transformation of the interaction between the educational and scientific activity of a university in the innovative economy

The article aims at studying the technology of transforming the interaction between the educational and scientific activity of a university taking into account the innovative model of economic development, which involves determining the stages of university transformation, while putting emphasis on peculiarities of R&D activity, interaction between the educational and scientific activity, and elements of their control system. The article identifies the factors determining the need for transformation of research and development and innovative activities, and the main areas of transforming research in Ukraine. The algorithm for transforming the interaction between the educational and scientific activity of a university is formed, consisting of individual but interconnected elements, such as legislative and statutory support in the educational and R&D activity; interaction between the educational and R&D activity of a university; management of the interaction between the educational and R&D activity of a university. Problems and priority areas in the work of the state policy carried out by the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine are highlighted. A number of legislative initiatives of the Ministry, launched in 2020 and planned for the future, have been approved in order to solve the existing problems in these areas. The Ministry of Education and Science has implemented and planned activities aimed at stimulating transformations in education, science and innovation. Legislative and regulatory support in the educational and R&D areas is grouped according to the stages of its adoption. The most common models used at modern universities are characterized in accordance with their peculiarities in combining R&D and educational activities of a university, its structural units and individual faculty members. Specific features of managing of R&D activity at a research (entrepreneurial, innovative) and educational universities are compared. The interaction areas of interaction between educational and scientific transformations in Ukraine that could influence its scientific development and promote its integration into the European Research Area are highlighted.

Introduction. Strengthening the integration of higher education, science and innovative economic activity will provide their compliance with the real needs of the private and public sectors of the national economy. The combination of education and science is a basis for the education system modernization and the main factor for further development of innovative educational activities of the university. Strengthening the link between educational, scientific and innovative components in the system will solve the problems that occur while carrying out a structural reform in the economy, creating new knowledge-intensive innovative industries, and intensifying entrepreneurship.
Research analysis and problem statement. In Ukraine, the problems of transforming educational and scientific activities at the university are conditioned by research and publications in various areas of state regulation, such as humanitarian educational paradigm ( However, there is a need for studying transformations in educational and scientific activities at a university, e.g. in definitions, purposes and priorities for gaining educational and scientific achievements in certain conditions of the innovative model of national economy.
The aim of the article is to study technological instruments for transforming educational and scientific activities at the university according to the innovative model of economic development, which involves determining the stages of transformation of the university according to the peculiarities and features of scientific activity, its interaction with educational activity, and elements of their management.
Results. The state regulation of education and science is the basis for ensuring human capital development and providing an opportunity to obtain economic benefits, which would provide for Ukraine's sustainable growth and competitive economy. According to Sustainable Development Goals, there is a need for using «innovative technologies», «innovative approaches» [13] and transforming scientific, technological and innovative activities, because their use, happening due to a number of factors, would correspond to both the European and global trends (Fig. 1).
The transformation of scientific activities is a priority ensuring social, economic, political and scientific development in many countries of the world. In terms of integration into the world and European scientific environment, the current stage of Ukraine's development is characterized by systemic and radical transformations. The strategic task of the integration process should take into account the peculiarities of national identity and should not be accompanied by the leveling of its own national educational system. The main areas of scientific and technological transformations are presented in fig. 2. To develop science and innovation, it is necessary to transform Ukrainian science by implementing innovative approaches and methods, and providing universities and scientists with opportunities and resources to conduct research that would positively affect Ukraine's socio-economic and innovative development. The education and science must become a lever of social equality and cohesion in society, a trigger for Ukraine's economic development and competitiveness in the world. Thus, the higher education system must create new conditions for obtaining modern knowledge, solving complex problems, creating high-quality and innovative intellectual products. At present, education in Ukraine does not meet modern needs of the individuals and society, that is the requirements of the economy and global trends. Therefore, a systemic transformation in education, science and innovation is needed in order to ensure the appropriate quality of education. The reforms in science and technology will stop stagnation in research, generate demand for qualitative developments and training, reduce inconsistencies between research and implementation of its results, integrate them into the educational and research space of the EU.
The process of transforming educational and scientific activities at a university consists of individual interconnected elements. The technology of transforming educational and scientific activities at a university comprises the following elements: legislative and regulatory support for scientific activ- ity; organization of educational and scientific activities at  a university; interaction between educational and scientific activi- ties at a university; management of educational and scientific activities at  a university. Legislative and regulatory support regulating educational and scientific activities comprises two framework laws and a number of regulations governing certain aspects of these activities. To solve the existing problems in these areas, many regulatory initiatives of the Ministry were launched in 2020 and are planned for the future (Table 1) [5]. Table 1 Formation of legislative and regulatory support in educational and scientific activities [5]

