Raising Tolerant Attitude to Children

This paper aimed to provide logical reasons for parents and teachers about the importance of teaching tolerance from early age. This paper explained the types of tolerance that should be trained such as religious tolerance, tolerance of multi-ethnicity, multiracial, cultural and gender differences. Literature review was used in explaining theoretical studies, and discussion. The steps of writing a literature review are: 1) Finding data that fits the purpose. 2) Identifying data. 3) Choosing data of writing the article. 4) Formulate, create and assess the quality of writing articles. 5) Synthesize the writing scientific articles. Teaching it from an early age can create children who are able to respect others and do not distinguish. Parents and family members are the main facilitators for children to cultivate an attitude of tolerance. Parents are required to teach tolerance starting from the family environment to the wider community. Meanwhile, the teacher can teach from the social environment to fellow students at school. It can be concluded that the role of parents and teachers here is very important in the inculcation of attitude and tolerance in early childhood.


Definition of Tolerance
According to Sukiman (2016) tolerance is an attitude of tolerance and respect for opinions, views, beliefs, habits, as well as different or conflicting behaviors. Tolerance can also be defined as open behavior and respect for all differences with others. In general, people tolerate to cultural and religious differences, but tolerance can be applied to gender differences, children with physical or intellectual impairments and other differences.
Parents must teach mutual respect and respect for others not just introduce tolerance. Tolerance is the key to increasing understanding in accepting openness and respecting differences.
Tolerance also means open and respects differences. Although the relation of tolerance is more often in ethnic and religious differences, tolerance also means respecting and learning from others, respecting differences, bridging cultural inequalities, rejecting unfair stereotypes, so attitudes are achieved (Silahudin, 2017).

The Importance of Understanding Tolerance
Indonesia is a country with a diverse society ranging from Sabang to Merauke, various ethnic groups, races, and cultures are here. Indonesia's position is geographical in the middle of the equator. Indonesia also has thousands of islands. It is rich in beautiful and diverse nature and some even cannot be found in other countries. Multiculturalism is a culture that is many and different, starting from the social community, ethnicity, culture, and customs are also different. Needless to say, we need to instill tolerance from various aspects of both religion and social culture. Often we encounter a lot of conflicts between adherents of religion and culture. The cause of the conflict is because there is no love and empathy or plausibly they don't know how to adjust with differences. When affection arises, there will be an attitude of respect and tolerance between different ethnicities, cultures and religions in Indonesia (Muslich, 2013).
Indonesian society is unique because of its diversity; the character of its citizens is fairly different and unique based on regions and cultures. The lack of relationships or hospitality is also a factor in conflicts that cannot be predicted. This means that conflicts can happen just like that, because there is one party who feels provoked by ire or feels harassed and demeaned that the culture is low or not useful at all. An understanding of multiculturalism is also one of them. Multiculturalism is an understanding that believes and accepts that culture is diverse and there is not only culture itself.
If the community comprehend this concept, then our society will be easy to accept, respect and tolerance. Culture is also the result of human taste and creation. This is what we often do not understand, that the difference is actually beautiful and unique. If there is no difference then we will not know each other. With the differences we will always be curious as to what other cultures of our culture. What the local language of this area is. When we understand the concept of culture and that culture is different, there will be a sense of tolerance gradually (Fathurrohman, 2013).
Tolerance is a grass-root to create a peaceful and harmonious life. It has become the desire of all humans to live in peace and prosperity without conflict. This conflict caused many losses and even claimed lives just because of this conflict. For this reason, let us together understand the importance of multiculturalism, because Indonesia is a multicultural society and has its own uniqueness. It is undeniable that we must also accept Indonesia as a multicultural society. Community life is indeed important for every human being. In accordance with the identical human character as a social creature there is a good attitude to be a capital for the creation of harmony that is the attitude of tolerance (Sudaryanti, 2012). The harmony between people in Indonesia is famous for the existence of several interesting places such as history and culture that are a sign that there has been a community life in the past. The following are some of the benefits of tolerance in society life: 1) Avoiding war or division, 2) Learning to respect opinion among individuals can be an important asset for avoiding division. Religious tolerance is a tangible manifestation of an attitude of respect and tolerance. Its element is indeed a crucial thing in the eyes of the community and conflicts often occur. 3) Strengthening relations so that not only avoids the division, an attitude of tolerance can also make relations between people more tightly coupled. The activity of exchanging ideas and opinions to produce a decision is a sign that the community has been able to live a tolerant life, 4) every religion teaches an attitude of tolerance between other people of different religions. Faith is a milestone in creating a tolerant society. Applying faith in every action is also a sign that tolerance has been successfully applied, 5) generating a love for the country. Another benefit of tolerance in daily life is that it can increase love for one's own country.
