GEOSPATIAL AND COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION COMBINATION IN COMPLETE SYSTEMATIC LAND REGISTRATION IMPLEMENTATION IN HULU

Land certif ication provides land legal certainty for every citizen of the Republic of Indonesia, especially, farmers, who constitute the majority of the population of Indonesia. The importance of the agricultural land has been explained in the Republic of Indonesia’s Defense White Paper that the growing amount of agricultural land has a detrimental effect on the Indonesian nation which is agrarian. Decreasing agricultural land is the main factor causing reduced food security. Geospatial technologies such as remote sensing and terrestrial surveys are very helpful for Complete Systematic Land Registration (PTSL) activities. However, the implementation in the f ield of technology has not yet been optimized due to the lack of the support from Regional Government and the Community. By taking the PTSL implementation in two villages in BarabaiSubdistrict, Hulu Sungai Tengah Regency, it was found that problems related to the absence of certainty of village boundaries, accurate and scattered control points and community understanding of the importance of the legality of their land are inhibiting factors for PTSL activities. By combining this technology with community participation it will produce the right and ideal combination.


A.Introduction
Declining agricultural land as a result of rapid population growth and needs, as well as, reduced human resource management of agriculture are signif icant factors causing reduced food security. It is predicted that food dependency between countries will continue to grow as the population grows (Buku Putih Pertahanan RI 2015, 17). Our Defense System is universal in nature, involving all citizens. The food sector is one of the most vital in maintaining the stability of the country's defense.
Every citizen has the right to be guaranteed food in order to live and survive. Therefore, the fulfillment of the need for food is the most basic human right that is not negotiable. Moreover, lack of food and malnutrition that affects a person or family means human rights violations. It is the responsibility of the community, government and the country. In the Declaration of Human Rights in 1948 and the World Conference on Human Rights in 1993 it was agreed that every individual DOI: 10.31292/jb.v5i3.391 has the right to obtain adequate food. Therefore, it must be available in every place in residential areas in suff icient quantities, appropriate quality, and medically safe for consumption, and at an affordable price (Jusuf Sutanto dan Tim 2006).
In developing countries such as Africa, Asia and Latin America there is rapid migration from the traditional agricultural sector to the modern urban sector due to population growth (Xiao and Zhao 2018). For farmers, agricultural land is the key to agricultural production and an important source of livelihood (Su et al. 2018).
It is stated in Law Number 26 of 2007 concerning Spatial Planning that space is a container which includes land space, sea space, and air space, including space in the earth as a unified territory, where humans and other creatures live, carry out activities, and maintain its survival. Space needs to be arranged because of the limited natural resources, while the needs of growing is getting more and more diverse. The shape of the space to be arranged results to an understanding known as spatial planning (Arnowo 2017, 39).
UUPA is an advanced agrarian law, with the UUPA, the government and post-colonial society carried out a reconstruction of agrarian political buildings to fulfill the objectives of establishing a nation state as stated in the basic documents of the state: Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution. In the colonial period the rights of farmers to agrarian resources (earth, water, space and natural resources contained in it) were guaranteed and the acquisition of results wereregulated so that people become prosperous. This effort is also called agrarian reform (agrarian reform). Agrarian reform in the narrow sense is land reform. The word land reform comes from English, meaning renewal in the f ield of ownership, control and use of land. (Rachman 1999).Implementation of land registration throughout the territory of the Republic of Indonesia is an obligation of the government and right holders in accordance with Article 19, 23, 32, and 38 of the UUPA (Mujiburohman 2018). Comparing table 1 and table 2, it is shown that there is a difference in data of (44.22%) for districts / cities and the difference in data (31.11%) in the Hulu Sungai Tengah Regency. This reduction in paddy f ields by more than 30 percent requires in-depth data analysis and direct checking in the f ield. Many factors cause a decline in agricultural production, one of which is a long drought. Global warming, environmental degradation, increasing population, and poverty will further increase the risk of drought faced by society (Maarif 2011). Another problem that causes differences in paddy area data is the use of different administrative boundaries or delineation boundaries. The determination of the boundary line of an area begins with the drawing of the boundary lines on the map/drawing carried out independently by each party and bordering by meeting certain accuracy standards and technical specifications. Followed by f ield verif ication using GPS (Sutisna 2006). Until now, the existence of farmers still needs serious attention given that younger people, nowadays, are not interested in working in this sector. Improving data related to the extent of paddy f ields continues to be addressed by the Ministry Agency/Agency. The role of geospatial is increasingly important in improving data. Geospatial data is also able to provide better data accuracy from year to year. Agricultural land is a limited resource. Legal regulations are needed for selling agricultural land. One of the control systems is the National Land Administration System which is updated to determine which will be used to manage agriculture. This system effectively protects land from land use change that is not suitable for allotment (Klimach, Dawidowicz and Dudziñska 2019).
In 2017, Hulu Sungai Tengah Regency was one of the districts that carried out PTSL activities. Cooperation between the regional leaders, in this case, the Hulu Sungai Tengah Regent and the Head of the Hulu Sungai Tengah Regency Defense Office in the form of a cooperation agreement. As an initial pilot, two villages were taken that would become the reference for implementation in other villages / kelurahan. The purpose of this study is to see the extent of collaboration between the District Government and the Land Office that has been able to carry out PTSL activities and the extent of the role of geospatial data in helping the implementation of PTSL. The benef its of this research are as an evaluation of the collaboration between the Regency Government and the Land Off ice as well as geospatial data support in supporting the success of the PTSL program.
With the PTSL activity that combines geospatial data in a terrestrial and photogrammetric manner, it is expected to provide more accurate data. Additional information is also expected to be obtained by communicating directly with farmers through socialization activities in villages affected by the PTSL program.

