Rift Valley fever

disease that effects domestic animals (cattle, buffalo, sheep, goats and camels), as well as, humans.1-3 Rift Valley fever may cause abortions of pregnant animals and high mortality rate in young livestock.4,5 In humans, it usually causes an influenza-like disease but occasionally leads to more serious complications leading to high morbidity and mortality.1-3 The agricultural and medical costs of controlling RVF outbreaks may lead to considerable economic loss. Geographic location and geologic features of the Rift Valley. Africa’s Great Rift Valley is a 6,000 mile crack in the earth’s crust, stretching from Lebanon to Mozambique. One of its most dramatic sections slices through East Africa dividing Kenya into 2 segments, Geologists know that the Rift Valley was formed by violent subterranean forces that tore apart the earth’s crust. These factors caused huge chunks of the crust to sink between parallel fault lines forcing up molten rock in volcanic eruptions.6 Kenya’s Rift Valley has a geologic feature called dambos.6 These are shallow depressions located often near rivers filled with water during the rainy season. A dambo can be a kilometer in length and several hundreds of meters in width. Due to the frequent presence of water, tall papyrus and several other grasses grow around their edges. These dambos R are breeding grounds for mosquitoes, even in the dry season, as they remain greener than other areas. History of infection. Rift Valley fever, at least in Kenya, has been well known for over 60 years. As early as 1913, a disease fitting the description of RVF was blamed for the loss of sheep in the Rift Valley of Kenya.6 In July 1930, Kenya was hit with very heavy rains that substantially increased the wetlands where mosquitoes bred, at the same time, occurrences of the disease increased.3,4,6 However, it was not until scientists studied an outbreak of the disease in 1931 that a virus was isolated from the blood of a newborn lamb and later from the blood of sheep and cattle that was shown to cause the disease. In the 1930s, one of the carriers for the disease was found to be the mosquito. Those studying the disease made the connection between increased rains, wetlands, mosquitoes and disease and were eventually able to identify the associated virus. Since that time, major outbreaks have been noted throughout sub-Saharan Africa, with occasional outbreaks in other parts of the continent.1-3,6 Rift Valley fever outbreaks. Rift Valley fever outbreaks are often associated with periods of heavy rain after which the mosquito population flourishes. Outbreaks have been reported in Kenya, Sudan, Egypt, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Mali, Mauritania, Madagascar, Nigeria, Senegal, Somalia, Rift Valley Fever

Rift Valley fever (RVF) outbreaks in humans have mainly been reported from the Western and Central regions of Uganda, mainly within the cattle corridor districts, since the beginning of 2023.From week 1 to week 36 (ending 10 September 2023), a total of 181 suspected cases of RVF including 53 confirmed and 13 deaths (CFR 7.2%) were reported from eight districts; Kabale, Rubanda, Mbarara and Mbarara city, Isingiro, Bushenyi, Nakaseke, Kazo and Kakumiro districts.During week 36, three districts, including Nakaseke in central Uganda, Mbarara and Kakumiro in western Uganda, were still reporting active RVF outbreaks, with the most recent cases reported in Kakumiro district.Between 25 August and 10 September 2023, three RVF cases (two confirmed and one probable) and two deaths (CFR 66.7%) were reported from Kakumiro district.The first case was a 29-year-old butcher from Nkooko town council.He had onset of symptoms of fever, headache, abdominal pain and intense fatigue on 10 August 2023 and on 18 August 2023, he sought medical care at a private clinic where he was referred to the regional referral hospital.He died the same day on his way to the hospital.No sample was collected for testing.The second case was a 36-year-old butcher from Kyolobezi village in Mpasana sub-county, who developed a febrile illness on 11 August 2023.On 16 August 2023, he developed severe nose bleeding and received a symptomatic treatment at home, which was followed with noticeable clinical improvement.A blood specimen collected prior to his death returned positive for RVF by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) on 25 August 2023.The third case is a 50-year-old butcher residing from the same subcounty as the second case, who had onset of symptoms on 26 August 2023.On 30 August 2023, he was referred and isolated at a Health Centre III.A blood sample collected returned positive for RVF virus on 4 September 2023.The common features observed among the three cases are that they all are all animal handlers and presented with similar symptoms, including fever, headache, abdominal and joint pain, as well as intense fatigue.In addition, two cases initially sought care through traditional methods and one received self-medication at home.Laboratory testing was performed on collected blood samples at the Uganda Virus Research Institute (UVRI) using the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method.

