Trinidad and Tobago

The FSAP work was mostly conducted prior to the COVID-19 crisis. Given the FSAP’s focus on medium-term challenges and tail risks, its findings and recommendations for strengthening policy and institutional frameworks remain pertinent. As the growth projections were significantly revised downward since the FSAP, the quantitative risk analysis on bank solvency was complemented to include illustrative scenarios to quantify the possible implications of the COVID-19 shock on bank solvency.

• Expected Years of School. In Trinidad and Tobago, a child who starts school at age 4 can expect to complete 12.4 years of school by her 18th birthday.
• Harmonized Test Scores. Students in Trinidad and Tobago score 458 on a scale where 625 represents advanced attainment and 300 represents minimum attainment.
• Learning-adjusted Years of School. Factoring in what children actually learn, expected years of school is only 9.1 years.
• Adult Survival Rate. Across Trinidad and Tobago, 85 percent of 15-year olds will survive until age 60. This statistic is a proxy for the range of health risks that a child born today would experience as an adult under current conditions.
• Healthy Growth (Not Stunted Rate). Data on stunting are not available for Trinidad and Tobago.

DIFFERENCES IN HCI ACROSS GENDER AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC GROUPS
In Trinidad and Tobago, lack of data prevents comparison of HCI by gender. Table 1 shows gender disaggregation for each of the HCI components, where available.
In Trinidad and Tobago, there are not sufficient data to disaggregate HCI by socio-economic groups.

PROTECT AND INVEST in people
Countries in Latin America and the Caribbean have improved their human capital outcomes, but large socioeconomic, gender and geographic inequalities still hinder inclusive development. To ensure continued progress and overcome the challenges unleashed by COVID-19, countries need to build strong and resilient public health systems, move toward universal social protection, boost learning achievement especially in early childhood, and improve employability, productivity and working conditions.

DOMESTIC RESOURCE UTILIZATION AND MOBILIZATION
• Health Spending. Trinidad and Tobago spends 3.7 percent (2017) of its GDP in public spending on health. This is lower than both the regional average (3.8%) and the average for its income group (5.3%). 4 percent (2014) of the population incurs catastrophic health expenditure measured as out-of-pocket spending exceeding 10% of household consumption or income.
• Education Spending. In Trinidad and Tobago, data on government education spending are not available. The average for its region is 4.8 percent and for its income group is 4.5 percent.
• Social Assistance Spending. Trinidad and Tobago spends 3.8 percent (2018) of its GDP on social assistance. This is higher than both the regional average (1.4%) and the average for its income group (1.7%).
• Government Revenue. General government revenue in Trinidad and Tobago is 25.8 percent (2018) of GDP. This is higher than the average for its region (24.7%) but lower than the average for its income group (37.3%).

COMPLEMENTARY INDICATORS
• Learning Poverty. In Trinidad and Tobago, 21 percent (2016) of 10-yearolds cannot read and understand a simple text by the end of primary school. This is lower than the average for its region (55%) but higher than the average for its income group (14%).
• Pre-primary Gross Enrollment. In Trinidad and Tobago, the gross enrollment ratio in pre-primary education is 83 percent (2007). This is higher than the average for its region (76%) but lower than the average for its income group (91%).
• NCD Deaths. In Trinidad and Tobago, the probability of dying between ages 30 and 70 from cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory diseases is 21 percent (2016). This is higher than both the average for its region (18%) and the average for its income group (14%).
• Obesity. In Trinidad and Tobago, 19 percent (2016) of adults age 18 and older are obese. This is lower than both the average for its region (24%) and the average for its income group (25%).
• Adolescent Fertility Rate. In Trinidad and Tobago, there are 29 births (2018) per 1,000 women ages 15-19. This is lower than the average for its region (56) but higher than the average for its income group (16).
• Social Safety Net Coverage. In Trinidad and Tobago, data on social safety net coverage of the poorest quintile are not available. The average for its region is 68 percent and for its income group is 70 percent.
• Share of Youth Not in Education, Employment or Training (NEET). In Trinidad and Tobago, 52 percent (2013) of young people are not in education, employment, or training. This is higher than both the average for its region (21%) and the average for its income group (11%).
• Drinking Water. In Trinidad and Tobago, 98 percent (2017) of the population has at least a basic source of drinking water. This is higher than the average for its region (95%) but lower than the average for its income group (99%).
• Internet Connectivity. In Trinidad and Tobago, 77 percent (2017) of the population uses the internet. This is higher than the average for its region (62%) but lower than the average for its income group (85% For more information on the definition of indicators and data sources, please visit: www.worldbank.org/humancapital