MONEY INFLUENCE ON WOMEN LIVING IN JOINT AND NUCLEAR FAMILIES

The relationship of family types with money inﬂuence, self-assessment, self-esteem and social relationship of women living in joint and nuclear families were studied in a randomized group design. 100 women tested. It was assumed that family types can inﬂuence study variables? Money Attitude Scale, Self-assessment Scale, Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale, Social Relationship Scale were administered. The SPSS analysis revealed signiﬁcant response diﬀerences between joint and nuclear family system participants in terms of the variables; moreover, the means of all variables were found higher among joint family system. Some context information about mediating interaction between the variables came in light. More cultural context studies would reveal further.


Introduction
The human relation with money is historic and it is available in an anthropological context (Argyle & Furnham, 2013: Maurer, 2006).From the times of Sigmund Freud in Doyle (1992) psychologists have been discussing money because money is related with positive experience and its need is universal (Hassenzahl, Diefenbach&Göritz, 2010).Money as a motivator is related to many attitudes (Mitchell, &Mickel, 1999) and with personality as has been discussed with reference to Maslow's hierarchy of needs (Oleson, 2004).Money plays a role of satisfier and improves wellbeing (Howell, Kurai& Tam, 2013); love for money is related to satisfaction (Tan &Waheed, 2011).
Money as a factor in human life could make different types of influences, but its influence in human interaction and 'social system' is essential (Zhou, Vohs & Baumeister, 2009).Money is a kind of power (Baldwin, 1971) and has proven influence on human strengthens.Self-esteem is a human strength and it is related to mental and physical health and with attitudes, even criminal attitudes are related with it as well as economic attitudes (Trzesniewski, Donnellan, Moffitt, Robins, Poulton&Caspi, 2006).
The influence of self-esteem is related to different factors (Baumeister, Campbell, Krueger &Vohs, 2003).Money and self-esteem interact in multiple ways in decision and other situations to the extent that in some cases such effects influence entire personality (Zhang, 2009) as compulsive spending reflects low self-esteem (Hanley & Wilhelm, 1992).Money creates stress (Norvilitis, Merwin, Osberg, Roehling, and Young& Kamas2006) and the role of self in various kinds of investments play a role (Zhang &Baumeister, 2006) moreover subjective well-being is related to money (Diener&Biswas- Diener, 2002) as are feelings of inadequacy (Christopher, Marek& Carroll, 2004).
Money is related to gender; it influences women's gender roles (Atzmon & Izraeli, 1993) and found influencing women's roles in the subcontinent (Borthwick, 2015).Men value money more as compared with women (Edwards, Allen &Hayhoe, 2007).Perhaps because of the reason that men and women receive generally different socialization positions and patterns (Rinaldi, &Todesco, 2012): like age factor influences women more as compared with men, moreover, so far as self-esteem is concerned (McMullin&Cairney, 2004) body consciousness among women is more (Fitzsimmons-Craft, Harney, Koehler, Danzi, Riddell, &Bardone-Cone, 2012), in the similar manner some other economic interests are also related to women (Gilman, 2017).Social relations are not always related to health (Cohen, 2004).Family types however reveal relationship (Chow &Lum, 2008).Money, health and relationships are related to the happiness of married couples (Dakin &Wampler, 2008).Moreover, spouses' segregated and joint roles (Spillius, &Bott, 2014), values (Scott, 2006), children and family process (Mayer, 1997), child development (Yeung, Linver& Brooks-Gunn, 2002), child pleasantness (Allen, Edwards, Hayhoe& Leach, 2007) as well as parenting and parent attitudes towards children (Aquilino, 2005) are related to money.

Method and Procedure
The role of money in an individual's life, its gender influence and its relationship with various aspects of self was so convincing that it was relevant to assume that money may be playing a role to influence women living in nuclear and joint families?It was also convincing to assume that such money influence in family life may reflect on self-assessment, social relations and self-esteem of the women, those may participate as voluntary subjects belonging to both types of nuclear and joint family systems in the study, and it may provide useful information about the role of money in both family types?100 randomly selected voluntarily women participants were tested?For randomization, the city in which the study was conducted was divided into approximate 10 equal areas using the available map of the city.The researcher visited the marked residential areas to approach various resident units, informed the residents about the purpose of the study, on their willingness to participate obtained a written consent and then at the convenience of the volunteers conducted the study.10 volunteers each from the demarcated 10 areas inducted and tested each.Among these 5 were belonging to nuclear families and 5 were belonging to joint families.
Following criterion was adopted to determine both family types.
Joint Family: was a family that included parents, children, grandparents, close relatives' uncles and antis and children of the families living together in a single household.
Nuclear Family: was a family where husband and wife were living with their dependent children.
Following tests in following sequence were administered to each participant.

Results and Findings
The analysis of participants' scores with the help of SPSS revealed significant difference between joint and nuclear family system in terms of money (attitude) influences, self-assessment, self-esteem and social relationship, moreover, the means of money attitude, self-assessment, self-esteem and social relationship were higher among joint family system participants than nuclear family system.It was also come in light that the participants' money attitude was significantly positively correlated with self-assessment, self-esteem and social relationship whereas self-assessment was significantly positively correlated with self-esteem and social relationship.Moreover, self-esteem was also found significantly positively correlated with social relationship, further self-esteem endured significant positive role of a partial mediator between money attitude and social relationship.Further, money attitude significant positive direct and indirect (through self-esteem) impact was also found on social relationship scores of the participants.'Riphah Research Ethics Committee' Riphah International University Faisalabad Pakistan earlier accorded the approval for the conduct of the study.
Multiple factors contributed in the emergence of nuclear families and living in nuclear families positively influence women's health (Ruggles, 1994: Allendorf, 2013), whereas, joint and nuclear families are structurally different and joint families are more than that of economic demography?Perhaps the present work reflects an important hint towards the influence of money on both families and women in social-personal context?
The study flourished valuable information about the influence of money related to external factors and factors related with woman's family life encompassing various aspects, social and personal, however, varied cultural influences required to be investigated for generalizing.Moreover, certain system related context information also came in light, especially about the role of money.The study provided useful information about family types and their relationship with money as an external influence and its system effects.
The results show that self-esteem endures significant positive partial mediating role between self-assessment and social relationship.Further, self-assessment found to be significantly positively direct or indirect (through self-esteem) way impacting social relationship.