Bingo game: hidden treasure among heap of woods (the effectivity of a game in improving students’ vocabulary mastery)

Research in the context of English as a foreign language suggests the use of games in the teaching learning process, either as enforcement or as teaching variations to make students learn in more relax condition. Students in the beginning level of learning, including young learners, still need encouragement. Word games, as it is believed, have the advantages of creating a context which help students’ attention focus on the task in a relax situation. Students even do not realize that they are practicing the language while playing. From various games suggested to teach young learners, Bingo is the recommended one. Bingo game is one of word games usually played by children outside the classroom. This game is interesting and challenging. By doing some modification, this game can be used to teach vocabulary and create a context from the material given in the classroom with their daily life context that is described by pictures and words. Concerning the power possessed by Bingo game, the presents study aims to reveal the effectiveness of Bingo game for improving students’ vocabulary mastery of the third semester students of business management of tourism study program in Politeknik Negeri Banyuwangi. Vocabulary is selected as the sub skill taught using Bingo game since based on the preliminary study done the students in this program claimed that they have difficulty in memorizing it. Classroom action research design will be employed to answer the research questions in this study. The result of this study shows that Bingo game was able to improve students’ vocabulary mastery. It was showed by the improvement got from the students score after Bingo game applied. Keyword: bingo game, vocabulary teaching, vocabulary mastery Journal of Applied Studies in Language, Volume 3 Issue 1 (Jun 2019), p. 37—42 p-issn 2598-4101 e-issn 2615-4706 © Politeknik Negeri Bali http://ojs.pnb.ac.id/index.php/JASL


Introduction
Research in the context of English as a foreign language suggests the use of games in the teaching learning process, either as enforcement or as teaching variations to make students learn in more relax condition. Students in the beginning level of learning, including young learners, still need encouragement. Word games, as it is believed, have the advantages of creating a context which help students' attention focus on the task in a relax situation. Students even do not realize that they are practicing the language while playing. From various games suggested to teach young learners, Bingo is the recommended one. Bingo game is one of word games usually played by children outside the classroom. This game is interesting and challenging. By doing some modification, this game can be used to teach vocabulary and create a context from the material given.
The importance of vocabulary in learning English as a foreign language cannot be neglected. Many people in this world know that vocabulary is very important to be mastered. As one of the language components that influence all language skills, namely speaking, listening, reading and writing, the mastery of vocabulary is really needed. Vocabulary mastery is needed to comprehend the content of the material that is being learned by the students. Team (2000: 13) concludes that vocabulary plays an important role in developing students' understanding. In line with this statement, Zimmerman (in Amer, 2002: 1) states that the central of a language is vocabulary and the language learners need to master it. According to Lehr et.al (2001) vocabulary is a kind of words that students must know to comprehend the text. So, if they do not have enough vocabulary, their understanding of the text will not maximize. This idea is supported by Bob (2010) who states that the more vocabulary students know, the better understanding they will have.
Management business of tourism is one study program in Politeknik Negeri Banyuwangi. In this study program, English is taught for three semesters. At the first semester students are given general English but at the second and the third semester students are given English profession one and English profession two. In English profession they are taught English which is related to the tourism. One of material taught on English profession is about hotel vocabularies. In this material, students taught some vocabularies related to the stuff used in the hotel, profession in hotel, and facilities. This material is much needed to be mastered by the students since they these vocabularies connected with the next material.
Unfortunately, on the post-test given after the teaching and learning process some students got bad score. After asking some students why they got that bad score, they stated that they have difficulty in memorizing the vocabulary. Based on this claim, the researcher is eager to find the technique which is able to help students to memorize the vocabulary easily and from many techniques, game is taught appropriate to use. It cannot be denied that the role of games in learning vocabulary is very significant. According to Huyen and Nga (2003: 14) games give advantages in learning vocabulary in many ways. The advantages and effectiveness of using game in teaching vocabulary are such as bringing relax and fun atmosphere for students, helping students learn and retain new words easily, involving friendly competition, keeping learners' interest, bringing real world context into the classroom, and improving students' use of English in a flexible and communicative way.
After looking at some game ever played by the researcher, the researcher chosen Bingo game to be applied since previously the researcher ever used this game on the teaching and learning process and this game proved able to improve students' comprehension on vocabulary. This finding is in line with Weisskirch (2009: 6) who states that Bingo activity successfully increased students' understanding of most fundamental theoretical concepts. Bingo is a kind of game played and enjoyed by a large number of people all over the world. This game is easy to play and can be used to teach contextual vocabulary to the students in all ages. Agoestyowati (2010: 7) states that bingo is good and competitive game that can be used to concentrate students' attention. Moreover, Smith (2010: 1) says that Word Bingo is a fun way to teach spelling and vocabulary. So, by using Bingo, children can learn new vocabulary in a fun way. Based on the background above, the problem of this research "Is the use of Bingo game able to improve Business management students' vocabulary mastery?"