The main foundation of a large and strong state is the presence of tolerance among the people. Later the attitude of nationalism will follow from behind after the attitude of tolerance is successfully applied in life, 6) able to solve the problem by negotiation. Indonesian people are already familiar with the word "musyawarah", but in reality there are still some problems that are difficult to solve with negotiation. Lack of respect and tolerance triggers conflict. Therefore, tolerance is needed in daily life so that the solution to a problem can be through consensus, 7) able to control the selfish attitude. Lack of tolerance between humans can be caused by a sense of selfish that is too high. Selfish control is needed in every human being so that later conflicts do not occur in the name of personal problems.

Tolerant in Religious Life
As a social creature, we must live a complex society because of values of various tribes and religions. To maintain unity among religious people, tolerance is needed. In Indonesian dictionary attitudes have meanings of actions and so on which are based on their convictions, and/or beliefs while tolerance comes from the Latin language which is tolerate meaning to refrain, be patient, let people have different opinions, and be openhearted towards people who have different opinions .
According to Sukiman (2016) tolerance is divided into 3, namely: 1) Negative. The contents of the teachings and their adherents are not valued. The contents of the teachings and adherents are only left alone because it is advantageous in a forced situation, for examples of the PKI or communist people in Indonesia during the new Indonesian era of independence, 2) Positive. The content of the teaching was rejected, but its adherents were accepted and respected. For example, you must be obliged to reject the teachings of other religions based on belief in the teachings of your religion, but your adherents or human beings you value, 3) Ecumenical. The content of the teachings and their adherents are appreciated, because in their teachings there are elements of truth that are useful for deepening their own convictions and beliefs. For example, you and your friends are both Muslim and Christian but have different styles or understandings.
In religious life this attitude of tolerance is very much needed, because with this attitude of tolerance life between religious communities can continue to take place while respecting each other and maintaining their rights and obligations. Given the importance of tolerance, it must be taught to children both in formal environments, for example students can be equipped with values related to religious harmony through the fields of religious studies, citizenship, or through personal development aspects such as scouts, red-cross, students union, and etc. The same thing can also be done in an informal environment by parents to their children through teaching values that are taught as early as possible at home (Wibowo, 2012).
There are several benefits that we will get by instilling tolerance, these benefits are: 1) the community life will be more peaceful, 2) Unity, the Indonesian nation, will be realized, 3) a country development will be easier.
Respecting and maintaining the rights and obligations among religious people needs to be done. Rights are something that is absolutely ours and their use depends on us. Obligations are things that must be done or implemented and sanctions for those who break them. Meanwhile the right is the power to do something. However, this power is limited by law. This restriction must be done so that the exercise of one's rights does not violate the rights of others. So the implementation of rights and obligations must be balanced, that is, we cannot continue to claim rights without fulfilling obligations.
Indonesia is a nation that consists of various tribes and religions with an attitude of tolerance and an attitude of safeguarding rights and obligations between religious communities, it is hoped that problems related to sarcasm do not surface. In the life of the community this tolerance must be raised, in case the Indonesian people are divided between one another. Tolerance of rights and obligations in religious communities has been embedded in the values that exist in Pancasila. Indonesia is a pluralistic country consisting of various ethnicities and religions, without an attitude of mutual respect between rights and obligations, there will be various kinds of friction between religious communities (Umari et al., 2018).
