Relationship between Oral Parafunctional and Postural Habits and the Symptoms of Temporomandibular Disorders: A Survey-Based Cross-Sectional Cohort Study Using Propensity Score Matching Analysis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Questionnaire
2.3. Setting of Outcomes
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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TMJ Symptoms |
---|
1. Do you have pain in the jaw joint? |
2. Do you have masticatory muscular pain or fatigue? |
3. Is it hard for you to open your mouth? |
4. Do you have clicking or popping sound in either or both jaws? |
5. Do you ever have frequent headaches or neck and/or shoulder pain? |
6. Do you ever have difficulty closing after opening wide? (joint luxation) |
7. How do you experience maximum pain related to this symptom? (Could you check the bars?) |
8. How do you have a daily hindrance related to this symptom? (Could you check the bars?) |
Medical history or characteristics |
9. Have you ever had a previous medical history of TMD? |
If you answered “Yes”, was previous medical history same or different side for presence of TMD symptom? |
10. Have you ever had a previous TMD treatment? |
11. Have you ever had systemic bone or joint problems, such as rheumatic arthritis, gout, osteoporosis, or osteoarthritis? |
12. Have you ever injured your head, neck, jaw, or spine? |
13. Have you ever had orthodontic treatment? |
14. Which side do you usually or exclusively use during chewing, “Right side”, “Left side”, or “Both sides”? |
15. Do you consider yourself a nervous person? |
16. Do you frequently follow long-term desk work, long-time driving, hobbies, or sports? |
Oral parafunctional or postural habits |
17. Do you grind your teeth during your sleep? (sleep bruxism) |
18. Do you clench or grind your teeth during the day? (awake bruxism or tooth contact habits) |
19. Do you rest your chin on your hand? |
20. Do you sleep lying face down? |
21. Do you have bad posture such as a hunch? |
(1) Before Propensity Score Matching | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
SB | ||||
Yes (=Presence) | No (=Absence) | p–Value | ||
Age (years) | 43.6 (28–57.8) (N = 484) | 53.4 (29.9–67.9) (N = 1804) | <0.001 | |
Gender | Female | 352 (21.3%) | 1301 (78.7%) | 0.995 |
(N = 2292) | Male | 136 (21.3%) | 503 (78.7%) | |
Medical history of TMJ (N = 2211) | Yes and Same | 121 (24%) | 383 (76%) | <0.001 |
Yes and Difference | 146 (25.7%) | 421 (74.3%) | ||
No | 205 (18%) | 935 (82%) | ||
TMD treatment | Yes | 128 (24.1%) | 403 (75.9%) | 0.079 |
(N = 2269) | No | 357 (20.5%) | 1381 (79.5%) | |
Systemic history | Yes | 95 (19%) | 405 (81%) | 0.153 |
(N = 2276) | No | 390 (22%) | 1386 (78%) | |