Stages of approval
Legislative and regulatory support conducting state certi cation of scienti c institutions and higher education institutions in terms of conducting scienti c activities improvement of the mechanism for intellectual property rights protection in scienti c institutions with the participation of foreign partners introduction of the equivalent calculation method for academic and research load in accordance with the European system, that will make it possible to stimulate scienti c creation of «professional graduates (doctoral students)» who will become a highly skilled workforce armed with research skills, thus strengthening the research and production component of technical training and the interaction between government, science, education and business Scheduled draft Law "On the basic principles of formation and implementation of priority areas of scientific, scientific-technical and innovative activities in Ukraine"; draft amendment to the Law "On Scientific and Scientific-technical Activity", in particular, on the application to the definition of the term "young scientist" of the criterion of the number of years after obtaining a scientific degree "; draft resolution of the CmU "On remuneration of managers, researchers and other employees who conduct scientific and scientific-technical developments, institutions and institutions of science and education belonging to the budget sphere" on the formation of new unified approaches to remuneration of researchers.
Ukrainian science system transformation is a priority of the state policy of the MES, that ensures identification of strategic points in developing education alongside with the provision of interaction between science, business and education. This is implemented by preparing strategic documents, guidelines and relevant state target programs (Fig. 3).
Reforming the scientific component of higher education is hampered by the imperfection of regulatory framework.
Successful implementation of the Ukrainian laws «On scientific and scientific and technological activities» [12] and «On higher education» [6] requires the introduction of many supplements and clarifications to these documents, that would regulate such points. The MES has both implemented and planned for the future activities aimed at ensuring trans-formational processes in education, science and innovation ( Table 2).
Transformation occurs both at a university as a whole and in scientific activities, in particular. It is a process of radically changing the object as a whole or its individual elements due to the influence of external and internal factors. These processes are closely interconnected and take place at the same time, that is why we suggest to consider the following main stages of a university transformation in developing its scientific activity ( Table 3).
The transformation includes changes in the emphasis in university management placed on scientific activities, goals and approaches to research, interaction with the authorities and stakeholders. According to the global trends in education,

Fig. 3. Problems and priority areas of the state policy of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine in science [4]
Проблеми економіки № 4 (50), 2021 економіка та управління національним господарством Table 3 Stages of transformation of scientific activity development at universities University position is not just as a producer of knowledge, but an agent of change, and is closely associated with civil society and other external actors. Sustainability of management is based on the general institutional approach and promotes interorganizational decision-making processes the main strategy is to promote systemic development based on integrative approaches supported by interorganizational networks. A successful university networks and works in alliances to solve common problems, including collaboration with internal and external stakeholders економіка та управління національним господарством the processes of transforming scientific activities at a university are underway and contribute to innovation, economic growth, and solving major global problems. The main areas of strategic development of the world's leading universities are formed in their strategic documents, development programs, model decisions (Table 4).

