Antioxidative Properties of Melanins and Ommochromes from Black Soldier Fly Hermetia illucens
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Isolation of Melanin From BSF
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- homogenization of thawed biomass in a mixer (laboratory disperser HG-202, Vilitek, Moscow, Russia);
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- extraction of water-soluble melanin using 10% NaOH in a weight/volume ratio of 1:4 at room temperature for 16 h;
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- filtering the alkaline extract through a paper filter (ash less filter paper White Ribbon, Moscow, Russia);
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- precipitation of water-soluble melanin from the extract by acidifying it to pH 2.0 by concentrated hydrochloric acid. The precipitate was washed with distilled water to neutral pH, followed by centrifugation at least 3 times, and then dried at 70 °C to constant weight (water-soluble melanin WSM).
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- homogenization of thawed biomass in a mixer;
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- acid hydrolysis of biomass with sulfuric acid. For this, 20 g of homogenized biomass of the flies was mixed with 150 mL of 25% sulfuric acid and boiled at reflux for 3 h;
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- the hydrolysate was cooled to 40 °C and filtered on a Buchner funnel with a water-jet pump, then washed with distilled water. After drying in a desiccator (Medsteclo, Klin, Russia), a black, oily to the touch powder was obtained. The mass of this powder was 5.8 g, which corresponds to a yield approximately 28% (AHM preparation).
2.2. Isolation of BSF Ommochromes
2.3. The Measurements of Antiradical and Antioxidant Activities
2.4. The Measurements of Sorption Capacity of Melanins
2.5. Oxidative Destruction of Pigments
2.6. ESR Spectroscopy
2.7. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
4. Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Melanin Sample | The Concentration of Paramagnetic Centers, 1017 spin/g Dry Weight | g-Factor | ∆Hpp |
---|---|---|---|
WSM | 3.4 ± 0.6 | 2.0038 | 6.2 |
DL-WSM | 4.4 ± 0.7 | 2.0040 | 6.0 |
AHM | 15.0 ± 1.7 | 2.0037 | 5.5 |
DL-AHM | 26.0 ± 2.4 | 2.0037 | 5.5 |
DOPA-melanin | 51.0 ± 3.5 | 2.0027 | 4.8 |
Melanin Samples | Antiradical Activity, μM Ascorbate | Maximum Binding of Methylene Blue (MB), mg MB/g Dry Weight |
---|---|---|
WSM | 180 ± 16 | - |
DL-WSM | 250 ± 19 | 390 ± 43 |
AHM | 18.0 ± 3.5 | - |
DL-AHM | 32.0 ± 5.0 | 180 ± 17 |
DOPA-melanin | 6000 ± 460 | 360 ± 45 |
Sample | The Concentration of Paramagnetic Centers, 1017 Spin/g Dry Weight | g-Factor | ∆Hpp |
---|---|---|---|
Suspension of ommochromes in 0.1 M K-phosphate buffer | 16.0 ± 2.4 | 2.0045 | 13.2 |
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Ushakova, N.; Dontsov, A.; Sakina, N.; Bastrakov, A.; Ostrovsky, M. Antioxidative Properties of Melanins and Ommochromes from Black Soldier Fly Hermetia illucens. Biomolecules 2019, 9, 408. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom9090408
Ushakova N, Dontsov A, Sakina N, Bastrakov A, Ostrovsky M. Antioxidative Properties of Melanins and Ommochromes from Black Soldier Fly Hermetia illucens. Biomolecules. 2019; 9(9):408. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom9090408
Chicago/Turabian StyleUshakova, Nina, Alexander Dontsov, Natalia Sakina, Alexander Bastrakov, and Mikhail Ostrovsky. 2019. "Antioxidative Properties of Melanins and Ommochromes from Black Soldier Fly Hermetia illucens" Biomolecules 9, no. 9: 408. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom9090408