Head and neck injury | Yes | 89 (23.8%) | 285 (76.2%) | 0.205 |
(N = 2277) | No | 397 (20.9%) | 1506 (79.1%) | |
Orthodontic treatment | Yes | 70 (29.4%) | 168 (70.6%) | 0.001 |
(N = 2285) | No | 418 (20.4%) | 1629 (79.6%) | |
Chewing side (N = 2257) | Both side | 174 (20.1%) | 691 (79.9%) | 0.147 |
Right side | 164 (20.3%) | 642 (79.7%) | ||
Left side | 141 (24.1%) | 445 (75.9%) | ||
Nervous person | Yes | 336 (23.3%) | 1106 (76.7%) | 0.003 |
(N = 2262) | No | 147 (17.9%) | 673 (82.1%) | |
Desk work and recreation | Yes | 294 (23.9%) | 936 (76.1%) | 0.002 |
(N = 2217) | No | 183 (18.5%) | 804 (81.5%) | |
SB | Yes | 278 (34.4%) | 530 (65.6%) | <0.001 |
(N = 2292) | No | 210 (14.2%) | 1274 (85.8%) | |
CH | Yes | 141 (25.8%) | 405 (74.2%) | 0.003 |
(N = 2292) | No | 347 (19.9%) | 1399 (80.1%) | |
FD | Yes | 93 (25.1%) | 277 (74.9%) | 0.049 |
(N = 2292) | No | 395 (20.6%) | 1527 (79.4%) | |
BP | Yes | 243 (24.4%) | 752 (75.6%) | 0.001 |
(N = 2292) | No | 245 (18.9%) | 1052 (81.1%) | |
(2) After Propensity Score Matching | ||||
SB | ||||
Yes (=Presence) | No (=Absence) | p–Value | ||
Age (years) | 43.4 (27.4–58.4) (N = 452) | 43.6 (24.1–59.8) (N = 452) | 0.873 | |
Gender | Female | 330 (50.5%) | 323 (49.5%) | 0.603 |
(N = 904) | Male | 122 (48.6%) | 129 (51.4%) | |
Medical history of TMJ (N = 904) | Yes and Same | 116 (48.9%) | 121 (51.1%) | 0.920 |
Yes and Difference | 137 (50.7%) | 133 (49.3%) | ||
No | 199 (50.1%) | 198 (49.9%) | ||
TMD treatment | Yes | 121 (48%) | 131 (52%) | 0.458 |
(N = 904) | No | 331 (50.8%) | 321 (49.2%) | |
Systemic history | Yes | 91 (50%) | 91 (50%) | 1.000 |
(N = 904) | No | 361 (50%) | 361 (50%) | |
Head and neck injury | Yes | 88 (49.7%) | 89 (50.3%) | 0.933 |
(N = 904) | No | 364 (50.1%) | 363 (49.9%) | |
Orthodontic treatment | Yes | 63 (52.1%) | 58 (47.9%) | 0.625 |
(N = 904) | No | 389 (49.7%) | 394 (50.3%) | |
Chewing side (N = 940) | Both side | 164 (47.4%) | 182 (52.6%) | 0.465 |
Right side | 150 (51.4%) | 142 (48.6%) | ||
Left side | 138 (51.9%) | 128 (48.1%) | ||
Nervous person | Yes | 311 (49.8%) | 313 (50.2%) | 0.886 |
(N = 904) | No | 141 (50.4%) | 139 (49.6%) | |
Desk work and recreation | Yes | 278 (50.5%) | 273 (49.5%) | 0.733 |
(N = 904) | No | 174 (49.3%) | 179 (50.7%) | |
DC | Yes | 255 (49.7%) | 258 (50.3%) | 0.840 |
(N = 904) | No | 197 (50.4%) | 194 (49.6%) | |
CH | Yes | 132 (49.8%) | 133 (50.2%) | 0.942 |
(N = 904) | No | 320 (50.1%) | 319 (49.9%) | |
FD | Yes | 86 (47.8%) | 94 (52.2%) | 0.505 |
(N = 904) | No | 366 (50.6%) | 358 (49.4%) | |
BP | Yes | 221 (49.1%) | 229 (50.9%) | 0.595 |
(N = 904) | No | 231 (50.9%) | 223 (49.1%) |
(1) Before Propensity Score Matching | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
SB | ||||
Yes (=Presence) | No (=Absence) | p–Value | ||
