SOCIAL REPRESENTATIONS OF STUDENTS ON HIV / AIDS: INTEGRATIVE REVIEW REPRESENTAÇÕES SOCIAIS DE ESTUDANTES SOBRE O HIV/Aids: REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA

Aim: to analyze the scientific production about the Social Representations of students about HIV / AIDS. Method: this is an integrative literature review carried out in the LILASC, BDENF, SciELO, Google scholar and Index Psi Technical-Scientific Journals databases, guided by the question: how do students socially represent HIV / AIDS? Results: 6 articles were used within the years of 2002 to 2017. These revealed that social representations refer to a problem of society that plagues the world. These represent since their identification as disease and death, as well as the prejudice that people living with HIV / AIDS suffer, which can be associated with the lack of information on the part of those who practice it. It was possible to infer a possible change in the social representation of AIDS regarding its relation to homosexuality. Conclusion: it is necessary to strengthen the discussions on the theme. It is also necessary that the knowledge and discussions produced are appropriated by institutions and professionals, mainly in the prevention of the spread of the virus and disease, as well as through information, becoming agents that transform their realities.


INTRODUCTION
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) are topics discussed worldwide. Since the early 1980s, the identification of HIV / AIDS has been a challenge for the global scientific community, being considered a public health problem, of great magnitude and pandemic character that involves several social actors, reaching individuals without social distinction, economic, racial, cultural or political (1) . Brazil has registered an average of 39 thousand new AIDS cases annually in the last five years. It is also noteworthy that the highest concentration of cases of the disease in the country was observed in individuals aged between 25 and 39 years, in both genders. The cases in this age group correspond to 52.4% of males and, among females, to 48.4% of the total cases registered from 1980 to June 2019 (2) .
Thus, the aforementioned condition brings significant challenges for the various social instances, as well as for people in their daily lives. In this perspective, to understand the meanings socially constructed in relation to HIV / AIDS, the Theory of Social Representations (TRS) is an important tool, considering its heuristic potential (3) . Social Representations are understood as a system for interpreting reality based on a set of beliefs, information, opinions and attitudes towards a social object (4) .
Currently, it is clear that the HIV / AIDS phenomenon has a very diverse history of representations and is characterized by strong affective investments, such as prejudices, fear, suffering, which makes the theme so rich when analyzed from the perspective of Social Representations, since the subjective content and the constructions of collective knowledge are valued. It is essential, therefore, to pay attention to the ways in which students "know" and "think" about this theme, which despite having the annual number of cases decreasing since 2013, is still a devastating disease and has serious implications for health of individuals associated mainly with the stigma and discrimination suffered by them  .
Given the above, the present study aimed to analyze the scientific production about the Social Representations of students about HIV / AIDS.

METHOD
It is an integrative literature review, defined as a specific review method that aims to provide a comprehensive view on a given topic and that is useful for practice (6)  The conduct of this study went through the following steps: 1) elaboration of the research question; 2) search for primary studies; 3) data extraction; 4) evaluation of primary studies; 5) synthesis of results; 6) presentation of the review (6) .
The elaboration of the research question was based on the PICo strategy, in which "P" refers to the study population (students); "I" to the phenomenon of interest (Social Representations); "Co" to the context (HIV / AIDS) (7) . Thus, the guiding question for conducting this integrative review was: "how do students socially represent HIV / AIDS?".
The survey was carried out over the internet, using the following databases: Latin Items for systematic reviews and metaanalyzes (PRISMA) (8) .
The search strategies used in the respective databases and the reasons for exclusion were presented in Figure 1, as recommended by the PRISMA group (8) .
In addition, the scientific accuracy of the studies was analyzed considering the research design of each study to identify the level of evidence, based on the evidence classification system that categorizes the studies hierarchically according to the methodological approach (9) . Thus, the articles were classified into: I -those that presented evidence from systematic reviews or meta- and VI to VII weak (9) .
As this is a research with a focus on literature review, whose purpose was the secondary analysis of data, thus not involving human beings, there was no need for appreciation and / or approval by the Research Ethics Committee (CEP). In addition, it should be noticed that the authenticity of the ideas, concept and definitions of the authors of the articles was maintained.  Source: prepared by the authors (2020) The characterization of the 6 selected articles is shown in Table 1 Source: prepared by the authors (2020).

