Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Effect of ζ-Potential of Influent Particles on Initial Filter Coefficient for Rapid Sand Filters

  • Water Treatment and Demineralization Technology
  • Published:
Journal of Water Chemistry and Technology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Simultaneous experimental study was carried out on down-flow (DF) and up-flow (UF) sand filters using artificial influent replicating settled surface water in order to assess dependence of initial filter coefficient (λ0, m−1) on ζ-potential of influent particles (ζp, mV). The ζp for various filter runs was varied by using poly-aluminum chloride (PAC) for coagulation of artificial raw water. In order to improve performance of UF filter, it was conditioned by down-flushing with PAC modified wash water subsequent to fluidized wash. An attempt is made to correlate ζp and λ0 using observations through various runs with different rates of filtration for both filters. System constants proposed in the nonlinear relationship were computed for the different rates of filtration, using method of least-square fit. It was evident from the computation of coefficient of determination for the regression that the hypothesized nonlinear relationship provided an excellent fit for each case. The ζp is found to be dominant parameter and so, worth of continuous monitoring for operational control in order to avail consistent filter performance. Effect of influent with less negative ζp on DF and UF filter was evaluated by conducting full length filter runs; and it was observed that surface removal was aggravated in DF filter whereas better removal and less incremental increase in head-loss were witnessed for UF filter.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Amirharajah, A., J. Amer. Water Works Assoc., 1988, vol. 80, no. 12, pp. 36–46.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Ives, K.J., Water Res., 1970, vol. 4, pp. 201–223.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Bean, E.L., Camlbell, Anspach, F.R., J. Amer. Water Works Associ., 1964, vol. 56, no. 2, pp. 214–224.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Tobiason, J.E., O’Melia, J. Amer. Water Works Associ., 1988, 80, no. 12, pp. 54–64.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Pernisky, D.J., Cantwell, R.E., Murphy, E., et al., Opflow, 2011, vol. 37, no. 2, pp. 20–23.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Stehan, E.A. and Chase, G.G., Separ. and Purif. Technol., 2001, vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 219–226.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Wang, Zhishi, Proc. 5th Environ. Spec. Conf., from Cannadian Society for Civil. En., Annual Conf., Halifax, Nova Scotia, 1998, pp. 31–42.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Harris, W., J. Amer. Water Works Assoc., 1970, vol. 62, no. 8, pp. 515–518.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Yapijakis, C., J. Amer. Water Works Assoc., 1982. vol. 74, no. 8, pp. 426–428.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Zhu, H., Smith, D.W., Zhou, H., and Stanley, S.J., Water Res., 1966, vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 103–114.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Hamann, C.L. and McKinney, R.E., J. Amer. Water Works Assoc., 1968, vol. 60, no. 9, pp. 1023–1039.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Smit, P., J. Amer. Water Works Assoc., 1963, vol. 55, no. 9, pp. 804–806.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Adelman, M.J., Weber-Shirk, M.L., Cordero, A.N., et al., J. Environ. Eng., 2012, vol. 138, no. 10, pp. 999–1008.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Salkar, V.D. and Tembhurkar, A.R., J. Civil Eng., 2016, vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 1221–1227.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Xing, Min, Longcan, Shu, Wei, Li, et al., Korean J. Chem. Eng., 2013, vol. 30, no. 2, pp. 456–464.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Chapra, S.C. and Canale, R.P., Numerical Methods for Enineers, New Delhi: McHill Education, India, Private Limited, 2007.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Lin, P., Lion, L.W., Weber-Shirk, M.L., and Bordlemay, C.L., J. Environ. Eng., 2013, vol. 139, no. 5, pp. 612–617.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Francoois, R.J. and Van Haute, A.A., Water Res, 1985, vol. 9, no. 11, pp. 1357–1362.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. IS 10500: Indian Standard, Drinking Water—specification (Second Revision), New Delhi, India, 2012.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Civil Engineering, Walchand College of Engineering, Maharashtra, India

    V. D. Salkar

  2. Department of Civil Engineering, Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Maharashtra, India

    A. R. Tembhurkar

Authors
  1. V. D. Salkar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. A. R. Tembhurkar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to V. D. Salkar.

Additional information

The text was submitted by the authors in English.

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Salkar, V.D., Tembhurkar, A.R. Effect of ζ-Potential of Influent Particles on Initial Filter Coefficient for Rapid Sand Filters. J. Water Chem. Technol. 41, 188–196 (2019). https://doi.org/10.3103/S1063455X19030093

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.3103/S1063455X19030093

Keywords

Search

Navigation