Age (years) | 54.8 (39.5–67.7) (N = 89) | 63.6 (47.1–73.2) (N = 586) | 0.001 | |
Gender | Female | 59 (12.7%) | 404 (87.3%) | 0.616 |
(N = 675) | Male | 30 (14.2%) | 182 (85.8%) | |
Medical history of TMJ (N = 647) | Yes and Same | 15 (12.5%) | 105 (87.5%) | 0.278 |
Yes and Difference | 23 (17.3%) | 110 (82.7%) | ||
No | 47 (11.9%) | 347 (88.1%) | ||
TMD treatment | Yes | 21 (14.8%) | 121 (85.2%) | 0.527 |
(N = 667) | No | 67 (12.8%) | 458 (87.2%) | |
Systemic history | Yes | 22 (11.6%) | 167 (88.4%) | 0.479 |
(N = 671) | No | 66 (13.7%) | 416 (86.3%) | |
Head and neck injury | Yes | 14 (14.7%) | 81 (85.3%) | 0.643 |
(N = 672) | No | 75 (13%) | 502 (87%) | |
Orthodontic treatment | Yes | 7 (17.1%) | 34 (82.9%) | 0.453 |
(N = 673) | No | 82 (13%) | 550 (87%) | |
Chewing side (N = 669) | Both side | 33 (11.5%) | 255 (88.5%) | 0.021 |
Right side | 24 (11%) | 195 (89%) | ||
Left side | 32 (19.8%) | 130 (80.2%) | ||
Nervous person | Yes | 53 (15.3%) | 294 (84.7%) | 0.131 |
(N = 666) | No | 36 (11.3%) | 283 (88.7%) | |
Desk work and recreation | Yes | 45 (15.6%) | 243 (84.4%) | 0.105 |
(N = 659) | No | 42 (11.3%) | 329 (88.7%) | |
(2) After Propensity Score Matching | ||||
SB | ||||
Yes (=Presence) | No (=Absence) | p–Value | ||
Age (years) | 55.9 (39.6–67.7) (N = 83) | 52.9 (28.4–72.9) (N = 83) | 0.626 | |
Gender | Female | 55 (50.9%) | 53 (49.1%) | 0.745 |
(N = 166) | Male | 28 (48.3%) | 30 (51.7%) | |
Medical history of TMJ (N = 166) | Yes and Same | 15 (51.7%) | 14 (48.3%) | 0.978 |
Yes and Difference | 22 (50%) | 22 (50%) | ||
No | 46 (49.5%) | 47 (50.5%) | ||
TMD treatment | Yes | 19 (51.4%) | 18 (48.6%) | 0.852 |
(N = 166) | No | 64 (49.6%) | 65 (50.4%) | |
Systemic history | Yes | 21 (48.8%) | 22 (51.2%) | 0.859 |
(N = 166) | No | 62 (50.4%) | 61 (49.6%) | |
Head and neck injury | Yes | 14 (42.4%) | 19 (57.6%) | 0.331 |
(N = 166) | No | 69 (51.9%) | 64 (48.1%) | |
Orthodontic treatment | Yes | 6 (40%) | 9 (60%) | 0.417 |
(N = 166) | No | 77 (51%) | 74 (49%) | |
Chewing side (N = 166) | Both side | 33 (47.8%) | 36 (52.2%) | 0.594 |
Right side | 22 (46.8%) | 25 (53.2%) | ||
Left side | 28 (56%) | 22 (44%) | ||
Nervous person | Yes | 48 (50%) | 48 (50%) | 1.000 |
(N = 166) | No | 35 (50%) | 35 (50%) | |
Desk work and recreation | Yes | 42 (51.9%) | 39 (48.1%) | 0.641 |
(N = 166) | No | 41 (48.2%) | 44 (51.8%) |
(1) | Habit | N | Odds Ratio | 95% Confidence Interval | p–Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pain in jaw joint | SB | 841 | 1.051 | 0.776–1.425 | 0.746 |
DC | 1228 | 1.372 | 1.063–1.770 | 0.015 | |
CH | 935 | 0.954 | 0.715–1.272 | 0.749 | |
FD | 623 | 1.186 | 0.836–1.683 | 0.339 | |
BP | 1269 | 0.890 | 0.695–1.139 | 0.354 | |
