DIGITAL FOUNDATIONS FOR BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT IN THE FIELD OF RENEWABLE ENERGY ЦИФРОВІ ЗАСАДИ РОЗВИТКУ ПІДПРИЄМНИЦТВА У СФЕРІ АЛЬТЕРНАТИВНОЇ ЕНЕРГЕТИКИ

The article focuses on specifying the digital foundations for the development of entrepreneurship in the field of alternative energy. It's proven that these technologies are a catalyst for innovation, process optimization, and the creation of new business models that contribute to the industry's sustainable development. The components that guide the digitalization of processes related to the production, distribution, storage, and sale of electricity have been identified in the following areas: intelligent energy systems, Internet of Things networks and Big data systems, digital platforms, and marketplaces. The components that adjust the digital development of each individual or company engaged in business related to the production, distribution, storage, or sale of renewable energy have been identified in the following areas: 3D printing, robotics, and blockchain technology. It has been established that the digital foundations for thе entrepreneurship development in the field of alternative energy are directed towards process optimization, increased efficiency, cost reduction

Problem statement.The fundamental digital principles of entrepreneurship in the alternative energy sector began to take shape in the late 20th and early 21st centuries with the development of information technologies and the growing interest in renewable energy sources.In particular, the 1990s became the foundation, marked by the emergence of the first digital monitoring and control systems for energy systems, which allowed for tracking the production and consumption of electricity.The 2000s saw the development of Internet of Things (IoT) and sensor technologies, which enabled the collection and analysis of data on the operation of alternative energy equipment.The 2010s saw the emergence of Smart Grids (intelligent energy systems) concepts, which combined digital technologies with traditional energy systems, enhancing the efficiency and reliability of generating, developing, managing, producing, and selling energy from renewable sources.
Currently, there is an active implementation of blockchain technologies to ensure transparency and trust in alternative energy markets, as well as the development of platforms for peer-to-peer (P2P) energy trading.
Therefore, it is evident that the relevance and significance of research in this area are increasingly growing, and digital technologies themselves are playing an ever-increasing role in transforming entrepreneurship in the field of alternative energy.In particular, these technologies open up new opportunities for optimizing processes, increasing efficiency, and ensuring sustainable development of activities aimed at creating, developing, and remotely managing businesses engaged in the production, distribution, storage, and sale of energy from renewable sources The analysis of recent researches and publications.The issue of developing entrepreneurship in the field of alternative energy in general and its specific types is somewhat presented in the scientific literature.
Sо, research on specific aspects of entrepreneurship in the field of solar and wind energy has been conducted by Narayevsky S. V., Usachov A. M., and Shemyakina O. M.
General principles of entrepreneurship in the field of alternative energy and some aspects of its digitalization have been highlighted by Kasych A. O., Lytvynenko Ya.O., and Melnychuk P. S.
According to the data you provided, research in the field of alternative energy entrepreneurship in Ukraine is focused on specific aspects, such as solar and wind energy, as well as general principles and digitalization.However, the practical implementation of digital development in this area is still a challenge that requires further research and elaboration.
Goal setting (formulation of goals of the article).The purpose of the article is to elaborate on the digital foundations for the development of entrepreneurship in the field of alternative energy.
The paper main body with full reasoning of academic results.The development of alternative energy in Ukraine since the early 2000s has occurred in parallel with the development of digital technologies, thus forming unique, largely digitalized foundations for entrepreneurship in this field.Considering the outlined evolutionary symbiosis, we interpret the digital foundations of entrepreneurship development in alternative energy as a set of digital technologies, tools, and approaches that are integral elements for creating, developing, and managing businesses in renewable energy sources.
These defined principles allow for the optimization of processes related to the production, distribution, storage, and sale of electricity (as a specific energy commodity), increase the efficiency of each of these processes, and create new business models (energy cooperatives and communities, virtual power plants (VPPs), energy service companies, flexibility aggregators, and peer-to-peer partnerships).