PUBLIC HEALTH ACTIONS
The District Rapid Response Teams, with support of partner organizations providing technical and financial support, are actively carrying out response activities in the affected districts.
Uganda runs a routine Viral Haemorrhagic Fever (VHF) surveillance program, where a total of 2 036 samples had been collected by Week 36 (ending 10 September 2023), both from cadavers and alive people.
Surveillance activities, including ongoing VHF surveillance program in the high-risk districts, active case searching, contact tracing, case investigation, case confirmation are ongoing in the affected districts.
Risk communication and community sensitization on RVF infection prevention are ongoing in the affected districts.
Infection Prevention and Control assessment and mentorship is being conducted in health facilities in the affected districts.
Active animal case search on farms in affected districts is ongoing.

SITUATION INTERPRETATION
Integrated prevention and control measures that address both human and animal health are to be reinforced to prevent livestock losses and human fatalities and help mitigate the socioeconomic impacts of RVF outbreaks in the country.This includes early reporting and management of animal and human cases, sensitization trainings targeting people at high-risk of exposure during RVF outbreaks, enhanced vector control, preventive animal vaccination, and control of animal movements.The reported tendency to resort to traditional methods of care or self-medication observed in the last three patients during this outbreak suggests a continuous need to

Go to overview
Go to map of the outbreaks strengthen and maintain sensitization within the communities.Uganda has technical capacities for confirming RVF cases, which are a crucial asset for epidemic response activities and should be supported, especially in the context of the ongoing systematic surveillance of VHFs in the country.

PUBLIC HEALTH ACTIONS
• The Public Health Emergency Response has been activated.Coordination of malaria outbreak response with other vector borne outbreaks is ongoing as well as regular virtual meeting with regions to follow response activities.
• Regional outbreak response support teams were deployed to all affected regions except Addis Ababa, Harari and Dire-Dawa.
• Regarding cases management, mass fever testing and treatment approaches are conducted in the highly affected woredas and capacity building activities for health care workers at health facility level are ongoing.WHO and partners are supporting with the procurement of medical supplies and logistics to the affected regions.
• Risk communication and community engagement activities are ongoing with key messages on malaria transmission disseminated through local radios.
• Vector breeding site identification and larval source reduction was performed in some high burdened zones and integrated vector control camping conducted in Godey city, Shabelle zone of Somali region.

SITUATION INTERPRETATION
Malaria is endemic in Ethiopia, with higher prevalence in areas below 2000m of altitude, which cover three quarters of the country's land mass, with an estimated population of 52 million.Changes in climate are likely to lengthen the transmission period of major vector-borne diseases including malaria and alter their geographic range.The ongoing malaria outbreak is adding tension on the already fragile health system exhausted by increased demands for responses to other concurrent outbreaks (measles, cholera, covid-19, dengue fever, etc.) and health consequences of natural hazards.Reported challenges to the response include inadequate and limited utilization of insecticide-treated nets, suboptimal environmental or vector control activities, and the presence of various mosquito breeding sites in industrial areas.

Ethiopia
Go to overview Go to map of the outbreaks The number of internally displaced people in Niger has reached a record high, with an increase from 1.9 million in 2017 to 4.3 million individuals (15% population) in 2023, indicating a significant rise in the need for humanitarian assistance.On 28 July, Niger experienced a military coup and this marks the third Sahel country in less than three years.Acute food insecurity affects 3.3 million people, while a staggering 7.3 million are at risk of their situation deteriorating due to the ongoing crisis.In Karamoja region of Uganda, the deterioration in the food security situation is attributable to the continued localized insecurity.However, according to the Integrated Food Security Phase Classification (IPC), it is anticipated that the food security situation will slightly improve in the projection period (September 2023 -February 2024), with the population in IPC Phase 3 or above reducing from 582 000 people (45%) to 342 000 (27% On September 17th and 18th, a total of 8 deaths were recorded out of 72 cases in a village located in the centre of Cote d'Ivoire near the city of Bouaké, all of which had in common the consumption of a porridge originating from the same source.Children between the age of 0-15 years were mostly affected.No case was reported since 18 September 2023, therefore the event was closed.