Masticatory muscular pain/fatigue | SB | 829 | 1.523 | 1.074–2.159 | 0.018 |
DC | 1209 | 1.477 | 1.100–1.982 | 0.009 | |
CH | 908 | 1.127 | 0.782–1.623 | 0.521 | |
FD | 608 | 0.824 | 0.535–1.269 | 0.378 | |
BP | 1240 | 1.306 | 0.972–1.754 | 0.076 | |
Hard to open mouth | SB | 829 | 0.781 | 0.594–1.027 | 0.077 |
DC | 1214 | 1.023 | 0.816–1.282 | 0.847 | |
CH | 913 | 1.045 | 0.804–1.357 | 0.742 | |
FD | 610 | 1.238 | 0.900–1.703 | 0.189 | |
BP | 1248 | 0.880 | 0.704–1.100 | 0.261 | |
Clicking/popping in jaw | SB | 852 | 0.823 | 0.620–1.092 | 0.176 |
DC | 1244 | 0.877 | 0.696–1.104 | 0.176 | |
CH | 938 | 0.902 | 0.691–1.178 | 0.448 | |
FD | 638 | 1.357 | 0.978–1.883 | 0.068 | |
BP | 1291 | 1.169 | 0.930–1.469 | 0.180 | |
Headache/shoulder stiffness | SB | 824 | 1.218 | 0.926–1.602 | 0.159 |
DC | 1206 | 1.509 | 1.203–1.894 | <0.001 | |
CH | 908 | 0.948 | 0.730–1.229 | 0.685 | |
FD | 606 | 1.169 | 0.850–1.610 | 0.337 | |
BP | 1238 | 1.599 | 1.278–2.002 | <0.001 | |
Joint luxation | SB | 827 | 0.748 | 0.400–1.400 | 0.363 |
DC | 1206 | 0.739 | 0.424–1.288 | 0.285 | |
CH | 909 | 0.752 | 0.425–1.329 | 0.325 | |
FD | 606 | 1.386 | 0.696–2.761 | 0.352 | |
BP | 1237 | 0.870 | 0.520–1.457 | 0.596 | |
(1) | Targeted Habit | ||||
Habit | N | Yes (=Presence) | No (=Absence) | p–Value | |
Maximum Pain (VAS) | SB | 888 | 40.00 (11.50–56.50) | 40.00 (12.00–61.00) | 0.548 |
DC | 1291 | 41.50 (18.00–60.00) | 36.00 (9.00–55.00) | 0.003 | |
CH | 976 | 35.00 (13.00–55.00) | 42.00 (13.25–60.00) | 0.151 | |
FD | 671 | 35.00 (12.00–56.00) | 35.00 (10.00–55.00) | 0.769 | |
BP | 1346 | 40.00 (14.00–56.00) | 40.00 (14.00–58.00) | 0.616 | |
Daily Hindrance (VAS) | SB | 877 | 47.00 (20.00–62.00) | 45.00 (20.00–60.00) | 0.828 |
DC | 1282 | 49.00 (22.00–64.00) | 45.50 (19.00–56.00) | 0.010 | |
CH | 969 | 40.00 (18.00–55.25) | 47.00 (20.00–60.00) | 0.062 | |
FD | 670 | 42.00 (19.00–56.00) | 40.00 (18.50–58.00) | 0.887 | |
BP | 1336 | 49.00 (21.25–61.75) | 45.00 (20.00–57.00) | 0.078 | |
(2) | Habit | N | Odds Ratio | 95% Confidence Interval | p–Value |
Pain in jaw joint | SB | 149 | 0.844 | 0.375–1.901 | 0.683 |
DC | 355 | 1.281 | 0.792–2.073 | 0.312 | |
CH | 136 | 1.040 | 0.479–2.260 | 0.921 | |
FD | 99 | 1.531 | 0.661–3.547 | 0.319 | |
BP | 430 | 1.017 | 0.672–1.540 | 0.935 | |
Masticatory muscular pain/fatigue | SB | 142 | 1.810 | 0.727–4.504 | 0.198 |
DC | 342 | 1.466 | 0.850–2.526 | 0.167 | |
CH | 131 | 0.395 | 0.097–1.598 | 0.180 | |
FD | 96 | 1.955 | 0.459–8.318 | 0.358 | |
BP | 416 | 1.618 | 0.913–2.866 | 0.097 | |
Hard to open mouth | SB | 145 | 0.698 | 0.363–1.342 | 0.281 |
DC | 344 | 0.901 | 0.589–1.379 | 0.632 | |
CH | 133 | 1.092 | 0.551–2.165 | 0.801 | |
FD | 96 | 1.635 | 0.711–3.758 | 0.246 | |
BP | 420 | 0.975 | 0.664–1.432 | 0.897 | |
