STUDY OF SUFI MAQĀMĀT ON THE INDONESIAN TAFSIR WEBSITE: A STUDY OF THE TANWIR.ID AND TAFSIRALQURAN.ID WEBSITES

: This study aims to analyze maqamat studies on two well-known commentary websites in Indonesia, namely Tafsiralquran .id and Tanwir .id. The research was carried out using the method of comparative analysis, involving the collection of data from the two websites. In the early stages, the researcher explored and selected materials related to maqamat studies. Then, the collected data is analyzed qualitatively, taking into account the use of maqamat, related explanations and interpretations, as well as differences or similarities between the two. The research model that the author uses uses a Library research methodology. Namely research that is descriptive in nature and compiles data in the form of verbal narratives, not with numbers and tends to be narrative. In conclusion, this study shows the difference in approach between Tafsiralquran .id and Tanwir .id in presenting maq ā m ā t studies. Tafsiralquran .id prioritizes a traditional approach by referring to classical interpretations, while Tanwir .id takes a more contemporary approach by paying attention to the context and current issues. These findings provide valuable insights for web interpreters in selecting sources that suit their needs and preferences.


Introduction
Studies in the study of the Qur'an interpretation need to pay more attention to the presence of various media, one of which is the presence of the Internet.Several academics have tried to discuss this matter, but the majority are trapped in interpretations in the digital world.Several interpretations of classical scholars are also available in digital form.Apart from that, interpretive studies in the era of the emergence of new media also mainly focus on social media in the form of Facebook and YouTube.The website needs to receive adequate research.When compared to Facebook and YouTube, websites are visited more often and are easier to access (Rifai, 2020).
With the presence of website-based tafsir of the Qur'an, Muslims in general and those studying the Qur'an or tafsir find it easy to access quality tafsir of the Qur'an without opening volumes of books.Among the web-based tafsir, such as TafsirQ.com,which was founded in 2015 and developed by "Javan Labs", Tafsirweb.com is a simple website that is still in the process of being developed to become the complete collection of the Qur'an tafsir in Indonesia, with the provision of complete interpretation of 30 Juz that can be selected easily (M.Z. Falah, 2020).
In Indonesia, websites discussing the science of the Qur'an and tafsir are Tafisiralquran.idand Tanwir.id.Both exist and are in great demand by readers, both students and academics.The Tafsiralquran.id website is affiliated with Nahdhatul Ulama (NU) while Tanwir.id is affiliated with Muhammadiyah.The Tafsiralquran.id website has the tagline "Sampaikan Walau Satu Ayat" pioneered by the Center for Research and Islamic Studies (CRIS) Foundation in collaboration with the El-Bukhari Institute, while Tanwir.id is an Islamic media that focuses on promoting progressive and contextual interpretation, with the slogan "Kanal Tafsir Berkemajuan", by presenting content as a response to the rise of rigid and conservative religious interpretations which make religion something far from reality (Fikriyati, 2022).In the current technological era, interpretation of the Qur'an comes in various models and forms whose existence can be traced.First, the exegetical literature on the Qur'an appears in PDF (Portable Document Format) form, one type of file often used, and a file form that does not need to be installed, also in the form of an E-book and a website that can be used to access several interpretations of the Koran.Then secondly, it is in the form of video, audio, and visualization of interpretation.Audio is a term for heard media, such as radio, telephone, etc.Meanwhile, visuals are a medium of view or vision in images and the like.Therefore, audio-visual combines the two: television, video, and the like.You can find many interpretive videos on social media, such as Instagram, YouTube, and Facebook.There are at least two forms, namely, starting from a lecturer or a study of interpretations that refer to certain tafsir books carried out by ustadz in the real world, then uploaded to various social media or often broadcast live/live streaming, and then there is a verse from the Qur'an aired in narrative form using audio-visual media.