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Correspondence on this publication may be directed to: Dr Etien Luc Koua Programme Area Manager, Health Emergency Information and Risk Assessment Programme.WHO Emergency Preparedness and Response WHO Regional Office for Africa P O Box. 06 Cité du Djoué, Brazzaville, Congo Email: afrooutbreak@who.int Requests for permission to reproduce or translate this publication -whether for sale or for noncommercial distribution -should be sent to the same address.
and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.Dotted and dashed lines on maps represent approximate borderlines for which there may not yet be full agreement." Spatial distribution of confirmed cases and deaths of Rift Valley fever in Uganda, 01 January-10 September 2023 September 2023, the Ministry of Health of Senegal was informed by Institut Pasteur of Dakar of a confirmed West Nile virus case in Yeumbeul district in Pikine Department, Dakar region.The case is a 73-year-old female residing in Yeumbeul district who had onset of symptoms of fever, headache, myalgia and arthralgia on 31 August 2023.She presented at a health facility on 01 September 2023 where she tested negative for malaria and received a symptomatic treatment with no clinical improvement.A blood sample was sent to Institut Pasteur of Dakar on 11 September 2023 for further testing.The sample tested IgM positive for West Nile virus on 19 September 2023.Further investigations are ongoing.Health in Benin announced the first confirmed case of COVID-19 on 16 March 2020.As of 3 May 2023, a total of 28 014 cases have been reported in the country, with 163 deaths and 27 847 recoveries.There have been three cases reported in 2023.There are 13 cases reported in 2022.Six cases were reported in 2021 and 2020, and eight in 2019.March 2020, the Minister of Health and Wellness in Botswana reported three confirmed cases of COVID-19.As of 2 September 2023, a total of 330 256 confirmed COVID-19 cases were reported in the country including 2 799 deaths.Upsurge in Dengue fever cases in the Haut-Bassins region since week 29, 2023.Seventy-five cases have been confirmed for DEN 1 (6%) and DEN 3 (94%) by RDT and/or PCR at the national reference laboratory.The ongoing cholera outbreak was officially declared on 1 January 2023.Cumulatively, a total of 1 030 cases with nine deaths (CFR 0.9%) have been reported March 2020, the Minister of Health in Burundi reported the first two confirmed cases of COVID-19.As of 13 August 2023, the total number of confirmed COVID-19 cases is 54 359, including 54 255 recoveries and 15 deaths.Cameroon hosts about 469 276 refugees as of 30 June 2023.Refugees from the Central African Republic are mostly hosted in the rural refugees camps in the eastern part of the country (North, Adamawa and East) and are estimated to be 355 448 refugees by the UNHCR as of 30 June.West and South-West regions in Cameroon are still experiencing humanitarian crisis which has led to the displacement of over 630 000 people into the country and more than 86 000 people to Nigeria.The crisis resulted in the collapse of essential services and infrastructure in some of the most affected areas, approximately 18 % of health facilities have been forced to close, and a number of operational ones are struggling to function adequately January to 22 June 2023, 92 suspected cases of Mpox, including five laboratory-confirmed and no deaths have been reported.Since January 2022, 207 suspected cases, including 23 confirmed and three deaths, have been reported in the country.CAR), has been ravaged by conflict and subsequent violence for over a decade.In 2023, the humanitarian community in CAR plans to assist 2.4 million most vulnerable people.With 50% of the population not having enough food, CAR has one of the highest proportions of critically food-insecure people in the world.July, the Ministry of Health and Population has recorded 1 736 confirmed measles cases, including 129 laboratory-confirmed cases, 874epidemiologically linked cases and one death.The measles outbreak is ongoing in 12 (34%) out of 35 health districts.March 2022 to 28 May 2023, 31 confirmed cases of Mpox and one death have been reported in the country.Since the start of 2023, the country has reported 14 laboratory-confirmed cases, including one death.The last cases were reported during week 21 (ending 28 May) in from Baboua-Abba and Paoua districts.Ten cases have been reported in the country this year.In addition, six cases were reported in 2022.Although no new cases were reported in 2021, four cVDPV2 cases were reported in 2020 and 21 cases in 2019 from several outbreaks.There is an ongoing yellow fever outbreak in the Central African Republic (CAR).This year from week 