Table 4
Trends in the transformation of scientific activities at universities

Trend Characteristic
Creating digital strategic partnerships Forming a global network of universities, corporations and scientific electronic space. Its purpose should be to solve global problems and to set regional and national priorities Localization Strengthening regional ties with local communities, government and business structures emphasizes the fact that the university will act as a community and develop in the region of its location. It provides the promotion of regional joint projects, ensures that both the university and the region develop and strengthen their cooperation in research and production Growth of integrity and practice-orientation Focus on the employer; integration of business, science, and education; collaboration of university research and training with industry and business taken together consolidate the skills of goal coordination, cooperation and coordination Commercialization of scientific ideas technology transfer centers and technology parks at a university give students the opportunity to organize startups and small firms to develop, patent and market technological products. Students create jobs at the university, combining research with the educational process and business. thus, there is a gradual and predominant privatization of the university system by business, that is increasingly turning scientific technology into a commercial commodity network integration into the European system European DIHs (Digital Innovation Hubs) receive constant and huge support from their governments, EU funds, as well as private business, have a developed and systematic brokerage of technology and innovation, use a single information base, and provide support facilities for participants. Support from the mES is needed in such areas as defining the model of innovation ecosystems, determining their official status, searching for sponsors, integration into the DIH network, continuing joint actions within the Innovation Forums, and other activities planned by the ministry of Education and Science.
Peculiarities of the university's scientific mission are conditioned by the ways of organizing research at the national (external-institutional) and university (internal-institutional) levels, i.e. by the peculiarities of scientific, technological and educational activities of an HEI, its structural subdivisions, and individual teachers. None of these models is ideal in modern conditions, as evidenced by the documents of higher education reforms that take place within further convergence of the European Higher Education Area and the European Research Area (Table 5). Table 5 Comparison of management features in scientific activity at research (entrepreneurial, innovative) and educational universities Common features Differences the structure of scientific activities is centralized and is carried out  mainly at the macro level of university management; the most developed are those management structures that provide  researchers with assistance in obtaining grants and other financial support; the structure and distribution of functional responsibilities in the  teams of grant writers depend on the nature and scope of research activity at the university the structure of the scientific activities department at the  research university is more complex, which is determined by the great variety and scope of tasks facing it; at the research university, the activities of the scientific  and other departments are promoting external funding of research and the creation of a system of internal grants mainly for young scholars The efficiency of the management system of scientific activity at the modern university is a complex multifaceted function, that depends on many external and internal variables (Fig. 4).
The analysis of research at American universities [2] revealed the main trends in the transformation of scientific activities management, evolving in accordance with the rapid progress of society, economy, science, and technology. The effectiveness of scientific activities management, from the standpoint of sociology of management, is to transform the intellectual, material, organizational, financial and other resources of the university into specific results that have social significance and economic feasibility (Fig. 4, 5).
Проблеми економіки № 4 (50), 2021 економіка та управління національним господарством The implementation of tasks that are important for society and the state. The social orientation of research is determined at the national and regional (local -district) levels and play the role of a social order aimed at solving complex social problems of global, national, regional or local signi cance Social oriented universities Tasks of strategic and tactical planning mission of research administrators is to intensify the development of research activities at universities and in non-commercial and commercial research institutions and foundations. The activities of quali ed administrators are removing from researchers of administrative routine. Also, research administrators promote a culture of responsible behavior in the conduct of research, support agreement (within the research team; between the client and the contractor; between researchers, researchers and regulatory agencies), promote the formation of public con dence in research activities and results The e ectiveness of structural units scienti c and educational departments of the university accountable to the Board of Trustees, which is responsible for the compliance of the university with its mission and social orientations Management body

Fig. 5. Model for improving the management of scientific activity at the university
The effectiveness of the management of scientific and technological activities of the university, first of all, depends on cooperation between the university and industry and society, the latter determining the economic and social components of efficiency, and secondly, on the competence of research administrators and the work of scientists, administrators, teachers, etc. (Table 6).
Transformation of educational and scientific activities at the university includes such elements as reforming the system of state management of scientific activity in Ukraine, organization and redistribution of powers and responsibilities in order to increase the effectiveness of implementing socio-economic development priorities.
Conclusions. The areas of interaction between educational and scientific transformations in Ukraine are determined that will influence the development of Ukrainian science and its significant contribution to the country's economy due to its integration into the European Research Area. Recommendations for the educational and scientific activities at a university in Ukraine are based on a retrospective analysis of the existing concepts of scientific activities at a university, interaction with authorities and stakeholders, and management system providing for interaction between the educational and scientific activity at a university.
The application of public policy instruments in developed countries is aimed at attracting the potential of the sci-Проблеми економіки № 4 (50), 2021 економіка та управління національним господарством Table 6 Areas for improving the management of the educational and scientific activities at the university

Level Measures
Strategic level to create a strategy for the research system development based on the analysis of the scientific potential of  the university staff and the needs of the region.
to institutionalize research groups, including interdisciplinary ones, that have the potential to attract  external funding for research.
to develop a portfolio of possible sponsors of research work that can be performed by university scientists.  to create a system of internal grants to initially support forward-looking research. Develop fundraising  measures to support the internal grant system Administrative level to train the members of the University Research Department to attract external research funding (from  agencies, organizations, foundations, individual donors, researchers and university staff who provide organizational and financial services for projects) and organizational support of external grants.
to develop the University strategy for the commercialization of intellectual property. to familiarize the  university staff with international achievements.
to organize a self-government system of scientific activity for young scholars, aimed at finding additional  opportunities for young scholars' self-realization.
to develop an effective model for evaluating the performance results of the University Research  Department.
to develop a system of indicators for evaluating the results of research activity at university departments.  to create a website at the Scientific Department of the University to display information of interest for the  university researchers and potential sponsors of their research activities entific and educational sector to the commercialization of innovations and is due to the implementation of the concept of business universities. The development of cooperation within innovation ecosystems is stimulated by the introduction of the concept of open innovation platforms, that expands the possibilities of partnership based on research projects, stimulates the attraction of investors and accelerates research commercialization. Acceleration of innovation and technological development and commercialization of innovations is actively implementing the concept of business universities that become centers of innovation development, as well as technological, human and entrepreneurial potential of the regions by developing and financing own business initiatives, joint projects with foreign investors, etc.