Quantitative analysis, distributional pattern and species diversity of woody plant species of Lamberi Forest Range, Rajouri, J&K, India
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Abstract
Quantitative analysis, distributional pattern and species diversity of woody plant species of Lamberi Range of Rajouri Forest division, J&K, has been carried out by laying 50 quadrats (10m X 10m size) for trees and 100 quadrats (5m X 5m size) for shrubs. Various phytosociological parameters like frequency, density, abundance, importance value index IVI and diversity indices for trees and shrubs has been used to reveal the plant community structure of the area. The abundance to frequency ratio (A/F) for different species was determined to assess the distribution pattern of the species (regular <0.025, random 0.025-0.05 and contagious >0.05) which indicated the contagious distribution for all the species. Survey of the area revealed presence of 63 woody plant species from the study area comprising of 43 trees and 20 shrubs. Pinus roxburghii (IVI 49.7, Abundance 81.1) and Carissa opaca (IVI 81.12 abundance 7.05) have been recorded as the dominant tree and shrub, respectively, of the area. The computation of diversity indices showed that species richness and evenness i.e Shannon- Weiner’s, Margalef’s and Menhinick’s remained high for trees and low for shrubs. Simpson’s index of dominance was also high for trees. Species which needs priorities for conservation and protection and also required to be monitored have also been highlighted.
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Keywords
Distributional pattern, Lamberi forest range, Phytosociology, Species diversity, Woody vegetation
References
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Chen, J., Shiyomi, M. and Yamamura, Y. (2008). Frequency distribution models for spatial patterns of vegetation abundance. Ecol. Mod. 211: 403-410
Curtis J.T (1959). The vegetation of Wisconsin: An ordination of plant communities. University of Wisconsin Press Madison, Wisconsin.
Curtis J.T. and Cotton G. (1956). Plant Ecology Workbook: Laboratory Field Reference Manual. Burgess Publishing Co., Minnesota.
Curtis J.T. and McIntosh R.P. (1950). The interrelations of certain analytic and synthetic phytosociological characters. Ecology. 31: 434-455.
Dangwal, L.R., Singh, T., Singh, A. and Sharma, A. (2012). Plant diversity assessment in relation to disturbances in subtropical chirpine forest of the western Himalaya of district Rajouri, J&K, India. International Journal of Plant, Animal and Environmenal Sciences. 2(2): 206-213.
Dhaulkhandi, M., Dobhal, A., Bhatt, S. and Kumar, M. (2008). Community structure and regeneration potential of natural forest site in Gangotri, India. Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences. 4(1): 49-52.
Gairola, S., Rawal, R. S. and Todaria, N. P (2008). Forest vegetation patterns along an altitudinal gradient in sub-alpine zone of West Himalaya, India. African Journal of Plant Science. 2 (6) :42–48.
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Ilorkar, V.M. and Khatri, P.K. (2003). Phytosociological Study of Navegaon National Park, Maharashtra. Indian Forester. 129(3): 377-387.
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Muthuramkumar, S. and Parthasarathy, N. (2000). Alpha diversity of lianas in a tropical evergreen forest in the Anamalais, Western Ghats, India. Journal of conservation biogeography. 6(1): 1– 14.
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Odum, E.P. (1971). Fundamentals of Ecology. 3rd ed. W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia.
Okiror, P., Chono, J., Nyamukuru, A., Lwanga, J.S., Sasira, P. and Diogo, P.(2012) Variation in Woody Species Abundance and Distribution in and around Kibale National Park, Uganda. ISRN Forestry .vol. 2012, PP:1-9.
Phillips, E.A. (1959). Methods of vegetation study. Henry Holt and Co., New York.
Rai, A. (2007). Studies on Phanerogam Diversity of Mansar- Surinsar Wild-life Sanctuary, J&K. Ph.D. Thesis submitted to University of Jammu, Jammu, J&K, India.