1 through week 33 (ending 20 August) , five confirmed cases of yellow fever were recorded including four new confirmed cases following the classification conducted on 7 July 2023 , these new confirmed cases are from the following districts : Sangha-Mbaéré (1), Berbérati ( 1) and Bambari (2).The humanitarian situation in Chad is a result of a combination of four major crises: forced population movements, food insecurity and malnutrition, health emergencies and the effects of climate change.Chad is the most affected country for the ongoing conflict in Sudan.As of 30 July 2023, the country is hosting 348 306 Sudanese refugees.The crisis in Sudan is therefore aggravating the humanitarian situation in the country.The first case of confirmed COVID-19 was notified on 30 April 2020 in Comoros.As of 23 May 2023, a total of 9 109 confirmed COVID-19 cases, including 160 deaths, were reported in the country.No new cases have been reported in Comoros since then.The trend of the ongoing gastroenteritis outbreak in Congo is declining for the number of new suspected cases.Cumulatively, from 28 June through 24 August 2023, a total of 2 389 suspected cases with 52 deaths (CFR 2.2 %) are reported mainly from Niari department.Of the reported cases: 21 are confirmed for cholera, 83 for shigellosis and 22 for typhoid fever.Congo announced the confirmation of the first case of COVID-19 in Congo on 14 March 2020.As of 14 May 2023, a total of 25 195 cases, including 389 deaths, have been reported in the country.January 2022 to 14 May 2023, the Republic of Congo has reported five laboratory-confirmed cases, with zero death (CFR 0.0%).circulatingvaccine-derivedpoliovirus type 1 (cVDPV1) was confirmed on 1 March 2023 in a 15-year-old child living in Dolisie, Niari Department, with onset of paralysis on 26 September 2022.March 2020, a total of 88 338 confirmed cases of COVID-19 have been reported from Côte d'Ivoire, including 835 deaths and a total of 87 497 recoveries.Dengue fever is ongoing in Ivory Coast.A total of 2 414 cases have been reported from 19 June to 19 August 2023, with 235 confirmed cases and no fatalities.Males are more affected (51%), and the age group of more than 15 years is predominant ( 54.5%).reaction-positivecase of yellow fever was reported in Côte d'Ivoire on 8 May 2023 following confirmation at the Institut Pasteur in Dakar.The patient is a 35-year-old male from Abidjan with an unknown yellow fever vaccination status.The date of onset of illness is 4 April 2023.The humanitarian situation in DRC remains difficult and dominated by internally displaced persons (IDPs).In Ituri and Tshopo, about 80 400 IDPs and 71 new IDPs remain without humanitarian assistance respectively.In Kasaï, on 28 July, inter-community conflicts resulted in 1 500 IDPs, and one death.In Mai-Ndombe, new clashes were recorded and around 500 IDPs and in North Kivu, 15 000 IDPs in Mokolo health area remain without humanitarian assistance.During the epidemiological week 29 (week ending 22 July 2023), 600 new cases and two deaths were reported.This marks a decrease compared to the preceding week (691 cases, 2 deaths).Cumulatively, 24 121 cases with 65 deaths (CFR 0.3%) have been documented across six provinces in the country.Since the start of the COVID-19 outbreak, declared on 10 March 2020, a total of 96 230 confirmed cases, including 1 468 deaths, have been reported as of week 33 of 2023.January 2022 through 13 April 2023, the Democratic Republic of the Congo reported 734 confirmed Mpox cases, with three death among the confirmed cases.According to the Global Polio Eradication Initiative, six cVDPV1 cases were reported; one each in Haut Lomami and Haut Katanga and four in Tanganyika.There have been 60 cases reported this year and 146 cases in 2022 were reported; one each in Haut Katanga, Lualaba and Tshopo.There have been 85 cases reported this year and 368 cases in 2022.Health and Welfare announced the first confirmed COVID-19 case on 14 March 2020.As of 23 February 2023, a total of 17 229 cases have been reported in the country, with 183 deaths and 16 907 recoveries.In Ethiopia, reports indicate 3.14 million Internal Displaced Persons and around 1.9 million returnees across the country.Currently in Tigray, there are over 1 million people that remain displaced with an estimated 700 000 previously returning home since the end of the conflict.Regionally, the heavy fighting in Sudan has resulted in 844 574 individuals having moved into neighboring countries, including 69 946 arrivals to Ethiopia as of July 23rd 2023.April 2023, two districts (Logia and Mille) in the Afar region of northeastern Ethiopia have been experiencing an outbreak of dengue fever.As of 10 May 2023, a total of 1 638 suspected and confirmed cases and nine associated deaths (CFR 0.5%) have been reported.hasbeenongoing in Kenya since 26 October 2022.As of 10 September 2023, a total of 12 102 cases, with 577 confirmed by culture, and 202 deaths (CFR 1.7%) have been reported in 27 affected Counties.March 2020, the Ministry of Health announced the confirmation of one new COVID-19 case in the country.As of 3 September 2023, 343 955 confirmed COVID-19 cases have been reported, including 5 689 deaths in the country.