Believers of the majority religion must respect the teachings and beliefs of other religions, because in the 1945 Constitution article 29 paragraphs 2 says that "Every citizen is given freedom to embrace their religions and worship according to their beliefs." This means we must not force will, especially in matters of belief, to devotees of other religions, including mocking their teachings and ways of worship.
Humans will only have meaning if they live together with other humans in society. It is difficult to imagine if humans live alone without contact and associate with others. Benefits of religious tolerance: 1) avoiding division. Being tolerant is a solution to avoid divisions in practicing religion. Tolerance must become a personal awareness that is always accustomed to in the form of social interaction. Tolerance in religious life becomes absolutely absolute with the existence of various "celestial" religions and "ardli" religions in the life of mankind, 2) strengthening and accepting differences. One manifestation of religious tolerance is to invent and strengthen the relationship between religious believers and maintain good relations. In general, humans cannot accept differences between each other; differences are used as reasons to conflict with each other. Religious differences are one of the main factors causing conflicts between humans if we are unable to appreciate these differences.

Tolerant Behavior Towards Diversity in Ethnicity, Race, Culture, Gender
All humans are essentially the same, discriminating against the treatment of fellow human beings because of their skin color or other physical form is a mistake and not a positive attitude. God made humans different and diverse. That difference is a gift that we should be grateful for. With diversity, we become a great and wise nation in acting.
So that the diversity of the Indonesian nation becomes strength, we build the diversity of the Indonesian nation based on the unity and integrity of the unitary state of the republic of Indonesia. Unity and unity in a diverse country can be created, one of which is by community behavior that respects the diversity of the nation in the form of tolerance for such diversity. Tolerance means restraint, patience, allowing people to think, and being open to people who have different opinions. True tolerance is based on respect for human dignity, conscience, and beliefs, as well as the sincerity of each other regardless of religion, ethnicity, class, ideology or viewpoint (Suwartini, 2018).
Instilling tolerant behavior in religious. Everyone in Indonesia certainly believes in one of the religions or beliefs in Indonesia. The Indonesian government recognizes six religions in Indonesia. These religions are Islam, Christianity, Catholicism, Hinduism, Buddhism, and Confucianism. The state guarantees its citizens to embrace and practice their faith. Diversity in religion really occurs and religion does not teach to impose our beliefs on others. Therefore, the forms of life behavior in religious diversity are manifested in the form of: 1) respecting people beliefs, 2) not enforcing our religious beliefs on people of different religions, 3) being tolerant of beliefs and worship carried out by those who have different beliefs and religions, 4) implement religious teachings well, 5) do not look down on and not blame different religions and be adhered to by others, 6) be tolerant of the diversity of tribes and races in Indonesia.
Cultivating tolerant behavior towards socio-cultural diversity. The social life and cultural diversity of the Indonesian people naturally become the wealth of the Indonesian people Introducing tolerance of ethnic and racial differences between one human and another human person should not be an obstacle of the unity and integrity of Indonesian or world. We must respect the dignity of human beings. Let us develop a spirit of brotherhood with fellow human beings by upholding human values. Our differences with others do not mean that others are better than us or better than others. Therefore, we should behave well for everyone regardless of these differences. We certainly must be eager to preserve and preserve the culture of the Indonesian people. For a student, national behavior and enthusiasm in maintaining national cultural diversity can be carried out by: 1) Knowing the cultural diversity of the Indonesian people, 2) Studying and mastering one of the cultural arts according to their interests and pleasures, 3) Feeling proud of the nation's own culture , 4) Filtering foreign cultures into the Indonesian nation.
Instill the importance of gender awareness. God created humans in two types, male and female. The social relations between men and women are called gender. The notion of gender is not based on human nature. Gender is the concept of social relations that changes the position, function and role of men and women in society. Gender is formed and developed along with the culture of society. Gender is not innate from birth.
