Women’s Power and Stereotype Denial in Pocahontas Movie

The aim of this research is to explicate the women power around men and oppose the stereotype issues of woman who is better taking care than man who is better taking charge. In some cultures, woman is expected to be the caregivers, soft, weak, which are considered feminine attributes and man is expected to be the breadwinners, strong and powerful, which is seen as masculine traits. The object of this research is from Disney’s animation movie, Pocahontas. This movie shows the woman’s power by how the main character protected family and also society, moreover the stereotype denial also is seen by the main character in several extreme activities inside of the movie.


Introduction
Gender stereotype sets women basically should act feminine and not do masculine action.In fact, being feminine is not always identical with woman and masculine is not always identical with man.In Female Masculinity, Halberstam (1998 :7) stated that "It is crucial that masculinity does not belong to men, has not produced only by men and does not properly expressed male heterosexuality.What we call 'masculinity' has also been produced by masculine women".Based on this statement we can see that masculine characteristic is not only owned by a man but also by a woman.Essentially, masculinity and femininity are images which are constructed by society not based on sex.
This research entitled "The women's power and stereotype denial in Pocahontas movie".This research is going to deal with Pocahontas character in the movie.Pocahontas is a movie from Disney telling an Indian princess's life.She is the daughter of a chief from Indian's tribe in Virginia State.Pocahontas raised and lived by her father.In this movie gender issue can be found through Pocahontas as a woman.Inside of the movie tells how Pocahontas as a woman should follow her gender role but she does not follow it.Her father is asking her to follow his willingness to marry with the man namely Kocoom.Unfortunately Pocahontas does not love him.Pocahontas tells her father if she can choose her own path.She has a dream and does not let anybody to control her.This situation makes Pocahontas shows her power and denies her stereotype as a woman.She does it to show her capability in deciding her own life.However, the performance of Pocahontas denies her stereotype as a woman to get her freedom.According to Brewer in 2015 Simply put, gender stereotypes are generalizations about the roles of each gender.Gender roles are generally neither positive nor negative; they are simply inaccurate generalizations of the male and female attributes.Since each person has individual desires, thoughts, and feelings, regardless of their gender, these stereotypes are incredibly simplistic and do not at all describe the attributes of every person of each gender.
From Brewer we can see as a woman Pocahontas has a feeling and desire which is in choosing her own dream and path in life.Meanwhile, in her life, her father decides everything for Pocahontas.From the situation there will be an attempt for Pocahontas to deny her stereotype to take her freedom and independence.Therefore the research question is formulated into how the women power and stereotype denial is seen in the Pocahontas Movie.
Relevant research will help the researchers in finding result by adapting method and some concepts inside.They are SekarlangitUmastuti (2015) An Analysis of Gender Stereotypes and performativity in Brave Movie with the objective to identify gender stereotypes phenomena found in the movie and to reveal the masculine performances related to gender performance represented by the main female character.Second is Mou and Peng (2009)  This previous study aims to analyze when horror films attempt to portray female characters as the hero, this sends a message to audiences that women can be strong and independent.The fourth previous study is Graber (2006) Women, Gender and Attitudes Toward power: A Mixed Methods Approach by, she aims to explore the attitude expressed by women in executive leadership positions toward their legitimate power defined as the perceived right of an individual to exert influence over others as a result of a formal position of their power or societal norms.
According to Blum (2004) Stereotypes are false or misleading generalizations about groups held in a manner that renders them largely, though not entirely, immune to counterevidence.In doing so, stereotypes powerfully shape the stereotype's perception of stereotyped groups, seeing the stereotypic characteristics when they are not present, failing to see the contrary of• those characteristics when they are and generally homogenizing the group.A stereotype associates a certain characteristic with the stereotyped group for example; Blacks with being athletic-but may do so with a form of cognitive investment in that association that does not rise to the level of a belief in the generalization that Blacks are athletic.Of course, gender stereotypes are not just about personality.People also hold stereotypes about men's and women's physical traits (muscular, soft, hairy), social roles (provides, does house work), occupations (engineer, librarian), and sexuality (has high sex drive, sexually attracted to men.(Lippa,2005) Based on the explanation above, women seem having a lot of weak spots in living their roles as women assigned by their sex.It seems like they were born only to marry and breed.Their jobs are limited for they do not belong in Math, Physics, Chemistry or engineering kind of jobs.A woman is also forced by these roles to put her family's welfare before her own.She should be lovely, caring, compassionate, and nurturing as well as sympathetic.Unlike women, men are the ones to be competitive, courageous, independent, assertive, and careerfocused.What women know is only about how to find a responsible man play a role as breadwinner.
Cinematography approach will be important point to be put as the conceptual framework since the analysis of movies cannot be separated from it.According to Brown, Cinematography is the process of taking ideas, words, actions, emotional subtext, tone and all other forms of non-verbal communication and rendering them in visual terms (Brown,2011:11).While the issues taken are about women power and stereotype,gender study also is used to clarify the significance issues in society between men and women from their social roles and positions.Men are stereotyped as independent, agentic, and goal oriented; women are stereotyped as interdependent, communal, and oriented toward others (Eagly& Steffen, 1984;Spence &Helmreich, 1978 in Cuddy).
Simply put, gender stereotypes are generalizations about the roles of each gender.Gender roles are generally neither positive nor negative; they are simply inaccurate generalizations of the male and female attributes.Since each person has individual desires, thoughts, and feelings, regardless of their gender, these stereotypes are incredibly simplistic and do not at all describe the attributes of every person of each gender.(Brewere.2015)Thus, women should be communal, which means they should be warm, pleasant, care giving, gentle, modest, sensitive and affectionate.Men should be agented, which means they should be strong, forceful, aggressive, competent, competitive and independent.The Doctrine of Two Spheres is the belief that women's and men's interests diverge-women and men have their separate areas of influence (Lewin, 1984a) in Newsweek, 2000: 161.For women, the areas of influence are home and children, whereas men's sphere includes work and the outside world.A woman is also forced by these roles to put her family's welfare before her own.She should be lovely, caring, compassionate, and nurturing as well as sympathetic.Unlike women, men are the ones to be competitive, courageous, independent, assertive, and career-focused.

