einstein (São Paulo). 07/Mar/2023;31:eAO0089.
Immunogenicity profile after COVID-19 vaccination in patients with onco-hematological diseases
João Bosco de Almeida Neto
, Inara Lúcia Arce
, Vera Lúcia de Piratininga Figueiredo
, Perla Vicari
DOI: 10.31744/einstein_journal/2023AO0089
Highlights
Lymphoproliferative disorders were associated with lower vaccine response rates than other disorders.
Previous exposure to COVID-19 before vaccination was associated with higher antibody values.
The duration of anti-B-lymphocyte therapy related to vaccination had an effect on response rates.
The incidence of adverse effects of patients with onco-hematological diseases was similar to that of the healthy population.
ABSTRACT
Objective
To evaluate the influence of onco-hematological pathologies on seroconversion to COVID-19 vaccines, in addition to the effects of chemotherapy treatment on this response.
Methods
The present study evaluated the immunogenic response of 76 patients with onco-hematological diseases to multiple vaccine platforms compared to 25 control individuals.
Results
Our results showed positive response rates of 74.02% in patients with onco-hematological diseases and 100% in controls. When analyzed according to etiological group, patients with lymphoproliferative disorders achieved a positive vaccine response rate of 58.7%, whereas those with myeloproliferative diseases achieved a 100% response rate. We also observed that patients previously exposed to COVID-19 presented a 75% increase in their antibody values after vaccination, and these values were 37% higher than those of patients who did not have such exposure. We found that patients who underwent B-lymphocyte-depleting therapy in the last 2 years before vaccination had a worse response rate of 18.75%.
Conclusion
Despite the immunosuppression of patients with onco-hematological diseases, caused by the biology of their diseases and treatment, benefit and safety in vaccinating these patients are observed, in view of the important recall immune response and incidence of adverse effects similar to those of the healthy population.
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