Moreover thirdly, visualization of interpretations into images, namely how Qur'an verses are turned into narratives into images that are considered relevant to the message contained in the verse.There are two separate components: the text of the Qur'an verses and images.These images can be in animations, cartoons, and the like.The two are then combined by writing or pasting text (M.F. Mubarok & Muhamad Fanji Romdhoni, 2021).
The researcher wants to focus on the Tafsiralquran.id and Tanwir.id in this study.idwebsites for further research to study the interpretation of maqāmāt verses.Based on this background, the researcher chose the title: "Study of Sufi Maqāmāt on The Indonesian Tafsir Website: A Study Of The Tanwir.Id And Tafsiralquran.Id Websites".This research theme has been widely researched and studied in various versions, starting from learning the Qur'an to Volume 4. Nomor 1, December 2023 social media interpretation, as written by Wildan Imamuddin with the research title "Facebook Sebagai Media Baru Tafsir Al-Quran Di Indonesia (Studi Atas Penafsiran Al-Qur'an Salman Harun)".In his research, Imamuddin analyzed Salman Harun's Al-Qur'an interpretation product with Facebook as the medium, focusing on two languages, namely the nuanced aspect of Indonesian interpretation, which is inherent in Salman Harun, and the second aspect of the novelty of the discourse, which is the essential character of social media (Muhammad, 2017).Ulya Fikriyati conducted similar research titled "Pengarusutamaan Islam Moderat Melalui Penafsiran Al-Qur'an di Media Sosial Indonesia".In this research, Fikriyati photographed social media interpretations, Tafsiralquran.id and Quranreview, from a communication science perspective.Apart from that, there was research conducted by Muhamad Fajar Mubarok and Muhamad Fanji Romdhoni titled "Digitalisasi Al-Qur'an dan Tafsir Sosial Media di Indonesia".In their research, Mubarok and Romadhoni formulated how to digitize the Qur'an and its interpretation in Indonesia, which ultimately resulted in the conclusion that (1) the -Qur'an mushaf, which, if you touch it in its etiquette requires ablution, after becoming software, loses its sacredness and (2) anyone can interpret the Qur'an on social media.As a result, the interpretation of the Qur'an on social media becomes unclear because it is not only people who have studied religion for decades who interpret the Qur'an, but also people who are just learning about religion on social media (M.F. Mubarok & Muhamad Fanji Romdhoni, 2021).
In 2022, there will be several more focused studies, namely research by Abdullah Falahul Mubarok and Yoga Irama titled "Islam dan Media Massa: Pengarusutamaan Moderasi Islam Pada Situs Tafsiralquran.id".In their research, Mubarok and Irama concluded that the model of mainstreaming Islamic moderation in Tafsiralquran.id uses a short article content format that discusses the terms of moderation and an Islamic model that is Volume 4, Nomor 1, December 2023 proportional, tolerant, and far from aspects of violence (A.F. Mubarok & Irama, 2022).Also, research by Norma Azmi Farida and Zainal Abidin titled "Suara Moderasi Islam Dari Tafsir Digital: Analisis Tafsiralquran.Id melalui Escape from Echo Chamber".The final result: Farida and Abidin said that the Escape from Echo Chamber movement was interpreted as Tafsiralquran.id'seffort to socialize moderate digital interpretation naturally through visits to educational institutions or religious festivals typical of young people (Farida, 2021).
Of the several studies above, no one has touched on the research's theme and focus on the maqāmāt on the Tafsiralquran.id and Tanwir.idwebsites.For this reason, this research is worth carrying out with a novelty value that has never been researched by anyone else.
As a methodological step, this research uses the library research method, namely research carried out by collecting data from several pieces of information related to the theme being studied.So, in this case, the researcher collected data from the websites Tanwir.id and Tafsiralquran.id as the primary reference and books, theses, journals, or related literature as support for this research, which helped in completing this research.For data collection, the author used literature reviews and online reviews.The first is literature-based, namely collecting data to support the research flow to become material for research analysis.Second, based on online media, namely searching for data related to the theme of Sufi interpretation in scientific journals and online websites to support research analysis.

