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Simulation of Direct-Current Electromagnetic Forces Acting on a Droplet of Liquid Metal under Electroslag Remelting

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Abstract

The paper presents mathematical and computer simulation of the behavior of liquid electrode metal droplets during electroslag remelting (ESR) with the use of a direct current source. The studies on the effect of an electric field generated by direct current have made it possible to reveal the fact that the droplet trajectory deviates from the electrode axis. Both the flux of electrons and the droplets of the electrode metal undergo the action of electromagnetic forces, which leads to the displacement with respect to the remelted electrode axis. Thus, this effect causes the liquid metal bath to destabilize, and crystal heterogeneity appears. In turn, the use of external factors influencing the ESR process can make it possible to stabilize the liquid metal bath even in the case of a direct current. Thus, one could use centrifugal forces that can occur when the consumable electrode rotates around its own axis. In order to determine optimal parameters for rotation frequency, it is necessary to estimate an effective magnitude of the magnetic field occurring during direct current remelting. The simulation has been carried out using an Ansys Fluent 16.0 software package by the example of remelting 12Khl8N10T steel under an ANF-6 flux. The calculation algorithm in the Ansys Fluent environment is based on a finite element method. In this paper, the mathematical apparatus has not been changed being used in the initial form. A method of magnetic induction has been used. The database of the occurring process is constructed according to a finite element grid with certain, but sufficient adequacy and quality level. Each element contains information on the model at a given point specified for this simulation process. It is revealed that the trajectory of the electrode metal droplet is changed by an electric field from the side opposite to the direction along which the droplet flows. The average length of the path traversed by a liquid metal droplet from the mold axis to the inner surface ranges from 5 to 15 cm. The motion of an electrode metal droplet with no external magnetic field impact has been simulated. This simulation has made it possible to determine the movement direction of electrode metal droplets and the value of external force amounting to 0.067 N required for stabilizing the liquid metal bath in the course of ESR using direct current.

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Funding

The work has been financially supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, project no. 19-38-90081.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. South Ural State University, Zlatoust Branch, 456217, Zlatoust, Chelyabinsk oblast, Russia

    I. V. Chumanov, I. A. Alekseev & D. V. Sergeev

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  1. I. V. Chumanov
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  2. I. A. Alekseev
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  3. D. V. Sergeev
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Correspondence to I. V. Chumanov, I. A. Alekseev or D. V. Sergeev.

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Translated by O. Polyakov

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Chumanov, I.V., Alekseev, I.A. & Sergeev, D.V. Simulation of Direct-Current Electromagnetic Forces Acting on a Droplet of Liquid Metal under Electroslag Remelting. Steel Transl. 51, 456–460 (2021). https://doi.org/10.3103/S0967091221070032

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