-derivedpoliovirustype 2 (cVDPV2) has been confirmed in Kenya.Three genetically linked cVDPV2s were isolated from two acute flaccid paralysis cases, and one asymptomatic community contact.Genetic sequencing confirms the isolated cVDPV2s are linked to cVDPV2s currently circulating in Banadir, Somalia.March 16, 2020, when the first case was confirmed in Liberia, until July 17, 2023, there have been 8 161 confirmed cases and 294 deaths.No new confirmed COVID-19 cases have been reported, and there are currently zero active cases in the country.Since the measles outbreak started on 13 December 2021, there have been 12 885 suspected cases, 12 213 confirmed cases, and 95 deaths with CFR 0.7% in 15 affected Counties as of week 38 of 2023.Montserrado County has recorded the highest number of deaths (69).Madagascar face food insecurity, including 479 000 children with acute malnutrition.Over 115 000 children need treatment for acute malnutrition this year.The situation is particularly dire in the Grand South and Grand South-east regions, where two out of five people are severely food insecure.April 2020, the president of Malawi announced the first confirmed cases of COVID-19 in the country.As of 27 August 2023, the country has 88 905 confirmed cases with 2 686 deaths.One positive case of wild WPV1 was detected in Lilongwe from a child with the date of onset of paralysis on 19 November 2021.No other cases have been reported.Malawi continues participating in the multi-country, subregional outbreak response to control the WPV1 outbreak.Mali is facing prolonged conflict, poverty, climate shocks, and growing insecurity.However, the current Humanitarian Response Plan for Mali is severely underfunded, with only 11% of the required funding secured.There has been a significant increase in IDPs in the regions of Kidal (32.8%) and Ménaka (20%).As of week 30 ( ending 30 July 2023) , over 7.5 million people are in need of humanitarian assistance.March 2020, the Ministry of Health of Mali reported the first COVID-19 confirmed cases in the country.As of 11 June 2023, a total of 33 150 confirmed COVID-19 cases have been reported in the country, including 743 deaths and 32 331 recoveries.Two dengue fever cases have been confirmed in commune V of Bamako District in Mali.Samples of 12 contacts have been sent to the National Institute of Public Health for testing; results are pending.Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) case was confirmed by RT-PCR on 9 September 2023 in a 23-year-old female in Assaba wilaya with date of symptom onset as of 5 September 2023.Three contacts to the case have been identified and are being followed up, and further investigations are ongoing.Since the beginning of 2023, measles cases have been reported in the three wilayas of Nouakchott and in eight other wilayas in the country.As of 11 June 2023, the country has reported 508 suspected measles cases (224 confirmed, including 133 laboratory-confirmed cases and 91 epidemiologically linked cases).Four deaths, including two community deaths, have been reported among the confirmed cases.Mauritius announced the first three positive cases of COVID-19 on 18 March 2020.As of 11 September 2023, a total of 309 786 confirmed COVID-19 cases, including 1 054 deaths have been reported in the country.Mauritius has been experiencing an outbreak of dengue fever since early June.As of 7 July 2023, 147 suspected cases have been reported, including 96 in Mauritius Island and 51 in Rodrigues Island.Most poor and very poor households in Mozambique face Minimal (IPC Phase 1) outcomes as the ongoing harvest improves food access and availability.In Cabo Delgado, ongoing humanitarian assistance drives Stressed (IPC Phase 2) outcomes, with Crisis (IPC Phase 3) outcomes persisting in conflict-affected areas.There have been a reduced number of attacks.According to the Global Polio Eradication Initiative, there was no WPV1 case reported this week.There were eight cases reported in 2022.WHO received a notification from the Namibia health authorities regarding suspected lead intoxication among children in Rosh Pinah, Kharas region following a detection of elevated lead concentration in the blood among six children screened at a private health facility.Further investigations are ongoing.
