On the study of cultural and educational institutions in the independence period of 20-30 years of the xx century

This scientific article analyzes the research conducted in the 20-30s of the last century in the history of culture of Uzbekistan during the period of independence and their results. The research is divided into research groups conducted during the years of independence in the framework of the Soviet government's education and social life, cultural processes, in particular attitudes towards religion, attitudes towards women, policies against the national intelligentsia and the repressive policy of the Soviet government in the field of culture. studied.


INTRODUCTION
It is well known from history that the factors that determine the existence of any nation in the world and its survival are its language and culture. The history of culture in Central Asia, especially in Uzbekistan in the 20-30s of the last century, the cultural processes that took place during this period, the impact of the policy pursued by the Soviet government on the social, political and cultural life of the country. serves as. During the years of independence, the study of the history of culture of Uzbekistan and its analysis on the basis of the idea of national independence has developed in accordance with the requirements of the new era. During these years, Uzbekistan has created criteria for studying historical issues in modern history on the basis of new theoretical and methodological approaches.
In particular, a number of studies have been conducted in recent years to study the cultural history and cultural processes of the 20s and 30s of the twentieth century, which entered the social and cultural life of Uzbekistan as a period of conflict and struggle, and this process continues today.
During the years of independence, a number of researches were conducted in the field of historiography, which is one of the most important issues in the history of culture of Uzbekistan, in the 20-30s of the XX century. In this regard, it is possible to analyze the research of the independence period in the 20-30s of the XX century in the context of the history of social life and culture of Uzbekistan, divided into several groups.
In particular, D. Alimova assesses the formation of the first theoretical views in the literature created during the Soviet period as follows: "By the end of the 1920s, the path of cultural development, theoretical views were formed in its essence. During this period there was no special scientific work on theoretical matters, and almost all the literature was irrigated with ready-made political ideas based on organ directives. The topics of the publications of this period were the policy of the Soviet government in the field of cultural construction, not only the class struggle, but also the struggle against nationalism and statehood chauvinism in the life of culture and society. The author concludes that the essence of the policy pursued by the Soviet government during the years of building a Bolshevik society was to erode nationalism in society. D.Alimova also made a detailed analysis of the ideological struggles in the country during the period under study, the ideological trends in the history of culture of Uzbekistan.

THEORITICAL BACKGROUND
Speaking about cultural historiography in the 20-30s of the XX century, N.A. aspect). He also for the first time made an in-depth analysis of the problems of historiography of the history of culture of Uzbekistan on the basis of local and foreign historiography. This study is based on the analysis of historiography, and the problems of Soviet culture are studied on a historical scale. The peculiarity of the research is that the research on the history of culture of Uzbekistan is carried out consistently and for the first time.The tradition of researching the development and problems of culture of Uzbekistan in the 20-30s of the XX century within a certain area was continued during the years of independence by MH Turaeva, NK Kuvvatova, GM Khusainbekova. In these studies, the level of study of the topic was carried out only within the selected area. We can see that the Bolshevik policy of the Soviet government in the cultural sphere in the 20-30s of the XX century was implemented in all regions using the same methods of work. The general nature of the research is that most researchers in their work have certainly addressed problematic aspects of the education system. In the 20s and 30s of the last century, Kashkadarya and Khorezm were relatively remote areas with difficult economic and especially cultural conditions. Today, the topical issue of the role of women in the social and cultural life of the 20-30s of the XX century in our country, who have become equal members of society, was studied on the basis of new archival materials and new views during the years of independence. Initially, the issue of women was critically studied by D. Alimova in the field of historiography. KV Nishanbaeva conducted research on the form and content of the work carried out in Uzbekistan in 20-30 years to raise the cultural level of women, the role of women in social life. The researcher notes that the ruling political authorities conducted cultural and educational activities among women for political purposes, which resulted in changes in the moral principles of local women. The researcher examines the methods and system of attracting local women to institutions such as the Red Corner, the Red Tea House, and the Women's Shop in the 1920s, and analyzes changes in social life in the spirit of national independence. A study by ND Juraeva analyzed the impact of communist ideology on the lives of local women on the basis of new archival sources. K. Nishanbaeva studied the impact of collectivization and industrialization on the lives of women, developed by the Soviet government in the 20-30s of the last century, in three stages, and N. Juraeva in two historical stages. Also, the essence and consequences of the Soviet policy in the field of education in 20-30 years, which became an integral part of cultural life during the years of independence, studied by I.Y. Tursunov, T.Kh. Choriev, A.Kh. Choriev, O.Kamilov as a separate object of research was carried out. These studies reveal the problems in the system of education and training and the importance of education policy pursued by the Soviet government in the colonial context. The growth of class in the system of training has been studied by researchers on the basis of archival documents and other sources that the general education system has been subjected to tyranny.
In recent years, the issue of the results and consequences of the Bolshevik policy pursued by the Soviet government in the 1920s in the context of the beginning of the ideological struggle and the denial of national culture and values has been enriched by new historical research. N.Mustafaeva argued that the policy of the Soviet government on religious issues went through several stages, the first two of which were directly related to the period under study, the first stage in 1917-1941, the second stage in 1927-1941. He noted that the Soviet government's attitude toward religion varied according to the mood of the people, and that propaganda-based works were ideologically and objectively covered in the 1920s, while works from the 1930s onwards were marked by a strong anti-religious attitude. Botu (Mahmud Khodiev), one of the enlighteners of his time, was one of the enlighteners of his time (1904-) with the development of anti-religious activities, the formation of the organization "Atheists" and the publication of the name of the association in the Uzbek language. 1938 yy). It is known from history that the main activities of such Soviet organizations were carried out in clubs and red teahouses. The historiography of the anti-religious policy pursued by the Soviet government is now being supplemented by new data in research in this area.