Method 2.1 Research design
This research applied classroom action research methodology. There are four steps that should be done in doing this classroom action research. Those steps are planning, acting, observing, and reflecting. At the first step, namely planning, the researcher analyzed the problem possessed by the students, finding the suitable technique and the last was arranging the lesson plan and media used. After the lesson plan arranged, the researcher conducted the action. The action, the teaching and learning processed done before the test give to the students. While teaching and learning process happened, the researcher also observes students' condition on the classroom. This is done to makes sure that the teaching and learning process goes based on the plan arranged and to know the students' activeness on the classroom. On the next day, posttest given to the students. this post-test done to know the result gotten after the action done. After the test given, the researcher did a reflection. This step done to know how is the result of the research, why the result gotten, and decide what should be done next, whether the next cycle need to done or not.

Research subject
The subject of this research is the third-grade students of business management of tourism study program, Politeknik Negeri Banyuwangi.

Data collection method
The data on this research are gotten through the use some instruments. The instruments used in this research are observation (Wajdi, 2018) check list, test and interview guide line. The instruments used to get the data then analyze it to find the result of the research.

Data analysis method
The data analysis done through counting the score gotten before and after the technique applied. Students' scores are summed then divided based on the total number of the student to find the mean score. After that those scores are compared with the score gotten after the technique applied.

The procedures to play Bingo
The procedures to play Bingo are same among Uchida (2003: 1), Wright et.al (1996: 114) and Amazon (2010: 1), so, those three procedures were applied in this research. They were formulated as follows: § The teacher gave Bingo card to each student (Uchida, 2003 Based on the results, it was known that there is improvement on the students score 24.5 % than they score before the action. It happened because the students who were taught vocabulary by using the Bingo Game said that they were easier to memorize the vocabulary by using pictures and words. The students also said that they were interested in the pictures showed when they were playing the Bingo Game in the classroom. Consequently, they paid more attention to the materials given when the lecturer was teaching vocabulary by using the Bingo Game. This claim seems like similar with what Wright et.al (1996:14) say that the use of pictures play an important part in the learning process. Pictures also attracted the students' attention and helped to encourage them to focus on the subject. This was a good technique to teach vocabulary to the students.
Furthermore, the successful of using the Bingo Game to teach vocabulary was supported by the previous researcher who proved that teaching vocabulary by using the Bingo Game was able to improve the students' vocabulary achievement. The previous research that used the Bingo Game was done by Kurniati in 2009. She conducted a classroom action research at SMPN 10 Jember in the 2008/2009 academic year. The research result showed that the use of the Bingo Game could improve the students' vocabulary achievement of large vocabulary (nous, verbs, adjectives and adverbs). The improvement achieved could be seen from the students' scores of vocabulary test in the second cycle.
The students' vocabulary score in the second cycle was better than the vocabulary scores in the first cycle. In the previous research, the researcher had a target that 75% of the students got score more than 70 covering the material of nouns, adjectives, adverbs and verbs. In the first cycle, only 25 students or 67.57% who got score more than 70 but in the second cycle the students who got score more than 70 or fulfilled good category (70%-80%) are 100 %.

Conclusion
Based on the result of the research, it can be concluded that the use of Bingo game is able to improve students' vocabulary mastery on the topic of hotel vocabulary. This improvement can be seen from the score gotten before and after the action done. As it is known, the mean score of the students score before the action is 50 and after the action is 74.5. There is improvement in score 24.5.