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Experimental Investigation of a Single-Slope Basin Still with a Built-in Additional Flat-Plate Solar Air Collector

  • SOLAR INSTALLATIONS AND THEIR APPLICATION
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Abstract

Fresh water and environmental pollution are great challenges to the sustainable development of human society. and the distillation process solves this problem. The yield of distilled water for a single solar tank is still very low. In this work, experimental investigation into increases the evaporation of the stagnant basin water, an air solar collector was incorporated into the stagnant basin. A comparative investigation between conventional and modified solar stills the experiment is being carried out on specific days in February 2021 under the climatic conditions of Ouargla city (30°52′ N, 5°34′ E) to investigate the impact of solar still inside the wooden box coupled with a flat-plate solar air collector on daily productivity and thermal loss under outdoor climatic conditions. It was found that using the single slope solar still coupled with a flat plat solar air collector increases the daily productivity of the conventional by 6.13% and modified solar stills 36.33%. The change in heat loss from day to day is caused by a change in the ambient temperature and the effect of wind speed, and the lower the thermal loss, the higher the daily productivity for a conventional system, but for the modified, there is no effect on it.

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Funding

The General Directorate for Scientific Research and Technological Development (DGRST).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Développement des énergies nouvelles et renouvelables dans les zones arides et sahariennes, LENREZA, P.O. Box 511, 30000, Ouargla, Algeria

    M. Chelgham, M. Mostepha Belhadj, Y. Marif & H. Bouguettaia

  2. Faculté des Mathématiques et Sciences de la Matière, Université Kasdi Merbah, 30000, Ouargla, Algeria

    M. Chelgham, M. Mostepha Belhadj, Y. Marif & H. Bouguettaia

  3. Laboratoire de Valorisation et Promotion des Ressources Sahariennes, Université Kasdi Merbah, 30000, Ouargla, Algeria

    F. Chelgham

  4. Faculté des hydrocarbures, énergies renouvelables, science de la terre et de l’univers, Université Kasdi Merbah, 30000, Ouargla, Algeria

    F. Chelgham

  5. Faculté des sciences exactes, Université Mohamed Khider, 07000, Biskra, Algeria

    A. Ouakkaf

Authors
  1. M. Chelgham
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  2. M. Mostepha Belhadj
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  3. F. Chelgham
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Correspondence to M. Chelgham.

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Appendix A

Appendix A

In Eqs. (1)–(3) different heat transfer and heat transfer coefficients are follows:

$${{Q}_{{{\text{r,w}} - {\text{g}}}}} = {{h}_{{{\text{r,g}} - {\text{a}}}}}~{{A}_{{\text{g}}}}~\left( {{{T}_{{\text{g}}}} - {{T}_{{{\text{sky}}}}}} \right),$$

where \({{h}_{{{\text{r,g}} - {\text{a}}}}} = {{\varepsilon }_{{\text{g}}}}~\sigma ~\left( {T_{{\text{g}}}^{4} - T_{{{\text{sky}}}}^{4}} \right) = 0.9~\sigma ~\left( {T_{{\text{g}}}^{4} - T_{{{\text{sky}}}}^{4}} \right),~\)

$${{T}_{{{\text{sky}}}}} = {{T}_{{\text{a}}}} - 6,$$
$${{Q}_{{{\text{c,g}} - {\text{a}}}}} = {{h}_{{{\text{c,g}} - {\text{a}}}}}~{{A}_{{\text{g}}}}~\left( {{{T}_{{\text{g}}}} - {{T}_{{\text{a}}}}} \right),$$
$$~{{h}_{{{\text{c}},{\text{g}} - {\text{a}}}}} = 2.8 + 3V,\,\,\,\,V~ \leqslant 5\,\,{{\text{m}} \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{\text{m}} {\text{s}}}} \right. \kern-0em} {\text{s}}},$$
$${{Q}_{{{\text{r}},{\text{w}} - {\text{g}}}}} = {{\varepsilon }_{{\text{w}}}}~\sigma ~~\left( {T_{{\text{w}}}^{4} - T_{{\text{g}}}^{4}} \right) = 0.9~\sigma ~~\left( {T_{{\text{w}}}^{4} - T_{{\text{g}}}^{4}} \right),$$
$${{Q}_{{{\text{c}},{\text{w}} - {\text{g}}}}} = {{h}_{{c,{\text{w}} - {\text{g}}}}}~~{{A}_{{\text{g}}}}~\left( {{{T}_{{\text{w}}}} - {{T}_{{\text{g}}}}} \right),$$
$${{h}_{{{\text{c}},{\text{w}} - {\text{g}}}}} = 0.884{{\left[ {\left( {{{T}_{{\text{w}}}} - {{T}_{{\text{g}}}}} \right)\, + \,\frac{{\left( {{{P}_{{\text{w}}}} - {{P}_{{\text{g}}}}} \right)\left( {{{T}_{{\text{w}}}} + 273.15} \right)}}{{268.9 \times {{{10}}^{3}} - {{P}_{{\text{w}}}}}}} \right]}^{{{1 \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {1 3}} \right. \kern-0em} 3}}}},$$
$${{Q}_{{{\text{ev}},{\text{w}} - {\text{g}}}}} = {{h}_{{{\text{ev}},{\text{w}} - {\text{g}}}}}~{{A}_{{\text{b}}}}~\left( {{{T}_{{\text{w}}}} - {{T}_{{\text{g}}}}} \right),$$
$${{h}_{{{\text{ev}},{\text{w}} - {\text{g}}}}} = 16.273 \times {{10}^{{ - 3}}}~{{h}_{{{\text{c,w}} - {\text{g}}}}}~~\frac{{{{p}_{{\text{w}}}} - {{p}_{{\text{g}}}}}}{{{{T}_{{\text{w}}}} - {{T}_{{\text{g}}}}}},$$
$$~{{Q}_{{{\text{c,b}} - {\text{w}}}}} = {{h}_{{{\text{c,b}} - {\text{w}}}}}~~{{A}_{{\text{b}}}}~\left( {{{T}_{{\text{b}}}} - {{T}_{{\text{w}}}}} \right)~,$$
$${{h}_{{{\text{c}},{\text{b}} - {\text{w}}}}} = 0.54~\frac{{{{K}_{{\text{w}}}}~{\text{R}}{{{\text{a}}}^{{{1 \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {1 4}} \right. \kern-0em} 4}}}}}}{{{{L}_{{\text{w}}}}}}~,\,\,\,\,~{{10}^{4}} < ~{\text{Ra}} < {{10}^{7}}.$$