Terminology of Sufi Tafsir and Maqāmāt
According to al-Dzahabī, Sufi interpretation is the interpretation of two types of Sufism, namely naz} arī and amalī (Al-Dhahabi, 2007).Each of the two influences interpreting the Qur'an so that a Sufistic interpretation is formed.Meanwhile, Volume 4. Nomor 1, December 2023 according to Quraish Shihab, Sufi tafsir is a commentary by Sufis (Shihab, 1998).According to al-Zarqani, Sufi interpretation is an attempt to interpret the Qur'an, which is different from its z} ahir of hidden signs which are only visible to suluk experts and Sufism experts and allows for a combination of hidden meanings (bāt} in) and visible meaning (z} āhir) (Al-Zarqani, 1995).From the definitions above, it can be concluded that Sufi tafsir is the interpretation of Qur'an verses carried out by Sufi people based on aspects of Sufism, which aims to explore the inner meanings of the Qur'an.
Meanwhile, etymologically, maqāmāt is the plural of maqām and comes from Arabic, meaning a place where people stand or a noble base.Used to mean the long path a Sufi must take to be close to Allah.As for terms, according to al-Qushairī, maqāmāt is a term from the Sufistic world that indicates the meaning of an ethical value that will be fought for and realized by a sālik through several levels of mujāhadah in stages, from one level of inner practice to the achievement of the next level of maqām through practice.Mainly, it is an achievement of the authenticity of life through tireless search, the severity of the conditions, and the burden of obligations that must be fulfilled (Maula, 2022;Maulana, 2019).
Meanwhile, according to al-T{ ūsī, maqāmāt is the position of a servant before Allah, which is obtained through hard work in worship, seriousness in fighting lust, spiritual exercises, and surrendering one's whole body and soul solely to serve Him (Asnawiyah, 2014).

About Tanwir.id
The Tanwir.id website is an Islamic media focusing on progressive and contextual tafsir studies.With the slogan "Kanal Tafsir Berkemajuan" this media presents content as a response to the rise of rigid and conservative religious interpretations, which actually make religion something far from a reality phenomenon.
With this slogan, Tanwir.idwants to come up with a down-to-earth religious interpretation while responding to the challenges of the times.The media, which will be active starting in 2020, has the following five characteristics: (1) Tafsir of the Qur'an which prioritizes the "principle of progress" and the latest scientific developments to expand understanding of religion; (2) Tafsir of the Qur'an which sows the seeds of truth, goodness, peace, justice, benefit, prosperity and the primacy of life for all mankind; (3) Tafsir of the Qur'an that upholds the glory of humans (men and women) without discrimination; (4) Tafsir of the Qur'an which fights for anti-war, anti-terrorism, anti-violence, anti-oppression, anti-backwardness and anti-all forms of destruction on earth; and (5) Tafsir of the Qur'an that upholds noble character to accommodate the diversity of religions, ethnicities, races, groups, languages and cultures of mankind (Tanwir.id,2022).
This community, which is not part of intra-campus, operates in the field of student development and empowerment.The program includes Several activities, such as literature studies (book reviews and reciting the Kitab Kuning), fieldwork, community education, and other academic training.Meanwhile, the El-Bukhari Institute is a foundation that actively campaigns for Volume 4. Nomor 1, December 2023 moderate Islam through the hadiths of the Prophet PBUH.The activities carried out by the El-Bukhari Institute include conducting studies, research, training, and publications related to the hadith of the Prophet to introduce the public to the urgency of the hadith and how to practice it in the current context (Farida, 2021;Miftahuddin et al., 2020;A. F. Mubarok & Irama, 2022).
Tafsiralquran.id is a media portal that allows anyone to submit their writing.Writers are also free to write anything within the scope of existing features and channels (except for features of the Al-Qur'an and its translations, which the editors specifically present).Some of the main features on Tafsiralquran.id are Tafsir tematik, Khazanah, Ulumul Quran, Cari Ayat, serta Al-Qur'an dan Terjemahnya.The Tafsir Tematik feature is divided into several channels, namely Tafsir Ahkam, Tafsir Ekologi, Tafsir Isyārī, Tafsir Kebangsaan, Tafsir Tarbawi, and Tafsir Tematik Surah.Then, the Khazanah feature is divided into several channels, such as Dialog, Doa Al-Qur'an, Mushaf Al-Qur'an, and Tradisi Al-Qur'an.Meanwhile, the Ulumul Quran feature only has an Kolom Pakar channel.Tafsir Ahkam Channel is a channel that accommodates various interpretation articles reviewed from a legal or jurisprudential perspective.Some examples of articles are articles with the title: "Tafsir Ahkam: Pingsan dan Mabuk Juga Membatalkan Wudu" (Nasif, 2021), "Surah Al-Baqarah Ayat 221: Hukum Nikah Beda Agama" (Qorib, 2021a), "Tafsir Surah Al-Taubah Ayat 28: Benarkah Non-Muslim Dilarang Masuk Masjid?" (Qorib, 2021b), and many more.