Each community has its own cultural development, as well as the development of the culture of the Indonesian people. Gender understanding in Indonesia will certainly be in line with the development of Indonesian culture. Therefore, understanding and gender awareness is dynamic and can differ from one community to another. Gender awareness means putting the position, function, and role of men and women in society equally. For example in a family, each family member is responsible for the cleanliness and neatness of the house. Boys or girls both can maintain the cleanliness and tidiness of their homes. At school, men or women alike can become teachers. In society, men and women can take roles that are useful to other fellow human beings (Rustini, 2012).

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Literature study or known as literature review is a description of the theory, findings, and other research materials that are used as a basis for research activities. The contents of the review literature include summaries, reviews, and writer's thoughts derived from library sources such as slides, articles, information from the internet (Sugiyono, 2015).
In general, literature comes from books or scientific journals, so authentic is used as a source of reference. Literature is reading or basic material that can be used as a reference in writing scientific papers. Literature is not merely in the form of writing, it can also be in the form of non-books such as recordings, vinyl records, laser desks, films, tapes, etc. that can provide information (Sugiyono, 2015).
The steps of writing a literature review are: 1) Finding data that fits the purpose related to the topic that will be the theme of the article. 2) Identifying data and information that best suits the main purpose of writing the article. 3) Choosing data and information that best suits the purpose of writing the article. 4) Formulate, create and assess the quality of writing and compliance with the purpose of writing articles. 5) Synthesize the writing to fit the purpose of writing and standards for writing scientific articles.
This study used using primary and secondary sources on the topic of problems instilling tolerance in early childhood. The author sought to provide an understanding of the importance of this tolerant behavior that can have a positive effect on early childhood development. In addition, researchers also try to provide opinions and suggestions for teachers and parents in educating children to become tolerant individuals both at school and at home.

RESULT AND DISCUSSION
Like other rules, tolerance must be taught in a wise way. Even though children cannot speak, they usually see and imitate their parents' behavior. Children, of any age will develop their abilities by lifting the behavior and respect of those close to them (Chairilsyah, 2016).
Teaching tolerance from an early age, children will absorb positive things and make tolerance the foundation of their lives in society. As for some tips for instilling tolerance in children, introduce diversity. It can be started by giving an understanding that there are various tribes, religions, and cultures. Tell the child even though other people have different religions or tribes, humans are actually the same and should not be discriminated against. Introducing diversity as early as possible can later cultivate a spirit of tolerance for children to look more closely at differences that exist. The best way to increase children's understanding of diversity can be done by reading books or watching movies. It also enable children to explore the world and know different races, cultures and sights. As we already know that books are a window to the world, for young children parents can read story books. This can enable a child to appreciate and respect others while parents can express views about values and culture.
Teach children that differences exist, don't respond to hatred, because hatred will make people sad and hurt others. Try to boost children to assume if they are hated because of differences, they will certainly feel sad. That way, he feels more empathy and tolerates what others feel. Don't just tell him in words, but also real examples. If you meet someone using religious symbols that are quite extreme or someone who has a different skin color, don't look at him with strangeness, let alone say something hateful and teasing. Remember that parents are an example for children. Act as usual and if the child asks give a wise explanation. Be a good example for children by showing them how to love others despite differences. Try to help others, even if they are different. Children will see how the difference is not a problem, and parents can provide an explanation for the child's tolerance of the parents' actions.
Tell the child that an attitude of tolerance is needed. If there is no tolerance, many people will be hostile and hate one another. Also tell him if it happens, he will not be comfortable when attending school or playing.
To teach tolerance to others, parents can also teach children about their own values first. This is important for evaluating children's beliefs, values and differences that exist in the real world. Parents can teach children about existing traditions in the family, existing celebrations, and at the same time parents can also teach different celebrations that are around them.
Children will always ask their parents when watching shows on television. When asked by children, parents must give positive comments on each program. We do not live in a perfect world and there are many stereotypes and prejudices that are exposed and also in our interactions with others. Therefore, it is important for parents to give positive comments on various events involving jokes or other practices that encourage stereotypes and do not respect others. If we encounter intolerance like this, parents can firmly tell children that "it's not true".
Build self-confidence in children. When children feel good about themselves, they do not feel threatened by differences in others. Children who feel confident in themselves can feel more comfortable and debate opposing views.