Rawat, V.S. and Chandhok, A. (2009). Phytosociological analysis and distribution patterns of tree spcies-A case study from Govind Pashu Vihar, National Park, Uttarakhand. New York Science Journal. 2(4): 58-63.
Reddy, C. S. and Ugle, P. (2008). Tree species diversity and distribution patterns in tropical forest of Eastern Ghats, India: a case study. Life Science Journal. 5(4): 87-93.
Shaheen, H., Qureshi, R.A. and Shinwari, Z.K. (2011). Structural diversity, vegetation dynamics and anthropogenic impact on lesser Himalayan subtropical forests of Bagh district, Kashmir. Pakistan Journal of Botany. 43(4): 1861-1866.
Shaheen, H., Ullah, Z., Khan, S. M., and Harper, D. M.(2012) Species composition and community structure of western Himalayan moist temperate forests in Kashmir. Forest Ecology and Management. 278:138–145.
Shannon, C.E and Weiner, W. (1949) . The Mathematical Theory of communication. University Illinois Press, Urbana.
Sharma, N. (2003). Biodiversity characterization at Landscape Level in Jammu District of J&K (Western Himalayas) using Remote Sensing and GIS. Ph.D. Thesis submitted to University of Jammu, Jammu, J&K, India.
Sharma, N. and Kant, S. (2014). Vegetation structure, floristic composition and species diversity of woody plant communities in sub tropical kandi Siwaliks of Jammu, J&K, India. International Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 3(4): 382-391
Sharma, N. and Raina, A.K. (2013). Composition, structure and diversity of tree species along an elevation gradient in Jammu province of North- Western Himalyas, Jammu and Kashmir, India. Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Science. 3(10): 12-23.
Sharma, S. (2008). Conservation and management of natural resources in Birhun watershed, J&K, using Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques. D.Phil, Thesis submitted to H.N.B. Garhwal University.
Sharma, S., Sharma, R.C. and Kant, S. (2008). Assessment of biotic interference and ecological degradation in Birhum watershed, Jammu and Kashmir, Environment and Ecology. 26(3): 1539-1544.
Simpson, E.H. (1949). Measurement of diversity. Nature. 163:688.
Singh, J. (2002). Phytodiversity of Kalakote Range (Rajouri, J&K) and Impact of mining and nomadism on the vegetation. Ph.D. Thesis submitted to University of Jammu, Jammu, J&K, India.
Sudan, J. (2007). Phytodiversity and Socio-economic study of Mahamaya Catchment, Jammu, J&K. Ph.D. Thesis submitted to University of Jammu, Jammu, J&K, India.
Timilsina, N., Ross, M. S. and Heinen, J. T.(2007). A community analysis of sal (Shorea robusta) forests in the western Terai of Nepal. Forest Ecology and Management. 241(1–3):223–234.
Ahmed, M., Husain, T., Sheikh, A.H., Hussain, S.S. and Siddiqui, M.F. (2006). Phytosociology and structure of Himalayan forests from different climatic zones of Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 38 (2) : 361-383.
Ardakani, M.R. (2004). Ecology. Tehran University Press. Bahuguna, A., Phondoni, P.C., Negi, V.S., Rawat, L.S., Maikhuri, R.K., Joshi, P.C. and Bisht, N.S. (2010). Floristic diversity and indigenous uses of forest vegetation of Dabka watershed in Indian Central Himalaya. Ethnobotanical leaflets. 14:491-510.
Chen, J., Shiyomi, M. and Yamamura, Y. (2008). Frequency distribution models for spatial patterns of vegetation abundance. Ecol. Mod. 211: 403-410
Curtis J.T (1959). The vegetation of Wisconsin: An ordination of plant communities. University of Wisconsin Press Madison, Wisconsin.
Curtis J.T. and Cotton G. (1956). Plant Ecology Workbook: Laboratory Field Reference Manual. Burgess Publishing Co., Minnesota.
Curtis J.T. and McIntosh R.P. (1950). The interrelations of certain analytic and synthetic phytosociological characters. Ecology. 31: 434-455.