ПІДПРИЄМНИЦТВО, ТОРГІВЛЯ ТА БІРЖОВА ДІЯЛЬНІСТЬ
Considering the above, we can identify the following main components of the development of digital foundations for entrepreneurship in the field of alternative energy (which guide the digitalization of processes related to the production, distribution, storage, and sale of electricity) [1; 3-4]: 1. Digital technologies, tools, and approaches that enable the formation and evolution of Smart Grids, which are modernized electrical grids that simultaneously serve as a means of two-way communication between electricity suppliers and consumers.
2. Digital technologies, tools, and approaches that enable the development of the Internet of Things (IoT) and Big Data, which ensure the functioning of energy systems.
3. Digital platforms and marketplaces that simplify access to financing for projects in alternative energy help entrepreneurs find partners for project implementation, equipment, and service providers, as well as customers for the sale of electricity.
Entrepreneurs who actively implement digital technologies in the energy sector gain a significant competitive advantage and contribute to sustainable development in several key ways [1; 3; 5; 7]: -through the optimization of energy production and distribution; through the enhancement of energy consumption efficiency; -through the development of new business models and services; -through the reduction of the environmental impact of their activities; -through an increase in transparency and speed of consumer engagement.
So, smart grids are a key element of the digital transformation of the energy sector, and their development is ensured by the evolution of communication functions for monitoring and managing energy production, the integration of various generating plants that produce energy from renewable sources, and the adjustment of energy efficiency of equipment.This connectivity enables more efficient management of ПІДПРИЄМНИЦТВО, ТОРГІВЛЯ ТА БІРЖОВА ДІЯЛЬНІСТЬ electricity flows, optimization of production and consumption, and enhancement of the reliability and resilience of the power system [1].The main components of Smart Grids currently include smart meters, sensors and remote monitoring systems, control and automation systems, and communication technologies that function according to the specifications outlined in Table 1.
Note that in Ukraine, the deployment of Smart Grids is still in its early stages.However, there are already pilot entrepreneurial projects in some cities (the "Smart Grids" project in Ivano-Frankivsk, the "Smart Grid" project in Lviv, and the "Smart Quarter" project in Kyiv), as well as plans to modernize the energy infrastructure using digital technologies.
Internet of Things (IoT) networks and Big Data systems that ensure the operation of energy facilities for entrepreneurs are a complex of interconnected digital technologies that collect, process, and analyze huge amounts of information from various devices and sensors located in the local energy system [1; 5].
This data is used to optimize the operation of the entrepreneur's energy facilities, increasing their efficiency, reliability, and safety.The main components of Internet of Things (IoT) networks are various sensors installed on elements of the energy infrastructure, sensors and devices connected to the Internet, and specialized software platforms that function according to the specifications outlined in Table 2.

Data analytics
Identification of hidden patterns, prediction of events, and optimization of the entrepreneur's energy system operation Big data analysis capabilities, through methods of machine learning, artificial intelligence, and statistical analysis

