Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Properties of Coatings Obtained by Supersonic Arc Spraying with Aerosol Fluxing

  • Published:
Steel in Translation Aims and scope

Abstract

Despite the undeniable advantages of electric arc spraying technique, it has disadvantages, such as burnout of alloying elements and a high content of oxides in the applied metal coating. The solution to this problem and neutralization of the negative effect of oxidation of the deposited metal by ambient oxygen is the use of aerosol fluxing while spraying. The article considers an effective technique for improving the physical and mechanical properties of a metallized coating based on aerosol fluxing. The essence of this technique is that an aerosol consisting of an aqueous solution of chemical inorganic materials is introduced into the torch of metal molten by an electric arc together with compressed air. The aqueous solution is poured into the hydraulic disperser connected to the metal spraying gun air channel. Aerosol fluxing makes it possible to deoxidize and alloy metal during arc spraying, thereby increasing the level of its properties. The results of topographic studies of metallized coatings are presented. The resulting coatings have a structure with grain sizes from 200 to 2500 nm, with both pronounced and barely noticeable boundaries between grains. It is established that when using aerosol fluxing during arc metallization, a finer-grained structure is formed in the coatings increasing their strength. The conducted metallographic studies have shown that the thickness of the metallized coating varies from 2490 to 2586 microns. The use of aerosol fluxing in arc spraying does not have a significant effect on the thickness of the applied coating. The study of the coatings microhardness shows that the use of aerosol fluxing with a flux consisting of Na2CO3, Na3AlF6, Na2B4O7 makes it possible to increase these values by 1.6–1.9 times.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1.
Fig. 2.
Fig. 3.
Fig. 4.

Similar content being viewed by others

REFERENCES

  1. Korobov, Yu.S. and Boronenkov, V.N., Calculating the parameters of movement, heating and oxidation of particles in electric arc metallising, Weld. Int., 1998, vol. 12, no. 9, pp. 726–730. https://doi.org/10.1080/09507119809452043

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Korobov, Yu.S. and Boronenkov, V.N., Kinetics of interaction of sprayed metal with oxygen in electric arc metallising, Weld. Int., 2004, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 42–48. https://doi.org/10.1533/wint.2004.3242

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Lyalyakin, V.P., Murzaev, V.P., Solovev, R.Yu., and Slinko, D.B., Physico-mechanical properties of coatings produced by electric arc metallising with flux-cored wires, Weld. Int., 2017, vol. 31, no. 9, pp. 729–732. https://doi.org/10.1080/09507116.2017.1315078

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Sergeev, V.V., Spiridonov, Yu.L., and Farakhshin, I.I., Reconditioning crankshafts of domestic and foreign diesel engines by electric arc metallising, Weld. Int., 2004, vol. 18, no. 7, pp. 578–580. https://doi.org/10.1533/wint.2004.3331

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Serban, V.A., Rosu, R.A., Bucur, A.I., and Pascu, D.R., Deposition of titanium nitride layers by electric arc-reactive plasma spraying method, Appl. Surf. Sci., 2013, vol. 265, pp. 245–249. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2012.10.187

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Newbery, A.P., Grant, P.S., and Neiser, R.A., The velocity and temperature of steel droplets during electric arc spraying, Surf. Coat. Technol., 2005, vol. 195, no. 1, pp. 91–101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2004.12.035

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Sokolov, Yu.V. and Zheleznyĭ, V.S., The fractal structure of a carbon deposit formed during graphite spraying in an electric arc, Tech. Phys. Lett., 2003, vol. 29, no. 4, pp. 350–351. https://doi.org/10.1134/1.1573314

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Royanov, V.A. and Bovikov, V.I., Equipment for electric arc metallizing with pulsed discharge of the air-spraying jet, Weld. Int., 2016, vol. 30, no. 4, pp. 315–318. https://doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2015.1058006

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Aleksandrov, V.P. and Glupanov, V.N., Cleaning aspiration air from chambers for electric-arc metal spraying, Chem. Pet. Eng., 2002, vol. 38, nos. 1–2, pp. 94–95. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1015242825702