Dangwal, L.R., Singh, T., Singh, A. and Sharma, A. (2012). Plant diversity assessment in relation to disturbances in subtropical chirpine forest of the western Himalaya of district Rajouri, J&K, India. International Journal of Plant, Animal and Environmenal Sciences. 2(2): 206-213.
Dhaulkhandi, M., Dobhal, A., Bhatt, S. and Kumar, M. (2008). Community structure and regeneration potential of natural forest site in Gangotri, India. Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences. 4(1): 49-52.
Gairola, S., Rawal, R. S. and Todaria, N. P (2008). Forest vegetation patterns along an altitudinal gradient in sub-alpine zone of West Himalaya, India. African Journal of Plant Science. 2 (6) :42–48.
Gairola, S., Sharma, C.M., Ghildiyal, S. and Suyal, S. (2011).Tree species composition and diversity along an altitudinal gradient in moist tropical montane valley slopes of the Garhwal Himalaya, India. Forest Science and Technology. 7(3): 91-102.
Gazal, S. (2015) Phytodiversity, community structure and soil characteristics of Ramnagar Wildlife Sanctuary, Jammu. Ph.D Thesis submitted to University of Jammu, Jammu, J&K, India.
Gurarni, D., Arya, N., Yadava, J. and Ram, J. (2010). Studies on plant biodiversity of pure Pinus roxburghii Sarg. Forest and mixed pine-oak forest in Uttarakhand Himalaya. New York Science Journal. 3(8):1-5.
Ilorkar, V.M. and Khatri, P.K. (2003). Phytosociological Study of Navegaon National Park, Maharashtra. Indian Forester. 129(3): 377-387.
Kharkwal, G. (2009). Qualitative analysis of tree species in evergreen forests of Kumaun Himalaya. African Journal of Plant Science. 4(4): 23-28.
Kharkwal, G. and Rawat, Y.S. (2010). Structure and composition of vegetation in subtropical forest of Kumaun Himalaya. African Journal of Plant Science. 4(4): 116-121.
Kour, I. (2001). Phytodiversity and impact of tourism on the vegetation of Trikuta Hills (J&K). Ph.D Thesis submitted to University of Jammu, Jammu, J&K, India.
Kour, K. and Sharma, S. (2014). Diversity and phytosociological analysis of tree species in sacred groves of Vijaypur block, Samba (J&K). International Journal of Science and Research. 3(6): 859-862.
Kumar, D and Sharma, S. (2014). Diversity and distribution of plant species in Mehari watershed of Doongi Block, Rajouri, J&K. Indian Journal of Researrh. 3(3): 75-77.
Kumar, R. and Raina, A.K. (2012). Phytosociology and species diversity in the catchment of Ratle hydro-electric project, District Kishtwar –J&K (India). Environment Conservation Journal. 13(3): 141-145,
Magurran A.E. (1988). Ecological diversity and measurement. Princeton University Press, Princeton.
Margalef, R. (1968). . Perspective in ecological theory. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
Menhinick, E. F. (1964). A comparison of some species diversity indices applied to sample of field insects. Ecology. 45: 858-862.
Mishra, R.K., Mishra, P.K., Upadhyay, V.P. and Mohanty R.C. (2011). Ecological Problem of Tree Species in Protected Ecosystems of Orissa, India. Journal of environmental biology. 32(1): 111-116.
Muhammad, S.A., Malik, Z.H., Malik, N.Z. and Sadia, M. A. (2012). The position of Pinus roxburghii in the forests of Kotli hills, Azad Jammu and Kashmir. African Journal of Plant Science. 6(3): 106-112.
Muthuramkumar, S. and Parthasarathy, N. (2000). Alpha diversity of lianas in a tropical evergreen forest in the Anamalais, Western Ghats, India. Journal of conservation biogeography. 6(1): 1– 14.
