THE LEVEL AND STRUCTURE OF THE INCIDENCE OF MALIGNANT TUMORS OF THE ORAL CAVITY AMONG THE POPULATION OF THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN

To determine dynamic and sex-age prevalence of the malignant tumors of the republic of the Uzbekistan. Materials and methods: All oncological patients with malignant tumors of the oral cavity the period of 2008-2018.


Relevance of the topic
It is important to study maxillofacial oncology among the population, including the possible causes and factors of development, the prevalence and social aspects of oral oncology, including oral malignant neoplasms (MNT). Currently, with the development of dentistry and maxillofacial surgery, the availability of scientific work in this area allows dentists, dentists, facial surgeons, general practitioners, otolaryngologists and other specialists in various departments of the oncological network to timely carry out work to increase the level of diagnosis and oncological alertness. The last decades have been distinguished by the fact that such modern diagnostic methods of research as ultrasound scanning, computed and magnetic resonance imaging, as well as molecular diagnostics, immunological and biochemical methods for detecting malignant neoplasms of the oral cavity have been introduced into the clinical practice of all countries [1][2][3][4]. All these research methods not only improved the quality of diagnosis, but also influenced such quality indicators as reducing the cost of preventive measures, timely and early detection of cancer and mortality from them [2,3]. In order to actively combat WIP and develop preventive measures, an initial understanding and study of the statistical aspects of this problem is necessary. The latest studies of oncoepidemiologists have shown that over the past 30-40 years, there has been a tendency for the growth of RPR [2][3][4]. This is due not only to the improvement in the implementation of modern diagnostic methods, but also to the increased influence of various environmental factors (physical, chemical and biological) on the body [5]. Undoubtedly, not only environmental factors, but also internal (genetic) factors, as well as bad habits, play an important role in the formation of ZNPR.
2. Purpose of the work To study the features of the incidence of oral cavity in the population of the Republic of Uzbekistan.
3. Materials and methods To analyze the structure and dynamics of oncopathology of the oral cavity in different regions of the Republic of Uzbekistan for 2008-2018. A retrospective analysis of the prevalence of this pathology was carried out. For this, we used statistical data from the Republican Cancer Research Center (RONTs). The dynamic range indices were calculated to identify the main trends in morbidity by region.

Results
Retrospective analysis of dynamics of malignant tumors of oral cavity conducted among the population from different regions of the Republic of Uzbekistan in the period of 2008-2018 has revealed the growth of ontological incidence in the country, which varies greatly depending on the region.

The obtained results and their analysis
According to the RCRC, more than 600 people with cancer are registered in the country every year. In 2018, this figure was 1.4 per 100,000 of the population, while 10 years ago in 2008 this figure was 2.6. This indicates the growing popularity of medical services in Uzbekistan, that is, oncology and the improvement in the provision of medical services among developed countries.
Analysis of the results showed that the level of cancer incidence decreased from 2.6 to 1.4 per 100,000 population in 2008-2018.
shown ( Figure 1). Image-1. Dynamics of primary morbidity with malignant neoplasms (per 100,000 population) Apparently, despite the decrease in morbidity among the population, the trend towards an increase in morbidity persisted.
According to the literature, the ecology and geographic location of the disease have a significant impact on the number and frequency of oncological diseases [1,4]. Indeed, depending on the region of Uzbekistan, the average incidence of malignant neoplasms in our population varies within each region (Fig.2). . Although the Surkhandarya region is an ecologically unfavorable region, the incidence of cancer is relatively low. In our opinion, such conditions require a deeper study of the dynamics of primary health care, not only the dynamics of the disease, but also its structure, factors contributing to the development of the disease, as well as the quality of oncological services, especially dental services in these regions. Despite the fact that Tashkent is not among the regions most affected by the environment, in 2018 the incidence of ZNPR rose to second place in the country. The specific dynamics of the primary incidence of oncological diseases among the population of the city of Tashkent has been determined. Despite the high level and approximate level of cancer services in the city, as well as the provision of modern diagnostic equipment at every level of the health sector, the dynamics of the incidence remains uncertain. In this region, this figure naturally increased from 2008 to 2018 and is expected to be achieved at the expense of patients from the region. It is important to note that the indicators of the primary morbidity of WNPR among the population of the city of Tashkent in different years have different indicators.
According to the data of the RCRC for 2018, the share of malignant neoplasms in the structure of the total number of malignant neoplasms was 2.82%. The following localization is distinguished in the structure of the morbidity of ZNPR (Fig. 3).   An analysis of statistical data showed an increase in the incidence of WIP in almost all regions of the Republic of Uzbekistan (except for Samarkand and Namangan regions). The highest incidence rates were observed in the Republic of Karakalpakstan and the Kashkadarya region during the decade and the lowest in the Surkhandarya region.
 Among malignant neoplasms of the oral cavity, malignant tumors of the tongue and oral cavity are more common.
 ZNPR is more common in men in 2/3 than in women.
Among all malignant tumors of oral cavity, malignant tumors of bottom of the oral cavity take preference. Morbidity rate more frequent among men than women in correlation 2/3.