Potential of Soursop Leaf Extract Scrub as Antimicrobial

Treatment of infectious diseases caused by bacteria has been carried out using antibiotics. However, the problem is resistance and even multi-resistance in bacteria. Preventive efforts are needed to anticipate, one of which is using soursop leaf extract scrub herbal products which contain gamma oryzanol compounds, flavonoids, phenols, and tannins as antimicrobials. This research is a pure experiment with one group pretest-posttest control design and positive and negative controls. The study aims to analyse the effectiveness of soursop leaf extract scrub products as antimicrobials on the skin of the respondents' arms before and after treatment. Antimicrobial counting uses the total plate count (TPC) method, with 118 respondents in-vivo, where the scrub is applied to the respondent's arm, measuring 10cm x 10cm for 10 minutes. The results of the data normality test with the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test obtained non-normally distributed data. The trial continued with a non-parametric test in the Wilcoxon test to get a significance value of 0.000 <0.05, which means that the soursop leaf extract scrub effectively reduces total bacteria count. The research may be helpful for the community in efforts to prevent skin infections caused by bacteria, and researchers need to conduct antibacterial tests for scrubs without soursop leaf extract as a comparison and conduct further tests such as safety tests, expiration periods and aesthetic tests on soursop leaf extract scrub products


INTRODUCTION
Lulur is a type of traditional cosmetic made from ingredients and spices that are very useful for maintaining the skin's health, beauty and smoothness.Lulur is made from a mixture of rice, beans, turmeric root, ginger, cinnamon, and sandalwood powder pounded using a mortar and pestle.Next, the scrub is added with water and a few drops of jasmine flower oil.The jasmine oil will form fine granules.The components that make up the scrub are varied and have many properties.One of them is a compound that can potentially have antimicrobial activity, such as the gamma oryzanol compound.The gamma oryzanol compound is also found in rice.
The gamma oryzanol compound can renew the formation of melanin pigments as an antioxidant and effectively counteract ultraviolet rays.
This study aims to determine the effectiveness of 50% soursop leaf extract scrub products as antimicrobials on the skin of the respondents' arms before and after treatment.

METHOD
The type of research is Trueexperimental research, with a one-group pretest and posttest control design.
Treatment of respondents in the form of one (1) gram of 50% soursop leaf extract scrub mixed with 0.5 ml of sterile distilled water was applied with a small brush to the skin of each respondent's arm with a size of 10cm x 10cm for 10 minutes, and there was a control for respondents without treatment.
Respondents  The total bacteria count after using the scrub was ten cfu/cm2 (table 1).There was a decrease in the average total bacteria count after using scrubs from 13.5 cfu/cm2 to 2.7 cfu/cm2.Scrubs are

Normality Test
The data normality test used in this study is the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test.

Effectiveness Test of Soursop Leaf Extract Scrub on Total Bacteria Count
The following table shows the results of the effectiveness of the soursop leaf extract scrub on total bacteria count using the Wilcoxon test:  3, it can be seen that the Asymp.Sig.(2tailed) is 0.000.This value is <0.05, so it can be concluded that the alternative hypothesis is accepted.This means there is a difference between the total bacteria count before and after using the soursop leaf extract scrub.So, it can also be concluded that soursop leaf extract scrub effectively reduces total bacteria count.
The statistical test results show a Sig value of 0.000 (table 3) <0.05, meaning the soursop leaf extract scrub effectively reduces the total bacteria count.
last bathing time factor affects the bacterial community on the limbs.The highest total bacteria count for respondents, the last time they bathed, was 3 hours before taking a swab of their arm skin.Meanwhile, the lowest total bacteria count was the respondent with the last shower time 1 hour before taking the arm skin swab.Other factors such as the type of activity, duration of activity and contact with other objects also contribute to varying the number of germs.Besides, the components of the body (hands) have normal flora (aphatogen bacteria) found on the skin (Walidah et al., 2014).
used in skin care to release dead skin cells and maintain and care for the skin's smoothness.So that the skin looks cleaner, brighter and smoother.(Ningsih et al., 2013) dan (Arbarini, 2015).The essential ingredients of the scrub are made from rice flour, which can increase collagen production improve skin elasticity and contain gamma oryzanol, which functions as an antioxidant.In addition to rice flour as the scrub's essential ingredient, there are turmeric, kencur, spices, and soursop leaf extract, which contain functional compounds (Sudarmanto et al., 2023).

Flavonoid
content in scrubs can be an antioxidant that can transfer an electron or a hydrogen atom to a free radical compound by stopping the initial stage of the reaction.Therefore, flavonoids can inhibit lipid peroxidation, suppress tissue damage by free radicals and inhibit several enzymes (Latifah, 2015).In addition to flavonoids, tannin content in cosmetic preparations can be antibacterial, which is a deterrent to bacterial growth for the cosmetic preparation itself and prevents acne on the skin caused by bacteria.Tannin compounds in scrubs can cool, clean,