Method
The use of a qualitative approach is important since the data taken are from certain issues in a form of movie, According to Creswell (2003:18), A qualitative approach one in which the inquirer often makes knowledge claims based primarily on constructivist perspectives (i.e., the multiple meanings of individual experiences, meanings, socially and historical constructed, with an intent of developing a theory or pattern) or advocacy/ participatory perspectives (i.e., political, issue-oriented, collaborative, or change oriented) or both.

Findings and Discussion
This movie is telling the life of Indian's princess.She is a daughter of tribe chief.She lives in the rainforest of Virginia State.Pocahontas is forced by her father to marry with the man from her tribe.This aims to find the new chief to replace her father.Unfortunately, Pocahontas does not want to follow her father.Pocahontas believes in her dream.She does not want anybody decides her path even her father.Once, a colonizer from England comes to Powhatan.The colonizers come to Powhatan to find and earn the gold.In the group of colonizers there is a brave boy name John smith.John Smith is falling in love with Pocahontas because the beauty and the brave reflect in Pocahontas.The Problem comes when Pocahontas's father knowing it and decide to kill John Smith.At the end Pocahontas shows her power to protect the one sheloves.In this findingthe researchers analyze the women's power and stereotype denial performed by Pocahontas as the main character in the movie of Pocahontas.The researchers divided into two parts is table of sequence and analysis.