Clicking/popping in jaw | SB | 152 | 0.820 | 0.429–1.568 | 0.549 |
DC | 356 | 0.732 | 0.479–1.119 | 0.149 | |
CH | 140 | 0.530 | 0.270–1.041 | 0.064 | |
FD | 106 | 0.659 | 0.295–1.473 | 0.308 | |
BP | 444 | 1.052 | 0.714–1.551 | 0.798 | |
Headache/shoulder stiffness | SB | 142 | 1.474 | 0.758–2.867 | 0.252 |
DC | 342 | 1.060 | 0.692–1.624 | 0.790 | |
CH | 131 | 0.914 | 0.450–1.856 | 0.804 | |
FD | 96 | 1.497 | 0.650–3.446 | 0.342 | |
BP | 418 | 1.713 | 1.160–2.532 | 0.007 | |
Joint luxation | SB | 143 | 0.250 | 0.027–2.294 | 0.187 |
DC | 342 | 0.347 | 0.090–1.330 | 0.107 | |
CH | 131 | 0.774 | 0.198–3.022 | 0.712 | |
FD | 97 | 0.285 | 0.054–1.488 | 0.117 | |
BP | 416 | 0.532 | 0.218–1.297 | 0.159 | |
(2) | Targeted Habit | ||||
Habit | N | Yes (=Presence) | No (=Absence) | p–Value | |
Maximum Pain (VAS) | SB | 162 | 29.50 (8.00–53.50) | 34.00 (5.00–54.75) | 0.916 |
DC | 376 | 42.00 (17.50–61.00) | 35.00 (10.00–55.00) | 0.068 | |
CH | 144 | 30.00 (12.50–51.50) | 35.00 (3.00–53.00) | 0.997 | |
FD | 105 | 35.00 (12.25–58.00) | 23.00 (0.00–53.00) | 0.110 | |
BP | 461 | 46.00 (13.50–60.75) | 35.00 (5.00–58.50) | 0.073 | |
Daily Hindrance (VAS) | SB | 158 | 45.00 (19.00–52.00) | 48.50 (19.75–58.00) | 0.382 |
DC | 372 | 45.50 (20.00–63.00) | 46.00 (15.50–60.00) | 0.313 | |
CH | 145 | 37.00 (12.50–50.00) | 39.00 (14.00–51.50) | 0.698 | |
FD | 107 | 45.00 (25.00–53.00) | 39.00 (14.25–53.75) | 0.352 | |
BP | 459 | 50.00 (23.50–59.50) | 38.50 (13.00–56.25) | 0.007 |
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Abe, S.; Kawano, F.; Matsuka, Y.; Masuda, T.; Okawa, T.; Tanaka, E. Relationship between Oral Parafunctional and Postural Habits and the Symptoms of Temporomandibular Disorders: A Survey-Based Cross-Sectional Cohort Study Using Propensity Score Matching Analysis. J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11, 6396. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11216396
Abe S, Kawano F, Matsuka Y, Masuda T, Okawa T, Tanaka E. Relationship between Oral Parafunctional and Postural Habits and the Symptoms of Temporomandibular Disorders: A Survey-Based Cross-Sectional Cohort Study Using Propensity Score Matching Analysis. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2022; 11(21):6396. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11216396
Chicago/Turabian StyleAbe, Susumu, Fumiaki Kawano, Yoshizo Matsuka, Taeko Masuda, Toshinori Okawa, and Eiji Tanaka. 2022. "Relationship between Oral Parafunctional and Postural Habits and the Symptoms of Temporomandibular Disorders: A Survey-Based Cross-Sectional Cohort Study Using Propensity Score Matching Analysis" Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 21: 6396. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11216396