Aflatoxin B 1 residues in imported and local broiler , s breast and thigh muscle in Kurdistan region

Residues of Aflatoxins and their metabolites might be present in meat and other products of animals receiving Aflatoxin contaminated feeds which could subsequently create health problems in man. Eighty nine imported (Iran/Khosh pokht); (Turkey/Yam-tapilic, Lades, Senplic, Kapidac, Kozoa, Oznesilpilic) and (Brazil, hilal, Sadia), and 90 locally produced (Hoshiar poultry farm, Nihad poultry farm, Hokar poultry farm, Mansoor poultry farm, AL-Shimal poultry house, Mardin poultry house and AL-Eetimad poultry slaughterhouse) broiler breast and thigh muscle samples were examined for residual Aflatoxin B1 using ELIZA test. Results revealed that out of 89 imported samples only 21 (23.59%) were positive, but only 2 (2.24%) were rejected, while the remaining 87 samples (97.75%) were acceptable. Concerning the local samples, results showed that 19 samples (21.11%) were positive, but 10 (11.11%) were rejected, while the remaining 80 samples (88.88%) were accepted. The public health importance of residual AFB1 in broiler meat samples was discussed.

The close human liver ca and the regula in many coun and total Af respectively in whilst, they are The objecti content of AF imported and market.east and thigh able 1.Out of (45%) were 1 and more), undetectable For detailed ted, 5 (50%) pb AFB 1 and (50%) were 5 ppb AFB 1 ).(40%) were B 1 and more) undetectable B 1 ).Nineteen less than the consumption breast sample sible level of 5 ppb AFB 1  The results for residual AFB 1 in local broiler breast and thigh muscle samples are shown in Table 2. Out of the total 90 samples, 19 (21.11%) were detectable (positive, containing 0.5 ppb AFB 1 and more), while the remaining 71 samples (78.88%) were undetectable (negative, containing less than 0.5 ppb AFB 1 ).For detailed results, out of 45 breast muscle samples tested, 9 samples (20.00%) were detectable (positive, containing 0.5 ppb AFB 1 and more) while the remaining 36 samples (80.00%) were undetectable (negative, containing less than 0.5 ppb AFB1).Out of 45 thigh muscle samples tested, 10 samples (22.22%) were detectable (positive, containing 0.5 ppb AFB 1 and more) while the remaining 35 samples (77.77%) were undetectable (negative, containing less than 0.5 ppb AFB 1 ).Eighty (88.88%) of breast and thigh muscle samples contained less than 5 ppb according to USA regulations regarding the permissible level of AFB 1 of foods intended for human consumption, while 10 (11.11%) were rejected, since they contained more than 5 ppb of the USA regulations.

Discussion
The detectable (positive, containing 0.5 ppb AFB 1 and more) percentages of residual AFB 1 in breast muscle samples were almost similar to those of the thigh muscle samples in the imported (Iran, Turkey and Brazil) and also in that local samples.The presence of detectable samples indicated that these birds from which tested samples were taken were subjected to AFs contamination in their diets through their rearing period.The overall percentages of detectable residual AFB 1 in imported and local breast and thigh samples were lower than those of undetectable (21 vs. 68%) and of (19% vs.71%) respectively.However, more rejectable samples were recorded in local breast and thigh samples (10 (11.11%)), compared to the imported samples (2 (2.24%)).These results indicated to the high health risk concern due to residual AFB 1 contamination in local samples compared to that of imported ones.It should be stressed here that most of the original AFB 1 consumed by the birds has already been converted in their livers to many other metabolites especially AFM 1 (2) which need another work concentrated on the estimation of residual AFM 1 in breast and thigh muscle in addition to its presence in liver, since the residual level of AFM 1 in muscles and liver is always higher than that of AFB 1 (3).
From the above tested samples, especially of the local ones, they contained more than 5 ppb residual AFB 1 and some reached 15.2456 ppb AFB 1 , making them unfit for human consumption.(4,5).
Addition of detoxifying agents or adsorbents (5) to poultry feeds are of urgent demands as an effective means for reducing residual Aflatoxins and other mycotoxins in poultry carcasses and subsequently in reduction of the consumers health problems through the food chain.

Table 2 :
Percentage of positive accepted and rejected breast and thigh muscle local samples

Table 1 :
Percentage of positive accepted and rejected breast and thigh muscle imported samples