Allow children to play with peers. Tolerance can grow by itself. For this reason, allow children to play with peers from various backgrounds. Parents need not worry when children live in the midst of diversity. Every child cannot choose to be born from what parents, ethnicity, religion, and nation. All of that is the prerogative of Almighty God. So, children are expected to be able to see differences in the surrounding environment.
Be careful in choosing toys, books and music. Remember the influence of the media is very large in shaping children's behavior. Focus on talking with children about negative stereotypes that are unfair and may be exposed in media such as films and book stories.
In psychology it is defined that the attitude of tolerance and intolerance can be learned. If parents are afraid of differences, children will follow them. Teaching tolerance is the responsibility of parents, and it needs to be taken seriously as the next generation of educators and printers. Parents have an obligation to stand and be at the forefront in fighting bigotry, racism, and prejudice in all its forms. Sipa et al (2013) conclude from his research on tolerance in early childhood, that: 1) Planning of learning in introducing an attitude of tolerance for Early Childhood in Kindergarten Town For Kids Pontianak, contained in the RKH. 2) The introduction of cultivating an attitude of tolerance for Early Childhood in the Kindergarten Town For Kids Southeast Pontianak was introduced by the teacher with demonstration examples.
3) Obstacles to the teacher in introducing an attitude of tolerance in Early Childhood in Kindergarten Town For Kids Pontianak must require cooperation with parents of children.
Jumiatmoko (2018) from his research revealed that fostering religious tolerance in early childhood through: (1) Habitual activities, in the form of Morning Religious Development, praying together before and after learning, and praying together before and after eating, (2) Curriculum that contains the element of planting and developing tolerance attitude with a load weight of 43.99% of the overall curriculum weight, (3) Class teachers who have the role to carry out religious tolerance development in a structured and unstructured manner, (4) Religious teachers who have the role to provide material, messages, and habituation related to religious tolerance, (5) Parents have a role to equalize perception, build commitment, and participate in the implementation of religious tolerance in children.
Yunita (2015) examines the nature of tolerance is: 1) Be patient. Children patiently listen to friends' stories or patiently wait their turn. 2) Be considerate with friends. 3) Restrain emotions when seeing a difference of opinion. Zaini (2010) makes the construct of tolerance education in Early Childhood from the results of his research, as follows: 1. Introduce children to the principles of religious life that adheres to monotheism by mentioning some of the religions embraced by the Indonesian people, ways of respecting and tolerance towards fellow believers in harmony and living side by side. 2. Introducing places of worship of all religions in Indonesia. 3. Allow the types and types of holidays of each religion and be accompanied by an attitude of tolerance and respect for the adherents of other religions who are celebrating. 4. Out Bond or religious tolerance visit, visiting each other's places of worship is the most effective and pleasant step for the interests of cultivating an attitude of tolerance from an early age. 5. Providing strengthening of the understanding and learning strategies of PAUD educators about the importance of the values of religious life tolerance, so that they have the same perspective and have a firm determination to strengthen and strengthen tolerance education in early childhood. Community life is indeed very important for every human being. In accordance with the identical human character as a social creature there is a good attitude to be a capital for the creation of harmony that is the attitude of tolerance. The harmony between people in Indonesia is famous for the existence of several interesting places such as history and culture that are a sign that there has been a community life in the past. This tolerance is also the basis for us to be able to create a peaceful and harmonious life. It has become the desire of all humans to live in peace and prosperity without conflict. This conflict caused many losses and even claimed lives just because of this conflict. For this reason, let us together understand the importance of multiculturalism, because Indonesia is a multicultural society and has its own uniqueness. It is undeniable that we must also accept Indonesia as a multicultural society.

CONCLUSION
Teaching tolerance from an early age, children will absorb positive things and make tolerance the cornerstone of their lives in society. So with tolerant teaching from an early age can create children who can respect and respect others. And children will not discriminate what they see in the family or family environment. Children instilled with attitude and tolerant nature will make children better understand diversity. Children will begin to learn how differences over diversity can occur. So that tolerant planting