Distribution of Malaria attack rate/ 100 000 for per affected region in Ethiopia, as of 10 September 2023 Monthly trend of Malaria cases in Ethiopia, as of 10 September 2023Between week 1 and week 36 (week ending 10 September 2023), a total of 2036 human samples were tested at UVRI and CPHL-VHF laboratory in Uganda for viral haemorrhagic fevers (Ebola, Marburg, RVF and CCHF) of which 53 returned positive for RVF and one sample was tested positive for CCHF in week 6 (week ending 12 February 2023).Eight districts reported human RVF outbreaks since the beginning of 2023.In week 36, districts with active human RVF outbreaks were Kakumiro, Mbarara and Kazo dictricts.The last RVF case was confirmed on 4 September 2023 from Kakumiro district.From 25 February 2020 to 24 August 2023, a total of 271 853 confirmed cases of COVID-19 with 6 881 deaths have been reported from Algeria.On August 3, 2023, the Ministry of Health announced emergency measures to contain a diphtheria outbreak in the southern regions.There have been 80 cases, including 16 confirmed cases reported.According to Global Polio Eradication Initiative, no case of circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (cVDPV2) was reported this week.There were three cases reported in 2022.The first confirmed COVID-19 case was reported in Angola on 21 March 2020.As of 30 August 2023, 105 952 confirmed COVID-19 cases have been reported in the country, with 1 936 deaths.Since 2015, the security situation in the Sahel and Eastern Burkina Faso has gradually deteriorated due to attacks by armed groups.Access to healthcare services remains a major challenge for the affected population.As of 30 June 2023, 5.5million People were in need of humanitarian assistance and over 2.0million IDPs registered.The situation remains fluid.Between 9 March 2020 and 3 May 2023, a total of 22 056 confirmed cases of COVID-19 with 396 deaths and 21 596 recoveries have been reported from Burkina Faso.The increase in number of attacks from Non-States Armed Groups (NSAGs) in the localities bordering Nigeria has driven almost 10 000 in the Far North region from their homes between January and May 2023.In July, violence targeting civilians rose in the Far North region for the third consecutive month as the Lake Chad faction of the Islamic State West Africa (ISWAP) and Boko Haram (JAS) militants carried out numerous attacks in Logone-et-Chari, Mayo Sava, and Mayo Tsanaga departments The Ministry of Health and Population announced the confirmation of the first COVID-19 case in the Central African Republic on 14 March 2020.As of 18 June 2023, a total of 15 404 confirmed cases, 113 deaths and 15 252 recoveries were reported.The first confirmed COVID-19 case was reported in Chad on 19 March 2020.As of 26 April 2023, a total of 7 822 confirmed COVID-19 cases were reported in the country, including 194 deaths.Measles outbreak is still ongoing in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) affecting several provinces .As of 3 September 2023 ( week 35) , a total of 234 825 suspected cases with 4 415 measles-related deaths (CFR 1.9%) have been reported.The first case of COVID-19 was confirmed in the kingdom of Eswatini on 17 March 2020.As of 29 April 2023, a total of 74 670 cases have been reported with 1 425 associated deaths.Across Ethiopia, high food insecurity persists with over 20 million people in urgent need of food assistance.An estimated 8.8 million people need food assistance in the Afar, Amhara and Tigray region.In Tigray, a pause in food aid in early 2023 has led to an increased number of people consuming less food, worsening the food security situation.As of week 37, 2023, there have been a total of 69 reported cases of circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (cVDPV2).There was one case reported in 2022, one case in 2021, 10 cases in 2020, and 43 cases in 2019.It's important to highlight that no cases have been reported in 2023.On 12 March 2020, the Ministry of Health announced the confirmation of the first COVID-19 case in the country.As of 2 August 2023, a total of 48 992 cases, including 307 deaths and 48 676 recoveries have been reported.No New cases reported since then On 13 September 2023, Epidemiology and Disease Control (EDC) Unit was informed of a suspected case of Chikungunya from Bansang General Hospital in a 13-year-old girl from Dobo village in the District of Niani in the Central River Region.sample tested positive at the National Public Health Laboratory (NPHL).Confirmatory test at the Institut Pasteur de Dakar also tested positive for Chikununya RT-qPCR.The negative impacts of the prolonged drought in Kenya are likely to persist throughout 2023.Latest data shows a likely unprecedented deterioration in Kenya's food security situation, with over 5.4 million people experiencing acute food insecurity between March and June this year and likely to deepen in the following months.The outbreak has been reported from Muranga County.A total of 17 cases and three deaths have been reported from five sub-counties; Gatanga (1 case), Kandara (5, 2 deaths), Kigumo (7, 1 death, Maragwa (2), Maragwa (1) and Mathioya (1).The last case was reported between 22-29 May 2023.