Maqām Taubat (Repentance)
In the teachings of Sufism, the concept of repentance is interpreted in various ways, including the difference between repentance in ordinary Shari'a and the level of repentance in Sufism, between the repentance of ordinary people and the Volume 4. Nomor 1, December 2023 repentance of khawas people.There are several articles on the Tafsiralquran.id and Tanwir.idwebsites that discuss repentance, including; "Tafsir Surah Al-Baqarah Ayat 160: Dosa dan Cara Taubatnya Orang Alim", written by Fahmi Azhar (Azhar, 2021).The author summarizes the contents of QS.Al-Baqarah [2]: 160, which invites humans to repent to Allah and ask forgiveness for the sins they have committed, by quoting one of the verses of the Qur'an: "Except those who repent and amend and make manifest (the truth).These it is toward whom I relent.I am the Relenting, the Merciful" (QS.Al-Baqarah [2]: 160).
In Mu'jam al-Mufahras Li Alfaz} al-Qur'ān al-Karīm, the word repentance, and its derivations are known to be repeated approximately 27 times in 27 surahs (Baqi, 1945).Azhar's article continues by explaining sin and repentance and why pious people need repentance more than lay people by quoting the words of Gus Baha' when delivering a lecture, and from the tafsir of Al-T{ abarī and Al-Qurt} ubī: "As Al -T{ abarī, that this verse relates to Allah's condemnation of those who hide the truth, except those who want to repent.Meanwhile, the path he must take is to follow the values of the Koran brought by the Prophet, improve his behavior, and draw closer to Him by doing pious deeds" (Azhar, 2021).
There is no difference among Sufi scholars that repentance is the initial station that suluk must take to get closer to Allah.Repentance is something that must be done for every sin committed; if the sin is committed by a servant against his God which has nothing to do with fellow human beings, then there are three conditions for repentance, namely: (1) stop from the Volume 4. Nomor 1, December 2023 ‫تعال‬ ‫هللا‬ ‫عن‬ ‫يشغل‬ ‫ما‬ ‫ترك‬ ‫الزهد‬ "Asceticism means abandoning everything that can distract the heart from Allah".
According to Imam Ghazali, asceticism is not loving something and leaving it to another; whoever leaves this world and hates it then loves the afterlife is an ascetic person in this world.(Widayani, 2019).
Then, the following article on Tanwir.idhas the title "Minimalis: Kesederhanaan Hidup dalam Al-Qur'an" (Fatah, 2022).This article by Brother Abdul Fatah begins with the background because it is written due to the widespread phenomenon of the hedonistic in society, which is considered quite worrying, so the minimalist living could be the solution.Fatah explained by quoting a narration from Malik bin Dinar: "The Messenger of Allah never felt full from eating bread or full from eating meat, unless he was entertaining guests" (HR.Tirmidhi).From the explanation above, according to the article, minimalist living can be the key to moving towards asceticism with a way of life that is efficient, light, practical, and filled with simplicity and understanding of the concept of minimalist living, namely about what our needs are and what we want (Fatah, 2022).

Maqām Warā'
Warā' can be interpreted as being pious, abstaining from sinful acts, distancing oneself from things that are not halal or haram, and trying as hard as possible to live in search of something halal for fear of falling into things that are haram.This attitude of distancing oneself from doubts is in line with the hadith of the Prophet, which means: "Whoever is free from doubts, then indeed he is free from what is haram" (HR.Bukhari).
Sufis are cautious about doubtful things, especially those that are haram.According to Ibrahim bin Adham, "Wara' is Volume 4. Nomor 1, December 2023 Based on the explanation above, faqir means people who are in their homes and do not beg, while poor are those who go out to beg.According to Imam Shafi'ī, a faqir is a person who has insufficient means of livelihood, but does not beg, while a poor person is a person who has wealth but does not meet his needs and begs.