ПІДПРИЄМНИЦТВО, ТОРГІВЛЯ ТА БІРЖОВА ДІЯЛЬНІСТЬ
The main components of Big Data systems are data volumes, data processing and analysis speed, various data formats, and data analytics that function according to the specifications outlined in Table 2.
The application of IoT and Big Data in the energy sector is one of the key directions in Smart Grids development and the transition to a more sustainable, efficient, and environmentally friendly energy system.So, currently, DTEK has created an IoT network with "smart meters" connected to it in some regions of Ukraine and is collecting real-time data on electricity consumption.In some Ukrainian cities (for example, Lviv, Kyiv), entrepreneurs are implementing "smart city" projects, within which IoT technologies are used to manage street lighting or data collected on energy consumption by consumers.
Digital platforms and marketplaces in alternative energy are online platforms that connect project developers with potential investors and provide tools for project presentation, investment attractiveness assessment, fundraising, and investment management.
The main components of such platforms and marketplaces are crowdfunding platforms, P2P lending platforms, investment platforms, and specialized platforms for alternative energy (which function according to the specifications outlined in Table 3).
Digital platforms and marketplaces play a crucial role in the development of alternative energy by providing access to financing for projects that can make a significant contribution to the transition to a more sustainable energy system.Specifically, in Ukraine, the Greencubator platform (for supporting startups in the field of clean energy and sustainable development) and the BetterMe crowdfunding platform (for supporting social and environmental projects) are currently operating.
It's worth noting that additional components can be identified that contribute to the development of digital foundations for entrepreneurship in the alternative energy sector (which adjust the digital development of each individual or company engaged in business related to the production, distribution, storage, or sale of energy from renewable sources) in the following directions: 1. Blockchain technologies contribute to increasing transparency and trust in the alternative energy market through components such as transparency and immutability of data on electricity origin, smart contracts, and P2P energy trading, operating according to the specifications outlined in Table 4.
Due to data immutability and the ability to track the origin of electricity, blockchain helps ensure fair competition and stimulates the development of "green" tariffs and certificates of origin.The automation of contract execution through smart contracts reduces costs and Source: formulated by the author based on [1; 3-4; 6] ЕКОНОМІКА ТА СУСПІЛЬСТВО Випуск # 64 / 2024 108 ПІДПРИЄМНИЦТВО, ТОРГІВЛЯ ТА БІРЖОВА ДІЯЛЬНІСТЬ increases the efficiency of interaction between market participants.
2. 3D printing and robotics technologies make entrepreneurial projects in alternative energy more accessible through components such as reduced production costs and personalization and flexibility, operating according to the specifications outlined in Table 5.
These technologies allow for reduced production costs of components and equipment for alternative energy generation and provide the opportunity to create customized solutions for clients, taking into account their needs and the specifics of their facilities.This promotes the spread of alternative energy and its integration into various spheres of life.
Conclusions from this study and prospects for further exploration in this direction.Research confirms that digital technologies play a key role in transforming entrepreneurship in alternative energy.They act as a catalyst for innovation, process optimization, and the creation of new business models, contributing to the sustainable development of the industry.In conclusion, it can be stated that: 1.The main components of developing digital foundations for entrepreneurship in the field of alternative energy (which guide the digitalization of processes related to the production, distribution, storage, and sale of electricity) can be identified in the following areas: -Smart Grids ensure efficient management of energy resources, integration of renewable energy sources, and increased energy efficiency.
-Internet of Things (IoT) and Big Data, allow optimizing equipment operation, predicting energy production and consumption, and creating intelligent solutions for energy management.
-Digital platforms and marketplaces, which simplify access to financing for projects in the field of alternative energy, help entrepreneurs find partners for project implementation, equipment, and service providers, as well as customers for electricity sales.
2. Additional components that can be identified to further develop the digital foundations of entrepreneurship in the alternative energy sector (which adjust the digital development of each individual or company engaged in business related to the production, distribution, storage, or sale of energy from renewable sources) in the following areas: -3D printing and robotics, which reduce production costs, allow for the creation of customized solutions for clients and enable quick adaptation to changes in demand.
-Blockchain technology, which increases transparency and trust in the alternative energy market, ensures fair competition and stimulates the development of "green" tariffs and certificates of origin.[1; 4; 6]

Table 1 Characteristics and action focus of main Smart grid components used by entrepreneurs in the alternative energy sector Main components Focus of аction of сomponents Advantages of forming a component in the field of alternative energy General benefits of synthesized action of components
Note*These elements include substations, transmission lines, and transformersSource: formulated by the author based on[1-2; 6]

Table 5 Characteristics and action focus of main 3D printing and robotics components used by entrepreneurs in the alternative energy sector Main components Focus of аction of сomponents Advantages of forming a component in the field of alternative energy
Source: formulated by the author based on