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Study of electrical conductivity of collagen I, chitosan and blends supported on carbon fibers for biomedical applications

Eduardo Arruda1, Jossano Marcuzzo2, 3, João D. Oliveira Ventura4, Jose Tiago Teixeira Cardoso4, Catarina Jose Loureiro Da Silva Dias4, Marisa Masumi Beppu5, Fernando Jorge Mendes Monteiro6, 7 and Giovana M. Genevro5
  • 1 UFGD, FACET-Química, Brazil
  • 2 FATEC - SJC, Faculdades de Tecnologia de São Paulo, Brazil
  • 3 INPE, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais - INPE, Brazil
  • 4 UP, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto - FCUP, Portugal
  • 5 UNICAMP, Faculdade de Engenharia Quimica - FEQ, Brazil
  • 6 UP, Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto - FEUP, Portugal
  • 7 UP, Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica-INEB/i3S, Portugal

Introduction: Non-activated Carbon Fibers (NACF) and Activated (ACF) can be used as conductive supports for scaffolds with collagen I, chitosan and their blends for biomedical applications. Carbon fibers have interesting multifunctional characteristics, as: (i) self-supporting structures, (ii) electrical conductivity associated with surface composition, (iii) filament shape and (iv) high porosity.

Materials and Methods: NACF and ACF were prepared by Marcuzzo method [1] by thermal processes in controlled atmosphere from PAN (polyacrylonitrile). Briefly, PAN fiber was turned into fiber felts by oxidation, carbonization and activation processes. We used 3D arranged carbon fibers that turn this material into a conductivity scaffold [2]. Fibers size and graphitic domains (microcrystallites) enable multiple applications. The electrical characteristics of carbon fibers felt were determined before and after the impregnation of collagen I, chitosan and blends of 2.5% acetic solutions in the proportions from 1:4, to 3:1 (w/w) to analyse the biological activity, adhesion, growth and proliferation of cardiac, neuronal and osteogenic cells by electrical conduction and/or electrical stimulation.

Results: Resistivity (conductivity) was measured using the Van der Pauw method [3] with fixed electrodes at the samples perimeter. Electrical measurements were performed for samples after impregnation coating process on the NACF fibers (Fig. 1).

Fig. 1. SEM micrographs A) NACF 250x, B) ACF 250x, C) NACF:Collagen I 250x, D) NACF:Chitosan 250x, E) NACF:Collagen I:Chitosan (1:1) 250x and F) NACF:Collagen I:Chitosan (3:1) 250x

The conductivities were: NACF 1,91E-03 Ω.m (5.23 S cm-1); ACF 2,06E-03 Ω.m (4.86 S cm-1); NACF:Collagen I 1,82E-03 Ω.m (5.49 S cm-1); NACF:Chitosan 1,85E-03 Ω.m (5.40 S cm-1); Collagen I:Chitosan:NACF (1:1) 2,03E-03 Ω.m (4.92 S cm-1); (1:2) 1,80E-03 Ω.m (5.56 S cm-1); (1:3) 1,68E-03 Ω.m (5.94 S cm-1); (1:4) 1,57E-03 Ω.m (6.36 S cm-1); (2:1) 1.79E-03 Ω.m (5.60 S cm-1) and (3:1) 1.81E-03 Ω.m (5.54 S cm-1). The elemental composition found by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) were: NACF (C 95.87%, O 2.80%, N 1.20%), ACF (C 97.54%, O 1.90%, N 0.56%) and for 1:1 blend (C 78.00%, O 16.84%, N 5.15%).

Conclusion: The results show the influence of polymers and their blends in the conductivity of NACF fiber  used as graphitic conductive framework to produce scaffolds by impregnation or deposition. These  fibers may be used as a biomaterial for the induction of growth and/or cell differentiation, regenerative processes involving cell communication and/or for induction of growth/cell differentiation by electrostimulation.

CAPES/FCT; FEQ/UNICAMP; FEUP; INEB; FCUP/Física; INPE; FAPESP; FATECSP; CNPq

References:
[1] J.S Marcuzzo; C. Otani.; H.A Polidoro; S. Otani. Influence of thermal treatment on porosity formation on carbon fiber from textile PAN. Mat. Research. 16, 136-144, 2012.
[2] A.L Efros, BI Shklovskii. Coulomb gap and low temperature conductivity of disordered systems. J. Phys. C: Solid State Phys. 8,4 L49, 1975. doi:10.1088/0022-3719/8/4/003
[3] L.J Van der Pauw. A method of measuring the resistivity and Hall coefficient on lamellae of arbitrary shape (PDF). Philips Technical Review 20, 220–224, 1958. Available from: http://electron.mit.edu/~gsteele/vanderpauw/vanderpauw.pdf

Keywords: Biomimetic, Tissue Regeneration, 3D scaffold, bioactive interface

Conference: 10th World Biomaterials Congress, Montréal, Canada, 17 May - 22 May, 2016.

Presentation Type: Poster

Topic: Self-healing biomaterials

Citation: Arruda E, Marcuzzo J, Oliveira Ventura JD, Cardoso J, Dias C, Beppu M, Monteiro F and Genevro GM (2016). Study of electrical conductivity of collagen I, chitosan and blends supported on carbon fibers for biomedical applications. Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol. Conference Abstract: 10th World Biomaterials Congress. doi: 10.3389/conf.FBIOE.2016.01.02406

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Received: 27 Mar 2016; Published Online: 30 Mar 2016.