No
Minute Evidences : "She goes wherever winds take her" The first Analysis related to the Table sequence below is from this evidence when Kekata answers the question from Pocahontas's father.This situation happens when Pocahontas's father arrived in the village after visited other tribe in another land.Her father asks to Kekata about absence's of Pocahontas while, people are welcoming him.Kekata's statement already proved the personal traits of Pocahontas as a girl is free.She can go everywhere as she wants.This trait is done Pocahontas and proved by statement of Kekata.This evidence shows a woman's power of Pocahontas as an independent girl.thisanalysis also will deal with data 2. In the sequence 7, Pocahontas asks her father and forces him to not continue the war with colonizer.Pocahontas forces her father to follow her words.This evidence shows the power of Pocahontas as a woman has courage to talk to utter her willingness.It shows the power of woman to shut off the war.Pocahontas performs the masculinity as a leader to shut off the tension between two groups.As a result this evidence is heading to woman's power.The evidence in the sequence 12 shows the witness from Pocahontas father related to Pocahontas's performance in voicing to stop the war.In this part Pocahontas's father realizes about her daughter.Pocahontas asks her father to stop the war between them and colonizer.Pocahontas tells to her father if war is not solving any problem among them.Pocahontas also is voicing her feeling about the result of war later on.As a result her father agrees with her statement and he realizes that as a woman Pocahontas has brought them to the peace by her wisdom.: Pocahontas shows her protection toward her tribe and her love The next evidences are in the sequence 8 and 10.In these scenes Pocahontas performs her protection toward her tribe and her love.This evidence shows the situation when Pocahontas wants to protect her people.The women's power appears in Pocahontas because she wants to protect her people in Powattan.This action is done by Pocahontas when she stopped by Nakoma in her way to meet John Smith.Nakoma does not allow Pocahontas to go because she believes it is not good for her to meet the colonizer.However, Pocahontas thinks it is the best way to stop the war between her tribe and colonizer.Though Nakoma has stopped Pocahontas but, Pocahontas still go and meet colonizer to find the solution to turn off the tension between two groups.According to this situation Pocahontas has proven her position as woman to protect her people.
The next evidence is when she wants to protect her love which is john smith.This situation happens when Pocahontas wants to stop her father to kill John Smith.John smith is the colonizer from Europe that falling in love with Pocahontas.Pocahontas stops her father to not killing him.This action is showing the performance of women's power and bravery.She protects the one she loves and she does the action to make her father changes his mind.However, it is not as easy as that, her father asks Pocahontas to go and leave John smith.Pocahontas still does not want to leave John Smith.Pocahontas shouts out to her father if she loves John Smith.Based on this condition Pocahontas a woman shows her bravery to protect her love.She is persistent to her stance to stop her father killing John Smith.
As a result shows her power to protect John Smith.From these two evidences Pocahontas already showed her power as a protection because she sacrifices herself above her people and her love.In short the woman's power that can be adapted is her bravery and sacrifices as a protection from herself.
In short the performance of woman's power already seen in the Pocahontas movie.The data are from sequence 1, sequence 3, sequence 7 and 12, and also sequence 8 and 10.Those data are analyzed by the researcher to see the woman's power that is done by Pocahontas as stated in research question.This evidence shows the rejection from Pocahontas to follow her father command.From this condition as a woman stereotypically should follow the parent's decision but, Pocahontas does not.Pocahontas has different point of view about her destiny.She is not let her father decides for her.She believes she has a dream and she can do it.As a woman what Pocahontas does not represent women's stereotype.This action is showing her independence as a girl.As a result there is stereotype denial in term of personal traits.

Stereotype Denial in
This evidence also shows the rejection from Pocahontas about her father choice.Then Pocahontas believes what is in her dream is the right path for her.She wants her own freedom in deciding her life.Pocahontas shows the performance of rejection to defend her dream.In this circumstance again usually parents are decision maker for their daughter.In short Pocahontas does stereotype denial in term of personal traits.the time Nakoma waits on the kayak and Pocahontas is on the cliff.To get back to the kayak and see Nakoma, Pocahontas chooses to jump from the cliff to the river.This situation is showing her performance as stereotype denial.She also represents a masculinity because this performance belongs to masculinity.As the explanation in the previous chapter, masculinity also can appear in a woman.Here Pocahontas does an action of masculinity to express her happiness.
Data 7 c.Pocahontas does masculine performance Number Sequence 5 : 00 : 14 : 05 -00 : 14 : 20 Sequence Title : Pocahontas does kayaking in raging river She breaks the stereotype when she rows the kayak.She rows the boat in raging river.It is a dangerous action usually done by men but she does it.This action is done by Pocahontas without any purpose.The aim of this action is for releasing her emotion.The emotion is because she asked by her father to obey his command.In another hand Pocahontas thinks she can do anything without her father's command.To release that emotion she goes to the river and she does kayaking.The performance of Pocahontas is considered by the researcher as the stereotype denial.Since this action is very dangerous for woman kayaking in raging river.This evidence can be concluded as the masculine performance, because she can do performance same as like a man.In this evidence the performance that shows masculine action is when Pocahontas fights with Kocoum.This action is done by Pocahontas when she wants to stop Kocoum to kill John Smith.The researcher consider if this is the stereotype denial of woman that is done by her.Since a woman portrays as a gentle figure.
Kocoom is trying to kill John Smith because he is jealous with him.Pocahontas fights with Kocoom which has a bigger body than him.Pocahontas looks very hard to stop Kocoom but she keeps fighting.From this situation we can see there is denial of stereotype because as a woman Pocahontas stereotypically will not able to fight with Kocoom.However, she nailed it to protect John Smith being killed by Kocoum.The expectations of a woman are not appear in this part.Pocahontas is not perform the qualities of feminine though her performance when she fights with Kocoum.
The researchers analyze the stereotype denial that is done by Pocahontas.From this analysis the researcher found some performances that reveal masculine performance.This masculine performance is considered as the denial of Pocahontas's stereotype as a woman.As a woman Pocahontas is expected to perform the qualities of woman's stereotype such as, stay at home, caring her family and follows what her father's said.Meanwhile what is seen in those data above, Pocahontas does not performs this stereotype.The data of stereotype denial are from sequence 4 and 6, sequence 2, sequence 5, and also sequence 9.Those data analyzed by the researcher and reveal the performance of masculine in Pocahontas.It is can be seen when she fights with Kocoum, kayaking in the raging river and also jumps from the top of a cliff.Those performances are usually done by men.Furthermore, those performances are all produced by Pocahontas who is a girl.