May 2023, a total of 9 513 cases with 315 deaths have been reported across the country.A total of 9 203 recoveries have been reported from the country.An outbreak of diphtheria has been confirmed in Matameye health district, Zinder region.The first case was reported on 17 July 2023.As of 11 September 2023, a total of 665 suspected cases, including 30 deaths (CFR) were reported from 12 health districts.Four districts are currently in outbreak mode.496 over 665 recovered from the disease and 139 are under treatment.Public health response activities are ongoing in affected districts.As of epidemiological week 33, 2023 ( ending 20 August ) , 1 743 suspected measles cases were reported, of which 934 were investigated across 65 districts in the eight regions.Of these cases, 56% (n=517) were laboratory-confirmed. Additionally, 90% (n=65) of the districts reported at least one suspected case, and 35 (49%) health districts have reached the epidemic threshold since the beginning of the year.People face emergency levels of food insecurity, with very high rates of severe acute malnutrition that could lead to death in Borno, Adamawa and Yobe states.As of week 30, 2023, over 6 million people are targetted for humanitarian aid, 8.3 million people are in need of humanitarian assistance, 2.2 million IDPs, and 4.3 million people in need of food security aid.January to 27 August 2023, a cumulative total of 2 860 suspected cholera cases and 84 deaths (CFR 2.9%) were reported from 124 Local Government Areas in 25 states.Of all suspected cases, 51% are male, and the age groups most affected are <5 years, followed by 5-14 years.The most affected states are Zamfara (787), Cross River (718), Katsina (302), Bayelsa (265) and Ebonyi (227)., 2022 and week 31, 2023, 4 160 suspected cases of diphtheria were reported from 27 states in Nigeria.Kano (3 233), Yobe (477), and Katsina (132) States have reported the most cases.A total of 137 deaths were recorded among confirmed cases (CFR 7.5%).Of suspected cases, 1 534 were confirmed, including 87 laboratoryconfirmed, 158 epidemiologically linked, and 1 289 clinically compatible.April 2020, the Ministry of Health of Sao Tome and Principe reported the country's first case of COVID-19.As of 9 August 2023, a total of 6 562 confirmed cases of COVID-19 have been reported, including 80 deaths.A total of 6 462 cases have been reported as recoveries.There were no new cases reported in epidemilogical week 30, 2023.From epidemic week 1 to 29 of 2023 (ending 22 July 2023), 445 confirmed cases of measles with no deaths were reported from 13 regions in Senegal, with the most affected regions being Diourbel (294 cases), Kédougou (27 cases), and Tambacounda (24 cases).Of the 197 children aged 9 months to 5 years with confirmed measles, 168 (85%) were not vaccinated against measles.Since the first COVID-19 confirmed cases were reported in Seychelles on 14 March 2020 as of 28 February 2023, a total of 50 937 cases have been confirmed, including 50 750 recoveries and 172 deaths have been reported.The 2022 Integrated Phase Classification (IPC) analysis in South Sudan, projected that over half of the population in the country (63%) will be facing acute food insecurity between April 2022 and July 2023.Of these, 4.8 million people will be in crisis (IPC3), 2.9 million are projected to be in emergency (IPC4) and the number of people in catastrophe (IPC5) are expected to be 43 000.The humanitarian community in South Sudan estimates that 9.4 million people need humanitarian assistance in 2023.With the ongoing conflict in Sudan, South Sudan has received 195 242 individuals from Sudan since April 2023.Host communities and healthcare systems are struggling to cope with the increased demand for health and other services.April 2020, the Ministry of Health of South Sudan reported the country's first case of COVID-19.As of 3 May 2023, a total of 18 499 confirmed COVID-19 cases were reported in the country including 138 deaths and 18 353 recovered cases.Community Health, Community Development, Gender, Elderly and Children in Tanzania reported the country's first case of COVID-19 on 16 March 2020.As of 2 August 2023, a total of 43 078 confirmed cases have been reported in Tanzania Mainland including 846 deaths.March 2020, the Ministry of Health and Public Hygiene of Togo announced the confirmation of its first case of COVID-19.As of 3 May 2023, a total of 39 483 cases, including 290 deaths and 39 178 recovered cases, have been reported in the country.was reported this week.There were two cases reported in 2022.No cases were reported in 2021.There were nine cases in 2020, while the total number of cVDPV2 cases reported in 2019 remains at eight.
