | 137,093 |
Hunan | 6896 | Zhejiang | 119 |
Jilin | 375 | Chongqing | 2157 |
Jiangsu | 325 | Total | 580,018 |
Province | Priority Development Area (km2) | Secondary Development Area (km2) | Unsuitable Development Area (km2) |
---|---|---|---|
Anhui | 2302 | 3170 | 0 |
Beijing | 0 | 0 | 814 |
Fujian | 6592 | 3801 | 0 |
Gansu | 161 | 7428 | 0 |
Guangdong | 5489 | 1531 | 0 |
Guangxi | 35,971 | 3793 | 0 |
Guizhou | 32,776 | 22,881 | 0 |
Hainan | 825 | 40 | 0 |
Hebei | 0 | 0 | 25,152 |
Henan | 425 | 2558 | 0 |
Heilongjiang | 0 | 1526 | 0 |
Hubei | 29,948 | 15,566 | 0 |
Hunan | 1296 | 5473 | 0 |
Jilin | 5 | 279 | 0 |
Jiangsu | 76 | 192 | 0 |
Jiangxi | 716 | 3262 | 0 |
Liaoning | 2 | 5228 | 0 |
Inner Mongolia | 0 | 3493 | 0 |
Ningxia | 0 | 0 | 102 |
Shandong | 0 | 0 | 4218 |
Shanxi | 0 | 0 | 15,898 |
Shaanxi | 0 | 0 | 44,941 |
Sichuan | 4215 | 8566 | 0 |
Tianjin | 0 | 0 | 34 |
Tibet | 2 | 424 | 0 |
Xinjiang | 0 | 3164 | 0 |
Yunnan | 36,075 | 46,694 | 0 |
Zhejiang | 64 | 18 | 0 |
Chongqing | 12,679 | 3091 | 0 |
Sum | 169,619 | 142,178 | 91,159 |
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Hao, M.; Fu, J.; Jiang, D.; Yan, X.; Chen, S.; Ding, F. Sustainable Development of Sweet Sorghum-Based Fuel Ethanol from the Perspective of Water Resources in China. Sustainability 2018, 10, 3428. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10103428
Hao M, Fu J, Jiang D, Yan X, Chen S, Ding F. Sustainable Development of Sweet Sorghum-Based Fuel Ethanol from the Perspective of Water Resources in China. Sustainability. 2018; 10(10):3428. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10103428
Chicago/Turabian StyleHao, Mengmeng, Jingying Fu, Dong Jiang, Xiaoxi Yan, Shuai Chen, and Fangyu Ding. 2018. "Sustainable Development of Sweet Sorghum-Based Fuel Ethanol from the Perspective of Water Resources in China" Sustainability 10, no. 10: 3428. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10103428