Conclusion
Pocahontas reveals an action of masculinity that denies the men's stereotype.She does it to prove that she has a dream and desire.She wants to be the one who decides for herself.As it reveals in the movie Pocahontas shows her power as woman and also acts masculinity.She shows her power like when she protects the one she loves, protects her tribe, and also takes a responsibility to take care of her tribe.Meanwhile in stereotype denial, she performs the action that belong to a man, such as doing an extreme activity and doing the dangerous action by jumping up from the cliff to express her happiness.In short woman's power and stereotype denial are seen in Pocahontas movie.Significance This sequence table is proving the father of Pocahontas give the mandate for her.It is shown by the cinematography about angle and also the shot.Both of the aspects contribute to give a clear nuance about the responsibility given to Pocahontas.Music backsound also strengthens the statement of Pocahontas's father about her responsibility to be strong and powerful as a river.
responsible to take place as the leaderThis scene shows the statement from Pocahontas's father about her position in her tribe.Pocahontas is expected to fulfill the duty as the daughter of a chief.Her father asks Pocahontas to give her contribution in her tribe.The contribution is to lead the people because her father already old enough.Pocahontas gets the responsibility what usually men do.her voice to calm the war between her tribe and the colonizer from the cliff to get back to her kayak From this evidence Nakoma is stated the Pocahontas performance in showing her power.Nakoma ask the Pocahontas to go back to village because her father is back.Pocahontas is very excited hearing the news.At TEKNOSASTIK Women's Power Volume 15 (1), 2017 Gender and Racial Stereotypes in Popular Video Games , they have aim to provide a better

4.1 Women's Power Analysis in Pocahontas Movie The table of data are enclosed Data 1 Analysis a. Pocahontas appears as an independent girl Number Sequence 1 : 00 : 07 : 46-00 : 07 : 53 Sequence title
If you kill him, you will have to kill me too" Father : " Daughter, Stand back!" Pocahontas : "I won't, I love him father" 11.01 : 08 : 51 -01 : 08 : 59 Powhattan : "My daughter speaks with wisdom beyond her years" " We have all come here, with anger in our hearts" Powhattan : " But, she comes with courage and understanding" Powhattan : "yes, but there is one smiling I do not see, where is my daughter" Kekata : "You know Pocahontas, she has her mother's spirit, she goes wherever wind takes her" 2. 00 : 08 : 12 -00 :08 : 45 Nakoma : "Pocahontas, your father is back come down here" " No, not that way" " Show off" 3. 00 : 11 : 51-00 : 11: 55 Powhattan : "Pocahontas, come with me.You are a daughter of a chief" "It is time to take your place among our people" 4. 00 : 11 : 28 -00 : 11 : 39 Powhattan: "My daughter, Kocoum will make a fine husband" Pocahontas : "Father I think my dream is pointing me down another path" 5.00 : 14 :05 -00 :14 : 20 6. 00 : 15 : 58 Pocahontas : "My father thinks it is the right path for me, but lately I have been having this dream and I think it is" 7. 00 : 51 : 24-00: 51: 30 Pocahontas : "Father I need to speak with you" Powhattan : "Not now my daughter, the council is gathering" Pocahontas : "We do not have to fight them, there must be an other way" " but if one of them want to talk, would you listen to him, wouldn't you ? 8. 00 : 54 : 13-00 : 54 : 26 Nakokma : "Pocahontas!"Pocahontas : "Nakoma!" Nakoma : "Don't go out there" " I lied for you once, don't ask me to do it again" Pocahontas : "I have to do this!""I am trying to help my people"

Table Sequence : Pocahontas appears as an independent woman Number Sequence 1 : 00 : 07 : 46-00 : 07 : 53 Sequence title : "She goes wherever winds take her"
Significance The first table of sequence here shows the explanation by Kekata about Pocahontas.He says Pocahontas is a free woman and she can go everywhere she wants.It is supported by the sound effects of wind's sound and the cinematography shows the nuance of rainforest where Pocahontas lives.