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Xing, S.B., Xiao, K., Li, X.-G., Liu, A.Q., Li, L., and Wang, E.Q., Corrosion resistance of Zn–Al–Mg–La–Ce coatings by electric arc spraying, J. Univ. Sci. Technol. Beijing, 2012, vol. 34, no. 10, pp. 1167–1172.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Pereira, Dos., Santos, L., Flores-Sahagun, T.S., Paredes, R.S.C., Bozz Ferla, S.M., and Satyanarayana, K.G., Study on the deposition of stainless steel on polymeric substrates by arc electric thermal spraying, Mater. Res. Express, 2019, vol. 6, no. 10, p. 105314. https://doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/ab2a2f

  12. Kirsankin, A.A., Kalaida, T.A., Kaplan, M.A., Smir-nov, M.A., Ivannikov, A.Yu., and Sevostyanov, M.A., Characterization of spherical stainless steel powders prepared by electric arc spraying process, IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng., 2020, vol. 848, p. 012033. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/848/1/012033

  13. Lyalyakin, V.P., Restoration of machine parts as an important direction of import substitution in agro-industrial complex, Remont. Vosstanovlenie. Modernizatsiya, 2019, no. 9, pp. 3–5.

  14. Vorob’ev, P.A., Yusim, M.Yu., Litovchenko, N.N., and Denisov, V.I., Aerosol fluxing method for electric arc metallization, Tr. GOSNITI, 2008, vol. 101, pp. 201–204.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Matyushkin, B.A., Denisov, V.I., and Tolkachev, A.A., Adjustable change in percentage of elements in working layer during parts restoration by electric arc metallization, Tr. GOSNITI, 2017, vol. 127, pp. 166–170.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Kravchenko, I.N., Puzryakov, A.F., Korneev, V.M., Pastukhov, A.G., Kolomeichenko, A.V., and Puzryakov, A.A., Tekhnologicheskii protsessy v tekhnicheskom servise mashin i oborudovaniya. Uchebnoe posobie (Technological Processes in Technical Service of Machines and Equipment: Textbook), Moscow: Infra-M, 2017.

  17. Korneev, V.M., Novikov, V.S., and Kravchenko, I.N., et al., Tekhnologiya remonta mashin (Machine Repair Technology), Korneev, V.M., Ed., Moscow: Infra-M, 2018.

  18. Gorokhov, V.A., Devoino, O.G., and Ivanov, V.P., et al., Vosstanovlenie iznosa detalei mashin (Restoring the Wear of Machine Parts), Stary Oskol, Belgorod oblast: TNT, 2020.

  19. Olefirenko, N.A. and Ovchinnikov, V.V., Technological features of restoration of crankshafts of freon compressors by electric arc metallization, Izv. Mosk. Gos. Ind. Univ., 2012, vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 27–31.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Sergeev, V.V. and Kulikov, P.R., Restoration of crankshafts of diesel engines by supersonic electric arc metallization, Sborka Mashinostr., Priborostr., 2008, no. 10, pp. 37–40.

  21. Dudan, A.V., Vorona, T.V., Dovzhuk, S.A., Brusilo, Yu.V., Salimov, R.M., and Volkov, Yu.V., Selection of equipment for hardening and restoration of car parts by electric arc spraying, Vestn. Polotskogo Gos. Univ. Ser. B: Prom-st. Prikl. Nauki, 2014, no. 11, pp. 121–126.

  22. Litovchenko, N.N., Lyalyakin, V.P., Kolomeichenko, A.V., et al., Elektrodugovaya metallizatsiya. Teoriya, tekhnologiya, oborudovanie (Electric Arc Metallization: Theory, Technologies, Equipment), Kursk: Universitetskaya Kniga, 2022.

  23. Lyalyakin, V.P., Murzaev, V.P., Solov’ev, R.Yu., and Slinko, D.B., Physical and mechanical properties of coatings obtained by electric arc metallization with powder wires, Tekhnol. Mashinostr., 2017, no. 5, pp. 24–28.

  24. Solov’ev, R.Yu., Vorob’ov, P.A., and Litovchenko, N.N., Metal-carbothermal methods for reducing oxidation of dispersed metal during electric arc metallization, Svarochnoe Proizvod., 2012, no. 3, pp. 43–47.

  25. Matyushkin, B.A., Denisov, V.I., and Tolkachev, A.A., Technological features of electric arc metallization in agro-industrial complex, Tekhnol. Mashinostr., 2016, no. 10, pp. 32–37.

  26. Litovchenko, I.N., Denisov, V.I., Vorob’ev, P.A., and Yusim, M.Yu., Restoration of parts by electric arc metallization, Tekh. Sel’skom Khoz., 2008, no. 2, pp. 28–32.