MAIN PART
In general, during the period of independence, an objective assessment of historical events and processes has intensified. As a result, work began on problems that had not yet been explored in the history of culture. In particular, research was conducted on the basis of archival sources, which revealed the Soviet policy of repression, which began in the 30s of the twentieth century, and its negative impact During the period of independence, research was also conducted on the analysis of the implementation of the policy of repression directly in one or more regions in the 20-30s of the XX century. In particular, JN Abdurahmanova studied the repressive policy of the Soviet government in the field of education in 1925-1941 and its consequences on the example of Samarkand, Surkhandarya, Kashkadarya regions, AE Toirov in Samarkand region against the landlords and clergy by the Soviet government. the history of the armed struggles that resulted from the policy of repression is examined. The peculiarity of the researcher's work was that the work done in it within the history of the policy of repression was carried out in the nature of the history of armed action.
The repressive policy of the Soviet government was studied by ZR Ishankhodjaeva in the periodic period 1925-1950. The study analyzes how the Soviet government's repressive policy in the cultural sphere was implemented in matters of education, science, religion, and writing. Circumstances such as the restriction of cultural freedom as a result of Soviet totalitarian policy, the strengthening of the command mechanism, the ideological reconstruction of all cultural systems have been critically analyzed by the researcher.
Also, during the years of independence, a number of studies were conducted, which covered some aspects of the activities of cultural and educational institutions selected as the object of study. In particular, studying the history of cultural and educational work in Uzbekistan, M. Nurmuhamedova spoke about the cultural and educational institutions that emerged in the 20-30s of the last century and the content of propaganda work carried out in it. This monograph is one of the first studies on the post-1917 purpose of cultural and educational institutions during the years of independence, the content of the work, as well as a general study of cultural and educational institutions and their activities.
At the same time, research has been conducted on the history of the activities of educational centers, such as libraries and reading rooms, which are an important part of the structure of cultural and educational institutions. For example, for the first time in her research on the history of libraries, O. Kasimova objectively assessed the activities of libraries, in contrast to the literature created during the Soviet era. That is, the real state of the Soviet-era libraries and reading rooms and the problems in them were critically revealed. The peculiarity of the study is that the author did not mention the exact sources of the information cited in some passages.
E. Akhunjanov studied the state of private and public libraries in the country during the Soviet era, the main problems hindering its development on the basis of source analysis. The study aims to shed light on the development of private, scientific, children's and public libraries in Uzbekistan during the years of colonial and independence. The above research is also carried out in the framework of library research, and the participation of libraries and reading rooms in advocacy work in 20-30 years does not fully cover the areas of activity.
At the beginning of the XXI century, in the 20-30s of the last century, the Soviet government conducted research aimed at developing political measures aimed at denying national cultures and highlighting the state of national cultures. Initially, MB Yuldasheva studied the development and problems of national culture of Uzbekistan in the 1920s under the influence of politicization and ideological science of cultural life as a result of the "cultural revolution". It focuses on the fact that with the politicization of culture, Uzbek intellectuals have been divided into three groups. He also acknowledges that the system of organizing cultural and educational institutions has been formed by the researcher since the 1920s. However, the process of providing these institutions with the necessary literature and manuals was not carried out in a proper and systematic manner.
