Malaysian

This paper presents the development of software in C++ Language for the determination of Pavement Condition Index (PCI) based on the design procedure mentioned in ASTM D 4433 and future requirement of maintenance of existing road /road network. Presently in India, Manual Pavement Condition survey has been replaced by automated Network Survey Vehicle (NSV). PCI procedure mentioned in ASTM D 4433 which needs uses of several curves and same curves have been converted in regression equations. These equations are used to prepare a Program in C++ Language. This will be useful for Pavement Engineer to determine PCI and maintenance strategy.


INTRODUCTION
Pavement Condition Index (PCI), International Roughness Index (IRI) and Present Serviceability Index (PSI) are the major parameters of the pavement performance indices.Overall pavement condition is determined by PCI.Generally functional and structural failure is found during operation period of the pavement.Driver and passenger feel discomfort due to functional failure whereas structural failure loses loading capacity of pavement (Smith et.al 1979) .
Roughness value is the main indicator for function failure whereas rut/shear and fatigue are the main indicators for structural failure (Yoder and Witzak 1975).
Road pavements need routine maintenance, annual maintenance, periodic maintenance and rehabilitation works due to environ¬mental factors and traffic loading.
For the best utilization of limited fund, PCI along with Pavement Management System (PMS) can be used and allow administrators and pavement engineers to allocate funds (Hall et al. 1992).

LITERATURE REVIEW ON PAVEMENT CONDITION INDEX (PCI)
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers developed Pavement Condition Index (PCI) (Shahin and Walther 1990).Visual observation of each pavement distress along with its extent and severity are used to determine PCI and maintenance strategy can be determined based on PCI as mentioned in Table 1 The PCI method is based on visual examination of the pavement distress type, The PCI provides a measure of the present condition of the pavement based on the distress observed on the surface of the pavement, which also indicates the structural integrity and surface operational condition (roughness and safety).The PCI provides an objective determination of maintenance and repair needs and priorities.Continuous monitoring of the PCI is used to establish the rate of pavement deterioration, which permits early identification of major rehabilitation needs as is shown in    PCI value of 100 presents the very good condition of the existing pavement whereas 0 represents the poorest pavement condition of existing pavement which needs reconstruction immediately.This PCI rating scale is shown in Figure 1.Usually, PCI is the most unique index in terms of pavement performance rating.It also received a broad application in network-level pavement management and has been adopted as a basis of the pavement management system ( Shahin and Walther, 1990).

Standard PCI Rating
PCI determines the identification of the need for immediate M-and-R (Galehouse et al. 2003) of roads and it can be used for prioritisation of roads for the case of limited maintenance fund.
. An alternative approach of pavement condition index (PCI) has been developed based on Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) and Genetic Programming (GP) based on visual pavement condition data of more tahn 1250 km road network in Iran and a a computer application was developed based on the results obtained (Habib et. al. 2012).

LEAD FROM PAST STUDIES AND SCOPE OF PRESENT STUDY
Manual pavement condition survey has been replaced by Network Survey Vehicle and analysis for determination of PCI is carried out manually with combination of Excel.No standard software is available in India.A computer program in C++ has been developed to analyze pavement condition data obtained from NSV and recommend the rehabilitation schedule of the existing pavement.

PCI DETERMINATION PROCEDURE
Network survey Vehicle has been used to determine pavement distress @ 10 m interval and distress values are converted into per km and these distresses values are used to determine PCI Value.Detail procedure is available in ASTM D 4433 and not reported in this paper, only brief methodology is presented here in.
The condition survey used for determining the PCI rating system as mentioned below: The deduct values are determined from the deduct value curves for each distress type and severity. 1.
Determine each type of pavement distress, it's severity and extend and determine density of each distress.
Determine maintenance strategy based on PCI and maintenance scheme mentioned in Table 1.
. These data are collected using network survey vehicle and verified visually.

PAVEMENT CONDITION SURVEY USING NETWORK SURVEY VEHICLE
Australian Road Research Board (ARRB) Group developed Hawkeye 2000 Professional Network Survey Vehicle (NSV).NSV is equipped with a fully integrated Hawkeye 2000 data collection system.NSV consists of a Multi-Laser Profiler, Digital Imaging System and a Gipsi-Trac unit whose outputs are all linked via a highly accurate distance measuring instrument.Typical photograph is shown in Figure 2. NSV allows all the data to be collected in a single pass, thus minimizing both the cost and the time needed to complete the survey.Since NSV is completely scalable system which suites to all different types of requirement of data collection and vehicle independent technology.Additionally, each data set is referenced to the road running distance, in accordance with the Council's current reference system, as well as its spatial position using GPS (WGS84).A team of trained and experienced field staff and a driver is utilized during the collection phases of projects.General methodology and modules of NSV for data collection and reporting is presented in the following section.
Integrated into the NSV is a Digital Laser Profiler (DLP) consisting of eleven lasers.This inertial profiler is capable of measuring: • Roughness • Rutting • Micro-texture

DEVELOPMENT OF COMPUTER PROGRAM FOR ANALYSIS OF NSV RESULT PCI METHOD
PCI has been determined manually based on field results as per design procedure mentioned in ASTM D 6433.It needs lot of labor for the determination of deduct value of each pavement distress type from each curve.Therefore, regression equations are developed for each curve.R2 value for each curve is determined and R2 value is found to be in the range of 0.99 -1.00 which shows that equations are correlated highly and close to the actual value.Regression equations are developed and presented in Table 2.A Computer Program has been developed using C++ Program the regression equations

DISCUSSION
In this study, pavement condiction has been measured using NSV and check the pavement condition visually for 10 km of a heavy-traffic highway road corridor .Pavement Distresses are measured using NSV @ 10 m interval and PCI rating has been determined using the methodology mentioned in ASTM D4433 and same has also been verified at site manually.It has been found that the pavement condition of the project road section is varied from 'very good to fair condition', with PCI varying from 48 to 99 with exception at km 33 to km 34Fair section-.Based on the PCI rating, the suggested maintenance for the pavement section is finalized using maintenance policy mentioned in Table 1.The information mentioned in Table 3 is used as a guidance to select the appropriate maintenance requirement.A computer Program is developed for analysis of PCI and presented in Annexure 1.

Figure 1
Figure 1 Standard Rating Scale

Table 1
Typical Pavement M&R Strategies based upon PCI Value

Table 2
Parameters of Developed Deduct Value Curve Nonlinear Functions

Table 3
Pavement Maintenance