  27. Kolomeichenko, A.V., Logachev, V.N., and Izmalkov, A.A., Expediency of using aerosol fluxing during electric arc metallization, Vestn. Bashkirskogo Gos. Agrarnogo Univ., 2018, no. 3, pp. 62–68.

  28. Logachev, V.N., Kolomeichenko, A.V., Kuznetsov, Yu.A., Solovev, R.Yu., Denisov, V.I., and Sharifullin, S.N., Aerosol fluxing in electro arc metallization, IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng., 2017, vol. 240, p. 012049. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/240/1/012049

  29. Boronenkov, V.N. and Korobov, Yu.S., Osnovy dugovoi metallizatsii. Fiziko-khimicheskie zakonomernosti (Fundamentals of Arc Metallization. Physical and Chemical Laws), Yekaterinburg: Izd-vo Ural’skogo Univ., 2012.

  30. Pokhmurska, H., Dovhunyk, V., Student, M., Bielanska, E., and Beltowska, E., Tribological properties of arc sprayed coatings obtained from FeCrB and FeCr based powder wires, Surf. Coat. Technol., 2002, vols. 151–152, pp. 490–194. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0257-8972(01)01577-8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Pokhmurskii, V., Dovhunyk, V., Student, M., Pokhmurska, H., Vynar, V., and Sydorak, I., Triboelectrochemical behaviour of arc sprayed coatings on aluminium alloys, Inzynieria Powierzchni, 2008, no. 1, pp. 9–13.

  32. Korobov, Ju. and Boronenkov, V., Modeling of liquid metal oxidation at arc metallization, Mathematical Modeling and Simulation of Metal Technologies. Int. Conf. MMT-2000, Ariel, Israel, 2000, pp. 683–692.

  33. Litovchenko, N.N., A three-electrode electric arc metallising gun—Innovation project, Weld. Int., 2016, vol. 30, no. 7, pp. 560–562. https://doi.org/10.1080/09507116.2015.1099893

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Konovalov, A.V., Kurkin, A.S., Makarov, E.L., et al., Teoriya svarochnykh protsessov (Theory of Welding Processes), Nerovnyi, V.M., Ed., Moscow: Izd-vo Mosk. Gos. Tekh. Univ. im. N.E. Baumana, 2007.

  35. Pavlov, A.Yu., Ovchinnikov, V.V., and Shlyapin, A.D., Osnovy gazotermicheskogo napyleniya zashchitnykh pokrytii (Fundamentals of Gas-Thermal Spraying of Protective Coatings), Moscow: Infra-Inzheneriya, 2020.

  36. Baldaev, L.Kh., Borisov, V.N., and Vakhalin, V.A., Gazotermicheskoe napylenie. Uchebnoe posobie dlya vuzov (Gas-Thermal Spraying: Textbook for Universities), Moscow: Market DS, 2007.

  37. Bobrov, G.V. and Il’in, A.A., Nanesenie neorganicheskikh pokrytii (teoriya, tekhnologiya, oborudovanie). Uchebnoe posobie dlya studentov universitetov (Application of Inorganic Coatings: Theory, Technology, Equipment: Textbook for University Students), Moscow: Intermet Inzhiniring, 2004.

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Central Scientific Research Automobile and Automotive Engines Institute NAMI, 125438, Moscow, Russia

    A. V. Kolomeichenko

  2. Oryol State Agrarian University named after N.V. Parakhin, 302019, Orel, Russia

    V. N. Logachev

  3. Wuhan Textile University, 430072, Wuhan, Hubei Province, P. R. China

    V. B. Deev

  4. National University of Science and Technology “MISiS”, 119049, Moscow, Russia

    V. B. Deev

  5. Ufa State Aviation Technical University, 450000, Ufa, Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia

    N. Yu. Dudareva

Authors
  1. A. V. Kolomeichenko
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. V. N. Logachev
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. V. B. Deev
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. N. Yu. Dudareva
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to A. V. Kolomeichenko, V. N. Logachev, V. B. Deev or N. Yu. Dudareva.

Ethics declarations

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Additional information

Translated by A. Kolemesin

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Kolomeichenko, A.V., Logachev, V.N., Deev, V.B. et al. Properties of Coatings Obtained by Supersonic Arc Spraying with Aerosol Fluxing. Steel Transl. 52, 839–843 (2022). https://doi.org/10.3103/S0967091222090042

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.3103/S0967091222090042

Search

Navigation