Maqām Sabr (Be Batient)
The next station that the Salik must attain is the station of patience.Maqam Sabar is a concept in Islam that refers to patience and fortitude in facing life's challenges, trials, tests.Maqam Sabar emphasizes the importance of being patient when facing all kinds of pleasant and difficult situations.In short, the station of patience is a concept in Islam that emphasizes the importance of patience in facing life's challenges, trials, and tests.This involves being patient in worship, facing trials and disasters, and living daily with courage and perseverance.
According to Ahmad Thib Raya, in his article published on Tafsiralquran.id with the title "Berikut ini Ciri Orang-Orang yang Sabar dalam Al-Quran" patience is an abstract trait, so it is difficult to determine which are the characteristics of patient people (Raya, 2021).In the article, it is mentioned in the Qur'an about the characteristics of patient people, in surah Al-Baqarah: 155-157:: Volume 4. Nomor 1, December 2023 According to Imam Abū Qāsim al-Qushairī, a prominent Sufi figure, tawakkal is surrendering all matters to Allah.He also explained that surrendering to Allah means making Allah the Essence who decides the end of all matters experienced by a servant.Imam Qushairi also believes, quoting from Sahal bin Abdullah's opinion, that the beginning of the degree of trust is when a servant feels surrender of all things to Allah, like a corpse in front of the person who is bathing it which can be turned and turned according to the wishes of the person who is bathing it.

Maqām Ridhā
After performing the state of tawakal, which is surrendering to Allah's and mercy and abandoning everything other than God, the next step must be followed immediately to reach the state of ridha.Maqam Ridha is the teaching of responding to and changing all forms of suffering, misery, and distress into joy and enjoyment.Regarding this, the articles on Tafsiralquran.id and Tanwir.idwhich discuss the maqam of Ridha, are in the article titled "Kata Ridha dan Penjelasannya dalam Al-Qur'an".This article, written by Faridah, discusses the word ridha.Firstly, explaining the word Ridha in the Al-Munawwir dictionary that the word Ridha comes from rad} iya-yard} a-rid} wānan, which means happy, willing, agreeing, and satisfied (Faridah, 2021).Meanwhile, in the Qur'an, the word Ridha and its derivations appear 73 times, for example, in the QS.Yūnus [10]: 7, Allah says: "Lo! those who expect not the meeting with Us but desire the life of the world and feel secure therein, and those who are neglectful of Our revelations" (QS.Yūnus [10]: 7).
In the commentary on Al-Misbah, it is explained that the phrase rad} ū bi al-haya al-dunya means the nature of someone satisfied with worldly life, so that all his time is spent in obtaining it, with this decision a servant will not think about the world, in contrast to true believers.Who considers that worldly life is not a perfect life but only a mortal life.In the Risālah al-Qushairiyah quoted from Imam Ruwaim as saying that pleasure, if Allah made hell hell on his right side, would never ask to be moved to his left side.

Conclusion
Tafsiralquran.id and Tanwir.idare the most accessible spaces to access various fields of information, especially in interpreting the Qur'an.Both in the national, social, Sufism, and other realms.The interpretations of Tafsiralquran.id and Tanwir.id,based on Sufism, try to explore the zahir and inner meanings of the verses they interpret.In interpreting maqāmāt verses, existing authors do not focus on mystical studies that are carried out based on spiritual practices or mujāhadah of a Sufi to reach a certain level, so it is not surprising that web interpretation of maqāmāt verses sometimes tends more towards The meaning of the z{ ahir verse is based on scientific principles and morals in general.
This research on maqāmāt certainly leaves many exciting things to study and research.Future researchers are expected to research similar topics, such as what is the experience and practice of maqāmāt among kiai, ulama, or society?What is the role of maqāmāt in forming al-akhlāq al-karīmah (good morals)?Bibliography Abdurrahman, M. F. (2022).Membaca Kunci Keberhasilan Dakwah Perspektif Ludwig Wittgenstein. Tanwir.Id.https://tanwir.id/membaca-kunci-keberhasilan-dakwah-

Table 1 .
The eighth channel is the Al-Qur'an, Sains & Alam channel.Some examples of articles Study of Sufi Maqāmāt on The Indonesian Tafsir Website: A Study of The Tanwir.id and Tanwir.idManagement Structure

Table 2 .
).The Paragraph Cari Ayat is a feature for searching articles via keywords.Meanwhile, Study of Sufi Maqāmāt on The Indonesian Tafsir Website: A Study of The Tanwir.id and Tafsiralquran.idWebsites 118 | Mushaf: Jurnal Tafsir Berwawasan Keindonesiaan Volume 4, Nomor 1, December 2023the Al-Qur'an & Terjemahnya contains all the verses of the Al-Qur'an, translations in Indonesian, English, and there is an audio murattal that can be played.The Tafsiralquran.id web management structure consists of 6 (six) structures, with the following details: Tafsiralquran.idManagement Structure