The Ministry of Health of Senegal reported a confirmed case of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever on 21 April 2023 in a 35-year-old male, butcher.The date of onset of symptoms was 10 April.On 9 May 2023, a second confirmed case was reported followed by a third confirmed case on 10 July.A total of 52 dengue confirmed cases have been reported in 13 districts of Senegal from week 1 to week 38 of 2023.The last confirmed case was recorded on 14 September 2023 (week 37) In Dakar-Centre district.The majority of cases have been reported from Thilogne (38; 73.1%) and Pikine (3; 5.8%) districts.
).Cholera outbreak was officially confirmed on 25 July, 2023 after three samples turned positive for cholera in Uganda.The four samples were collected from suspected cholera cases from Sigulu Islands, Namayingo district.Cumulatively, 81 cases of cholera with 10 deaths have been reported as of 14 September 2023.10% †Grading is an internal WHO process, based on the Emergency Response Framework.For further information, please see the Emergency Response Framework: http://www.who.int/hac/about/erf/en/.Data are taken from the most recently available situation reports sent to WHO AFRO.Numbers are subject to change as the situations are dynamic.The first COVID-19 confirmed case was reported in Uganda on 21 March 2020.As of 28 August 2023, a total of 171 843 confirmed COVID-19 cases with 3 632 deaths were reported.There is an ongoing malaria outbreak in Uganda , during week 35 ( ending 3 September ) , 15 health districts are in outbreak and three health districts are in alert mode and a total of 178 309 confirmed cases of malaria and 36 deaths have been reported January 2022 to 24 April 2023, a total of 1 178 suspected cases have been reported (984 during 2022, and 194 during 2023).Four cases have been confirmed from the following districts Kasese (1), Buikwe (2), and Buvuma (1) classified by having positive results through Plaque Reduction Neutralization Tests (PRNT) and no record of yellow fever vaccination.The last cases was reported in February 2023.The National Yellow Fever vaccination campaign phase I has been completed and the second phase is scheduled for October 2023.cases from eight districts; Mpulungu, Vubwi, Nsama, Nchelenge, Mwansabombwe, Chipata, Chipangali and Lusangazi.A total of 19 deaths have been reported.The first COVID-19 confirmed case was reported in Zambia on 18 March 2020.As of 11 May 2023, a total of 343 995 confirmed COVID-19 cases were reported in the country including 4 058 deaths.continues to evolve in Lusaka, North-western and Southern provinces affecting several districts.Cumulatively, the provinces have recorded 3 715 measles cases and 31 deaths as of 12 August 2023.The first cholera outbreak in the country in 2023 started on the 12 February 2023.Cumulatively there were 4 106 cholera cases with 112 deaths (CFR 2.5%) as of 24 September 2023.All of the ten provinces are affected with majority of the cases reported from Manicaland, Harare, Mash West and Mash Cent provinces.The first COVID-19 confirmed case was reported in Zimbabwe on 20 March 2020.As of 25 August 2023, a total of 265 731 confirmed COVID-19 cases were reported in the country including 5 714 deaths.