Nizami, S.M., Mirza, S.N., Livesley, S., Arndt, S., Fox, J.C., Khan, I.A. and Mahmood, T. (2009). Estimation carbon stocks in sub-tropical pine (Pinus roxburghii) forest of Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Agriculture Science. 46(4): 266-270.
Odum, E.P. (1971). Fundamentals of Ecology. 3rd ed. W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia.
Okiror, P., Chono, J., Nyamukuru, A., Lwanga, J.S., Sasira, P. and Diogo, P.(2012) Variation in Woody Species Abundance and Distribution in and around Kibale National Park, Uganda. ISRN Forestry .vol. 2012, PP:1-9.
Phillips, E.A. (1959). Methods of vegetation study. Henry Holt and Co., New York.
Rai, A. (2007). Studies on Phanerogam Diversity of Mansar- Surinsar Wild-life Sanctuary, J&K. Ph.D. Thesis submitted to University of Jammu, Jammu, J&K, India.
Rawat, V.S. and Chandhok, A. (2009). Phytosociological analysis and distribution patterns of tree spcies-A case study from Govind Pashu Vihar, National Park, Uttarakhand. New York Science Journal. 2(4): 58-63.
Reddy, C. S. and Ugle, P. (2008). Tree species diversity and distribution patterns in tropical forest of Eastern Ghats, India: a case study. Life Science Journal. 5(4): 87-93.
Shaheen, H., Qureshi, R.A. and Shinwari, Z.K. (2011). Structural diversity, vegetation dynamics and anthropogenic impact on lesser Himalayan subtropical forests of Bagh district, Kashmir. Pakistan Journal of Botany. 43(4): 1861-1866.
Shaheen, H., Ullah, Z., Khan, S. M., and Harper, D. M.(2012) Species composition and community structure of western Himalayan moist temperate forests in Kashmir. Forest Ecology and Management. 278:138–145.
Shannon, C.E and Weiner, W. (1949) . The Mathematical Theory of communication. University Illinois Press, Urbana.
Sharma, N. (2003). Biodiversity characterization at Landscape Level in Jammu District of J&K (Western Himalayas) using Remote Sensing and GIS. Ph.D. Thesis submitted to University of Jammu, Jammu, J&K, India.
Sharma, N. and Kant, S. (2014). Vegetation structure, floristic composition and species diversity of woody plant communities in sub tropical kandi Siwaliks of Jammu, J&K, India. International Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 3(4): 382-391
Sharma, N. and Raina, A.K. (2013). Composition, structure and diversity of tree species along an elevation gradient in Jammu province of North- Western Himalyas, Jammu and Kashmir, India. Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Science. 3(10): 12-23.
Sharma, S. (2008). Conservation and management of natural resources in Birhun watershed, J&K, using Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques. D.Phil, Thesis submitted to H.N.B. Garhwal University.
Sharma, S., Sharma, R.C. and Kant, S. (2008). Assessment of biotic interference and ecological degradation in Birhum watershed, Jammu and Kashmir, Environment and Ecology. 26(3): 1539-1544.
Simpson, E.H. (1949). Measurement of diversity. Nature. 163:688.
Singh, J. (2002). Phytodiversity of Kalakote Range (Rajouri, J&K) and Impact of mining and nomadism on the vegetation. Ph.D. Thesis submitted to University of Jammu, Jammu, J&K, India.
Sudan, J. (2007). Phytodiversity and Socio-economic study of Mahamaya Catchment, Jammu, J&K. Ph.D. Thesis submitted to University of Jammu, Jammu, J&K, India.
Timilsina, N., Ross, M. S. and Heinen, J. T.(2007). A community analysis of sal (Shorea robusta) forests in the western Terai of Nepal. Forest Ecology and Management. 241(1–3):223–234.
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Quantitative analysis, distributional pattern and species diversity of woody plant species of Lamberi Forest Range, Rajouri, J&K, India. (2018). Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 10(1), 522-527. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v10i1.1661