In conventional solar still

$${{Q}_{{{\text{ev}}}}} = ~~{{Q}_{{{\text{r}},{\text{b}} - {\text{a}}}}} + ~\,\,{{Q}_{{{\text{c}},{\text{b}} - {\text{a}}}}},$$
$${{Q}_{{{\text{r}},{\text{b}} - {\text{a}}}}} = {{\varepsilon }_{{{\text{iso}}}}}\sigma \left( {T_{{\text{b}}}^{4} - T_{{\text{a}}}^{4}} \right) = 0.11\sigma \left( {T_{{\text{b}}}^{4} - T_{{\text{a}}}^{4}} \right),~$$
$${{Q}_{{{\text{c,b}} - {\text{a}}}}} = {{h}_{{{\text{c}},{\text{b}} - {\text{a}}}}}\left( {{{T}_{{\text{b}}}} - {{T}_{{\text{a}}}}} \right),$$
$${{Q}_{{{\text{loss}}{-}{{{\text{b}}}_{1}}}}} = {{U}_{{{{{\text{b}}}_{1}}}}}\left( {{{T}_{{\text{b}}}} - {{T}_{{\text{a}}}}} \right)~{\kern 1pt} ,$$

where,

$${{U}_{{{{{\text{b}}}_{1}}}}} = {{\left( {\frac{{{{e}_{1}}}}{{{{k}_{1}}}} + \frac{{{{e}_{2}}}}{{{{k}_{2}}}} + \frac{{{{e}_{3}}}}{{{{k}_{3}}}}} \right)}^{{ - 1}}}.$$

Then

$${{Q}_{{{\text{loss}}{-} {\text{Total }}_1}}} = \,\,~{{Q}_{{{\text{r}},{\text{g}} - {\text{a}}}}} + ~{{Q}_{{{\text{c}},{\text{g}} - {\text{a}}}}} + ~{{Q}_{{{\text{loss1}}}}} + {{Q}_{{{\text{r,b}} - {\text{a}}}}} + {{Q}_{{c,{\text{b}} - {\text{a}}}}}.$$

In modifier solar still with collector

$${{Q}_{{{\text{r,b}} - {\text{a}}}}} = {{\varepsilon }_{{{\text{iso}}}}}\sigma \left( {T_{{\text{b}}}^{4} - T_{{{\text{col}}{{{\text{l}}}_{{\left( {{\text{moy}}} \right)}}}}}^{4}} \right) = 0.11\sigma \left( {T_{{\text{b}}}^{4} - T_{{{\text{col}}{{{\text{l}}}_{{\left( {{\text{moy}}} \right)}}}}}^{4}} \right)\,,$$

where,

$${{T}_{{{\text{col}}{{{\text{l}}}_{{\left( {{\text{moy}}} \right)}}}}}} = \frac{{{{T}_{{{\text{coll1}}}}} + {{T}_{{{\text{coll2}}}}}}}{2},$$
$${{Q}_{{{\text{c}},{\text{b}} - {\text{a}}}}} = {{h}_{{{\text{c}},{\text{b}} - {\text{a}}}}}\left( {{{T}_{{\text{b}}}} - {{T}_{{{\text{col}}{{{\text{l}}}_{{\left( {{\text{moy}}} \right)}}}}}}} \right),$$
$${{Q}_{{{\text{loss}}{-}{{{\text{b}}}_{2}}}}} = {{U}_{{{{{\text{b}}}_{{\text{2}}}}}}}\left( {{{T}_{{\text{b}}}} - {{T}_{{{\text{col}}{{{\text{l}}}_{{\left( {{\text{moy}}} \right)}}}}}}} \right),$$

where,

$$~{{U}_{{{{{\text{b}}}_{{\text{2}}}}}}} = {{\left( {\frac{{{{e}_{1}}}}{{{{k}_{1}}}} + \frac{{{{e}_{2}}}}{{{{k}_{2}}}} + \frac{{{{e}_{3}}}}{{{{k}_{3}}}}} \right)}^{{ - 1}}}.$$

Then

$${{Q}_{{{\text{loss}{-}\text{Total}}{}_{{\text{2}}}}}} = ~\,\,{{Q}_{{{\text{r}},{\text{g}} - {\text{a}}}}} + \,\,~{{Q}_{{{\text{c}},{\text{g}} - \text{a}}}}.$$

The following are the saturated vapour pressure expressions as a function of temperature (°C).

$$P\left( T \right) = \exp \left( {25.317 - \frac{{5144}}{{T + 273.15}}} \right).$$

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Chelgham, M., Belhadj, M.M., Chelgham, F. et al. Experimental Investigation of a Single-Slope Basin Still with a Built-in Additional Flat-Plate Solar Air Collector. Appl. Sol. Energy 58, 250–258 (2022). https://doi.org/10.3103/S0003701X22020049

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