The development of technologies for creating various types of solid-state detectors for optical astronomy is reviewed. The principles of designing astronomical photodetecting systems with large-format sensors based on charge-coupled device (CCD) and complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) structures are analyzed. Examples of the most advanced projects to which they have been applied are given. The history of the creation of optical detectors for telescopes operated in Russia is described, and a brief description and characteristics of the developed systems are presented. The results of testing in real research are displayed. The prospects for creating large-format systems based on CCD and CMOS detectors manufactured in Russia and abroad are discussed.