In his research, FU Tilovatov analyzed the content of the "cultural revolution" developed by the Soviet government on the basis of archival sources. The study shows that the Sovietization of cultural life and the reform of the education system during the years of the "Cultural Revolution", the class struggle and the policy of the Soviet government towards national intellectuals took place in cultural and educational institutions as a practical study of ideological work in these processes. In this study, data on the activities of cultural and educational institutions are statistically analyzed how the number of institutions has increased during the years of the "cultural revolution". The researcher also noted that in the early scientific literature, which reflected the essence of the Soviet system since the 1920s, "these works, written in the official dogmatic spirit of communist doctrine, only positively assessed the October coup and its consequences. The main focus is on inculcating the idea that the Uzbek people have "reached the peak of socialist development from a century of backwardness due to the October Revolution." In the research work, the cultural and educational institutions that promote socialist culture have a general approach to the activities of clubs, peasant houses, red corners, red teahouses. It is well known from history that not only the cultural revolution, but the bulk of all forms of propaganda was carried out in these institutions.
In the mid-20s of the twentieth century, the rise of measures aimed at alienating the local population from the national culture and its impact on the Uzbek alphabet and the issues of writing were reinterpreted in the research conducted by N.Mustafaeva and G.Asatova during independence. The struggle in the history of Uzbek writing in the 1920s and 1930s and the Latinization of the old Uzbek script were another policy of the Soviet government that led the local population to illiteracy during the period under study.
During the period of independence in the 20-30s of the XX century, work was carried out to study the state of cultural life in rural and urban areas, the activities of cultural and educational institutions in these areas. IE  Research on the difficult conditions of economic and social life of Uzbekistan in the 20-30s of the XX century during the period of independence and the living standards of the local population in it T.E. Khujamberdiev, Yu.H. , Studied by researchers such as T. Rakhmonov, F. Nabiev as a separate research object. Also, some aspects of the state of national journalism and the press in 20-30 years are analyzed in the study of N. Abduazizova. In this study, it is noted that during the Soviet era, the press was also divided in the communist spirit, and control was strengthened, and freedom of speech was in a special mold. Also, in the fundamental scientific literature created by the team of historians of our country during the years of independence, the policy of the Soviet government in the field of culture in the 20-30s of the XX century and its results were published on the basis of new materials.

CONCLUSION
In short, the scientific analysis of the scientific literature on the history of political, economic, social and cultural life of Uzbekistan in the 20-30s of the twentieth century during independence has reached a new stage in the study of the Soviet period. The main aspect of the issue is the study of the historical processes of this period, supplemented by new data. First of all, the critical and objective study of 20-30 years in the historiography of the independence period began. At the same time, the study of the Soviet period began to create a certain pattern or circles with no boundaries. These studies are characterized by a clear analysis of the clear purpose of the policy of the Soviet government in the political, cultural and social spheres of the last 20-30 years and its consequences. However, research showing the participation of these institutions in the cultural processes of the 20s and 30s of the last century, which were assessed as the initial period of Soviet influence in the activities of cultural and educational institutions, has not yet been studied as a separate object.