From
In focuses on the biomedical aspect, but it differs when relating HIV contamination to the lack of concern with prevention and irresponsibility. Adolescents project negative elements on others in their group that involve issues related to their own emotions and perception of risk in the face of the disease.

A3
Social representations of sex for females denote patterns of subjectivity in which love and other feelings are predominant, whereas for males is seen in the perspective of sexual pleasure and satisfaction.
Regarding the social representation of AIDS, for females, there is an association with death, condoms and prevention, however for males, these permeate the feelings of fear, drugs and illness.
A sexually differentiated anchoring of representations is clear, indicating vulnerability among young people.

A4
The representation of the disease encompasses different aspects, with emphasis on the vulnerability of the virus carrier, the fears, feelings and experiences about the disease.
The subjects re-present the condom and the multiplicity of partners as the main reason for contamination by the virus.
It was noticed that the promotion of students' sexual health needs to integrate themes on social awareness and education and health: it is from there that health professionals must collaborate to demystify feelings and attitudes regarding the HIV / AIDS carrier.

A5
Knowledge about AIDS does not always result in safer behavior.
The representations revealed prejudice and stereotypes, identifying AIDS as the disease of the other and making themselves present in the social imaginary, making social coexistence with people with HIV / AIDS difficult.
These results suggest a reflection on educational and preventive campaigns. However, between the symbolic appreciation of the elements and the levels of scientific knowledge, the relationships were not significant. In the study on social representations of AIDS and otherness (11) , from the analyzes they presented 3 classes, the first -which later HIV exam result and the damage to life (11) .
In the study on vulnerabilities of young people to HIV infection and the Social Representations of AIDS (11) it was possible to identify gender differences in the representations. For females, there was an association among AIDS and death, condoms and prevention. For males, these pervade feelings of fear, drugs and illness, as well as the prejudice that the individual suffers from being HIV positive (12) .
In a category about the experiences and feelings of young people and adults to people with HIV / AIDS (13) , the experiences lived by the research actors, and the feelings However, other findings are similar to this, since some authors (15) , in their findings presented from items on the symbolic value of the elements ranging from 1 to 4 points and that the closer to 4, the greater symbolic value had the factor, had the elements like disease and fear, the ones that had higher averages.
For psychology students (14) , AIDS is understood as a sexually transmitted and infectious disease. Thus, suggesting that the knowledge of these students is still very much related to sexual transmission, which warns of the possibility that other risk situations may be ignored. In another study (11) , AIDS is presented from a biomedical perspective, also as a sexually transmitted disease that can be disseminated through sexual intercourse, but brings complementary elements such as, through the sharing of contaminated syringes and blood transfusions, caused by a virus that attacks the immune system.
One of the representations that is strongly presented in the Social Representations of AIDS is related to prejudice. When observing the dimensions and complexities observed by students with people with HIV / AIDS (13) , the subjects reported the prejudices experienced, diseases associated with sadness and that, thus, the feeling of prejudice and discrimination against people living with HIV / AIDS.
AIDS was also related to suffering, related to prejudice directed at people diagnosed with AIDS. And that from the reports, it became evident that despite all the knowledge available today about the ways of transmission, people with HIV / AIDS are still very discriminated against and isolated from social life, as the reports revealed (13) .
Although, other findings show that the prejudice associated with the population's lack of knowledge about the disease, thus it has implications for the risk of infection due to lack of knowledge and may also imply the exclusion of HIV-positive people (10) .
Another important aspect is related to prevention. As previously mentioned, in one of the studies (12) (14) , as well as associations with carelessness, promiscuity, irresponsibility (10) .
Thus, it is important to emphasize that the first representations of the disease referred to the sexual promiscuity of determined risk groups, which reinforced prejudice and strongly stigmatized some people based on their sexual practices, behaviors and attitudes (14) . Also, in this case, there is a criticism or condemnation of the behavior of those who are exposed or exposed to infection, blaming them for their current condition (10) .
These findings were also present in another study (13) , in this, an aspect identified in the subclass on Vulnerability of people  (13) .
Ultimately, it is worth noticing that in the study on social representations about AIDS and perception of risk of infection among university students (9)  position, which can failing a group of university-level people (10) .
As study limitations, the low number of studies that addressed the theme stands out.
In addition, articles have been used only in