Contemporary issues and challenges of power sector in Haryana

In this paper, a discussion has been made about the current contemporary issues and challenges of the power sector in Haryana. The issues related to tariff rates, transmission and distribution losses, financial constraints & NPA, capacity constraints, and aggregate technical and commercial losses are discussed. The Haryana Power Utilities (HPUs) are required to be changed adequately from substantial losses to the sound profits by taking legitimate activities for improving the financial efficiencies, and technical performance.


INTRODUCTION
India is set for quick, supported development in energy demand. Power is one of the vital key drivers of financial advancement and assumes an urgent job in the financial advancement process. Energy engages social and financial advancement and furthermore adversely affects the earth. A non-stop, predictable, dependable and moderate supply of power is essential for financial improvement, standardized savings and open welfare. The accessibility and availability of moderate and subjective power offers fuel to the motor of monetary development. India is the third-largest producer (1,290 billion KWh) and also the third largest buyer of electricity (1,122KWh per individual) on the planet .

Power Scenario in Haryana
The  . Haryana is an agriculture state with over 60% population occupied with cultivating. The wind speed is likewise deficient to endeavor and use for power generation. The entire state is subject to the restricted warm age limit introduced inside the state and hydropower from the together possessed projects. The aggregated losses went up to Rs. 1358.67 crores and the fundamental reasons distinguished for this, were a un-gainful duty, power supply at financed rates, low plant load factor (PLF) in power stations, and excessive transmission and distribution (T&D) losses and so forth.
Source: www.cea.nic.in The per capita electricity consumption had increased gradually since 2014-15 to 2018-19. Despite these issues related to tariff rates, transmission and distribution losses, financial constraints & NPA, capacity constraints, and aggregate technical and commercial losses are becoming main reasons which affect performance of power sector, respectively. So, in this paper, a discussion has been made about the current contemporary issues and challenges of the power sector in Haryana's context.

REVIEW OF LITERATURE
There is considerable amount of literature available on contemporary issues and challenges of power sector in India. Purakayastha (1993), considered a new power arrangement and inspected whether the proposed arrangement prompt the long haul wellbeing of the power division or it will be more regrettable than the malady. Author found out that the legislature of India had obviously discovered the standard arrangement welcome capital, both outside and Indian. Reddy and Sumithra (1997), investigated Karnataka's capacity division -the current circumstance and patterns of power demand and supply, Karnataka Electricity Board's money related issues, the critical arrangement' and specialized achievements in the improvement of Karnataka's influence area. Das and Parikh (2000), put forth a defense contemplate on all variables to make Maharashtra State Electricity Board (MSEB) economically suitable and across the country the yearly loss of MSEB was evaluated at Rs 10,684 crore in 1997-98. Santhakumar (2003), contemplated the power division changes started by the government in Kerala between 1996-2000, for upgrading age limit and improving the effectiveness of the state power board. Bhattacharyya (2007), examined the energy area difficulties to give a general understanding of a part of the board issues and this examination pursued an explanatory deductive technique to break down the issues utilizing existing writing as the wellspring of data. Dasaraju and Murthy (2011), broke down the significance of intensity part, purchaser utility, demand, and age of intensity. Authors concluded that in India the majority of the power utilization was by the farming area, where the rate of income was exceptionally low. So, from the above-discussed literature it can be revealed that there is insufficient number of studies in the context of Haryana.

METHODOLOGY
The methodology of the paper is based on secondary data such as books, journals, newspapers, and internet. The data of per capita electricity consumption was retrieved from www.cea.nic.in and information about the Haryana Power Sector had been collected from the Central Electricity Authority (CEA) and Energy Statistics, 2019.

ISSUES AND CHALLENGES
The poor execution of Haryana Power Corporation is an immediate after effect of low usage limit of thermal plants, extremely high transmission, and commercial losses and non-recovery of defaulting sum in the most politically sensitive districts. So some important issues are discussed following: A. Tariff Rates: Tariff is the evaluating structure a retailer charges a client for energy utilization. It's separated into two sections:  The fixed charge for the everyday supply of energy to your premises  The variable charge for the measure of energy you use The variable charge relates specifically to the amount you expend. Duties change contingent upon your energy merchant. The power levies rely upon the accompanying variables like;  Type of burden  Time at which load is required.  The control factor of the heap.  The measure of energy utilized. B. Transmission and Distribution Losses: Despite significant improvement since the turn of the century, India has one of the most abnormal amounts of power transmission and distribution (T&D) losses on the planet. T&D losses speak to the power that is produced yet does not achieve expected clients. Power losses are the consequence of specialized wastefulness and burglary. Specialized losses happen on account of the opposition of wires and hardware as power goes through. The majority of India's T&D losses resulting from a burglary, which happens when expended power isn't represented. Power is normally stolen by bypassing or altering the meter, or by paying off utility meter peruses or charging specialists. C. Financial Constraints and NPA: NPAs of state-run banks alone toward the finish of last September rose to Rs 6.3 lakh crore.

D. Capacity Constraints:
Haryana is needy upon restricted warm age limit as the State has restricted accessibility of normal assets, low potential for hydro age, insufficient wind velocity, absence of the ability to tackle sun oriented assets. Wasteful age of power, transmission, and circulation of power supply and wasteful utilization of intensity has made a circumstance of significant pinnacles hours and energy deficiencies in Haryana. The low quality of power supply has additionally affected the creation of the economy.

E. Aggregate Technical and Commercial Losses: (i) Technical Losses
• Overloading of existing lines and substation gear • Low HT: LT lines proportion higher measure of current stream in the framework results in higher misfortunes. • Poor fix and support of gear • Non-establishment of adequate capacitors/responsive power gear (ii) Commercial Losses • Low metering/charging/accumulation proficiency • Theft, pilferage of power and altering of meters • Low responsibility of representatives • Absence of Energy Accounting and Auditing

CONCLUSION
Haryana is needy upon constrained thermal age limit as the State has restricted accessibility of characteristic assets, low potential for hydro age, insufficient wind velocity, absence of the ability to tackle solar resources. The wasteful age of electricity, transmission, and distribution of electricity supply and wasteful utilization of power has made a circumstance of substantial peaks hours and energy deficiencies in Haryana. So, the Haryana Power Utilities (HPUs) are required to be changed adequately from substantial losses to the sound profits by taking legitimate activities for improving the financial efficiencies and technical performance.