EXPLORING LINGUISTIC POLARITY DISPLAYED IN ALICE‟S “ADVENTURES IN WONDERLAND”: A SYSTEMIC FUNCTIONAL LINGUISTIC PERSPECTIVE

Short story is an interesting texts for promoting linguistic awareness and language acquisition, e.g. English young learners. It is important to introduce them with the linguistics features, e.g. subject-finite in their early ages of language learning especially in second and foreign languages. In respecting to the students character building, short stories are enriched of doctrines and philosophy which are fruitful for their psychological development, e.g. characters. Therefore, this study aims to analyze finites of linguistic polarity found in Alice’s Adventure in Wonderland. This is interesting as it leads to linguistics awareness. Adopting Bustam & Rayhan’s (2012) transitivity analysis model of Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) Approach, this exploratory research identified linguistic polarity of the attitudes of the story. The findings show that finite processes realize the polarity of attitudes utterances. Behavioral mental process are realized through finite to sharpen the attitudes in the story.


Introduction
English short story is important to promote character buildings of children in their early ages in their language class (Rozak, Sholihah, & Misdi, 2020). A short story ussualy has Research and Innovation in Language Learning Vol. 3(1) January 2020 p-ISSN 2614-5960, e-ISSN 2615-4137 33 a moral value that can be imitated by the target reader. As one of the short stories, "Alice's Adventures in Wonderland" has influential linguistic features relevant for children linguistic awareness, e.g. speaking contexts. In terms of speaking, utterances are realized in both positive and negative polarities. Following Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL), finite shows the polarity of the actor/ participants. The polarity can be known as positif or negatif.
Alice was begining to get very tired of sitting by her sister on the bank, and of having nothing to do, she had peeped into the book her sister was reading. "And what is the use of a book, without pictures or conversations?" From the example of Alice's words, the finite is "is" that shows polarity.

Results and Discussion
The story of Alice's Adventure in Wonderland consist of twelve subtitles. The writer selected eight titles of data because finites shows in the clauses are used repeatedly.
Finite is something that can be argued about (Halliday & Matthiessen, 2004). Finite is the verbal component of the Mood. From 120 data, finites that used are is, am, are, was, were, have, had, do, does, did, shall/ should, will/ would, must, ought to, can/ could, and may/ might. Some of finites with negative mark are no, hadn't, don't, doesn't, didn't, shan't, won't, wouldn't, can't, couldn't. The data can be seen on the table below. Wiratno (2018) explained that polarity shows by finite and polarity shows the actor positions or attitude. Halliday & Matthiessen (2004) said that the positive/ negative opposition is one that is fairly certain to be gramaticalized in every language. From the table, it can be conclude that the actor, in this case is Alice, has positive attitude or she has resolute determination.
Finite is showed as process in transitivity. Process expresses the ideational meaning (experiential meaning). According to Wiratno (2018), process represent the experience pattern. In this study, the writer found five prosesses of clause. They are Relational process (attribution, identivication, possession), Behavioral process (mental and verb), existential process, material process and mental process.

Relational process
Relational process is process of being, its is divided into attribution, identivication, possession and circumstance. The data example on relational process is below. The second example include on relational attribution process to, but the finite which found was positive. So the attitude of the actor (Alice) was positive when she said that clause. In the other hand she has strong attitude or character. Besides relational attribution process, the writer also find finite with relational identification process and relational possession process. Both data show positive polarity because of its finite, "was" and "ve (have)".

Behavioral process
Behavioral process shows the act of the participant. It almost same with the material and mental process. Behavioral process is material process in doing action and also verbal process. There is a behavier as the participant who do something and receiver. Here is the example of behavioral process.
Dinah "ll miss me very much tonight S Finite Predicator O C Behaver Behavioral process mental receiver From the example, finite is expressed by behavioral process mental. Finite "will" shows that the actor has positive polarity. Her attitude is strong or assertive.
Behavioral process is also find in other type, that is behavioral process verb. In this analysis, the example shows finite which is realized has positive polarity.

Existential process
Existential process shows the existence of thing. Existential process is like relational process. The difference is the participant of this process, called existence, placed after the process. But, sometimes, existence also placed in early clause. This is the example of existential process: "There are no mice in the air". Finite "are" shows the existence of the mice. The polarity is negative because there is negative mark on the finite. Beside the negative polarity, there are also the positive form of existential process which represent positive polarity.
There "s plenty of room finite O Existential process existence Finite "is" with the existence "plenty of room" realizes the positive polarity. The existence has assertive character.

Material process
Material process shows the process of doing or process of happening. It realizes by verb that shows physical act. The participant of this process is actor and the receiver. Some material processes happen without support other participant, so just the actor.

Mental process
Mental process is the process of sensing. Mental process explains about perception, kognition, afection, and pretension. There are senser and the phenomenon, as this sentence, Mental process Phenomenon "I"m sure". Finite "am" shows on mental process and realizes the positive polarity. The actor is known having good attitude, positive polarity.
I don"t think S Finite C Senser Mental process Phenomenon From the clause above, finite "don't" shows that the polarity is negative. It will influence the attitude of the actor. Finite is the component of process. Finite in process of clauses that found in data, then distribute on this table. The table shows that behavioral process mental is the biggest number. Existential process is the rare one. It meant that finite realizes psycology process and as the way to measure the polarity. Positive finite can mark that polarity of a clause is assertive.
Negative mark that shows in finite will influence the polarity. As Halliday & Matthiessen explain (2004), if the negative word is part of some element in the Residue, the clause itself maybe positive.
From the data, total item of finite with negative mark is 34 data and 86 data is finite in positive form. According to the data, the actor of the story (Alice) has assertive polarity.
The writer can conclude that Alice on the story has positive character and strong attitude. The polarity found from Alice's speaking shows that she is in certain condition whatever it is. Sort story reading is important to promote students' critical literacy at schools (Crook, 2019;Simmons, 2016) especially in the contexts of early education which is short story is relevant (Dermott, 2015).
As the final remark, most finites represent polarity is known as behavioral process mental. It means the act of mental can be the way to measure the character of the participant. As a part of the process, finite process helps readers to reveal the speakers' attitude. Alice's words on the dialogue mostly contains assertive behaviors. This is as an indication that she is not a weak girl. Yet, she is strong. Every event faces wihout fear.

Conclusions and Recommendation
Polarity is indicated by its finite to show the actor positions or attitude. To this, it concludes that Alice on the story has positive character and strong attitude. The polarity found from Alice's speaking shows that she is in certain condition whatever it is. Finite shows the process realizing the polarity of the actor's speaking. Most finites represent polarity known as behavioral process mental. From the findings, it suggests textual meaning and ideational, which are not explored within the analysis can be further investigated in the contexts of short stories.