B. PTSL Program
The most essential function of a cadastral survey system is to provide reliable information and descriptions of land parcels. Land parcels are the basic spatial unit in the operation of a land administration system. A cadastral survey system targets societal requirements by implementing cadastral survey and mapping activities and then supplies spatial related information to users.
The Complete Systematic Land Registration (PTSL) activity itself is one of the elaborations of the government's vision and mission in the 2014 -2019 RPJMN in supporting farmers' welfare. Giving certif icates to the community will provide economic effects that can improve their welfare.
Land Off ice as the spearhead of PTSL activities. In practice, the number and speed of achievement of registered f ields between one Land Office and other off ices is different (Purbawa 2018).

C. Geospatial Technology
Remote sensing and allied technologies like Geographic Information System (GIS), Personal Digital Assistant (PDA), Global Positioning System (GPS), and internet technology collectively known as geospatial technologies, provide such information in timely and cost-effective manner (Dwivedi 2019).
The terms Geographic Information System (GIS) and Land Information System (LIS) are sometimes used interchangeably. They do have many similarities, but the different characteristic between the two is that a LIS has its focus directed primarily toward land records data. Information stored within a LIS for a given locality would include a spatial database of land parcel information derived from property description in the U.S. Public Land System, other types of legal descriptions such as metes and bounds or block and lot that apply to parcels in the area, and other cadastral data. It might include the actual deeds and other records linked to the spatial data. Information on improvements and parcel values would also be included (Ghilani, Charles D, Wolf 2008).
Derived from two Latin words remotus, meaning far away or distant in time or place, and sensus meaning to detect a stimulus by means of any of the f ive senses-remote sensing refers to detecting an object/feature/phenomenon with an observation device that is not in intimate physical contact with it (Dwivedi 2019).
Engineering and scientific applications of surveying and mapping are needed in solving human problems in the social and economic f ields, one of which is land administration. Survey and mapping activities are needed to determine the right location for development (Opaluwa et al.2014).
The study sites were in BanuaJingah Village and Banua Budi Village BarabaiSubdistrict, Hulu Sungai Tengah Regency, South Kalimantan Province. These two villages were chosen because they are close to the Regency capital. The two villages also have farmer groups and field agriculture officers who actively collect data on farmers' land ownership.
Land use in both villages can also be clearly identified through satellite imagery. Boundaries of settlements, rice f ields, roads, gardens and buildings are clearly visible.

Meeting/Socialization
Several meetings were held with residents from BanuaJingah Village and Banua Budi Village Barabai District to obtain preliminary data related to rice f ield ownership. PTSL team received input for the implementation of PTSL. The socialization activities can be seen in Figure 1.  In cross-socialization, a cross check related to the existence of data has been collected by the Department of Food Crops and Horticulture, Hulu Sungai Tengah Regency for data up to 2017. Recapitulation of data on farmer groups and land ownership is shown in table 3.

Field Survey
The field survey is divided into two stages. The f irst stage was carried out by village off icials by collecting data on rice field ownership. The head of the farmers' groups in each village installed stakes in the rice f ields. Initial data on rice field ownership was obtained from the Department of Agriculture in collaboration with farmer groups.
The second stage is carried out by measuring rice f ields. In the implementation,the measurements used GPS Geodetic. For the initial control point, the control point belongs to the Government of Hulu Sungai Tengah Regency, located in the village of Bakapas. This point is the closest control point from the PTSL location. Preliminary f ield checks and measurements using GPS Geodetic can be seen in Figure 2. The measurement of teristris is very helpful in identifying and delineating which ones are paddy f ields and which ones are not. In addition, the f ield survey makes it easy to collect boundary data between villages. Because, frequently, the village boundaries are only in the form of small rivers that have dried up, this will not be identif ied through satellite imagery.

Overlay Field Survey Data with Geospatial Data
Field measurement data using Geodetic GPS is then overlaid with 2013 and 2018 paddy f ield area data and SPOT 2016. Satellite image data shows that there are still many paddy f ields that cannot be measured. The overlay results are shown in Figure 3. The comparison of the data from the recapitulation of related services (table 3) with the results of satellite imagery delineation that has been carried out f ield checks can be seen in Figure 4. For comparison of the data on rice f ields in Banua Budi Village from the recapitulation of the Department of Agriculture and delineation of satellite images that have been carried out, f ield checking is shown in Figure 5. The difference between the two data sources is possible due to delineation errors as well as differences in the reference boundaries. So, the area used as a model of PTSL activities includes areas where data is complete. However, errors in the delineation of satellite imagery or the determination of village boundaries that have not been determined by the Regent's decree are very likely to cause mistakes.

F. Conclusion
After conducting socialization and measurement in the f ield, several conclusions were obtained, including: (a) The data submitted by the Farmer Group that had been recapitulated by the Departement of Agriculture, Hulu Sungai Tengah Regency until 2017 did not reflect the actual situation on the ground; (b) After conducting a preliminary survey, many landowners began to work with areas of whichthe f ields did not match the conditions in the f ield; (c) people are not willing to be certif ied because they are afraid of being taxed; (d) under-spread control points cause diff iculty in binding in parcel measurements; (e) Of the two villages sampled there is still much to be evaluated, especially the socialization of the importance of land certification.
The use of geospatial data is absolutely necessary so before the measurement, team observes the f ield to make initial identif ication through satellite imagery or aerial photographs. Initial delineation of spatial data will facilitate the movement of tools and measuring teams.