DEVELOPMENT OF STEM-BASED DIGITAL POCKETBOOK ON SPLDV MATERIAL USING THE ADDIE MODEL: APPLICATION IN ONLINE LEARNING ENVIRONMENTS

This study aims to assess the feasibility, teacher and student responses, and effectiveness of the STEM-based digital pocketbook on the topic of Systems of Linear Equations in Two Variables (SPLDV). The subjects of this research were junior high school students in Bandar Lampung. Data collection instruments included questionnaires distributed to subject matter experts, media experts, and student respondents. The method in this research uses the ADDIE model which consists of 5 stages, namely: Analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The findings indicate that the developed learning media are highly suitable and engaging for mathematics instruction, particularly concerning SPLDV topics. However, due to the global COVID-19 pandemic, the research did not progress to the implementation phase, thereby precluding the effectiveness testing of the STEM-based digital pocketbook.


INTRODUCTION
The development of science and technology has progressed very rapidly in the current era of globalization (Hartanto, Triyanto, Yuliandari, & Ariana, 2020;Maslaha & Suryani, 2018;Septina, Farida, & Komarudin, 2018).Advances in science and technology have provided new demands for aspects of life, one of which is the education system (Ekawati, Anggoro, & Komarudin, 2019;Rusmaini, 2017;Yahya, 2006).Education is a learning process to actively develop one's potential and skills (Asiah, 2016;Wibawa, 2017).Education serves to transmit or transfer culture, teach social roles and develop personality (Latif, 2016;Nasution, 2017).Education has a great influence on human life in order to advance the life of a nation (Rodiawati & Komarudin, 2018).The law also explains that every citizen has the right to quality education (Supriadi & Damayanti, 2016).Therefore, the world of education is very important for a person's personal life as a citizen (Mardiah & Rinaldi, 2018).To support the quality of the education process, learning media is needed.
Learning media is a means of teaching and learning process that influences the achievement of learning objectives well (Nadeak & Naibaho, 2019;Saripudin, Sari, & Mukhtar, 2018).Learning media that are often used today are still limited to printed books, therefore it is necessary to develop learning media in accordance with technological advances that are developing (Komarudin, Thahir, & Sholekan, 2019).The development of learning media in accordance with current advances in science and technology, one of which is learning media in the form of digital pocketbooks.Digital pocketbooks are electronic books that are practical to carry anywhere and read anytime and do not require large storage space (Nurmala, Izzatin, & Mucti, 2019;Saputra & Ekawati, 2018).Digital pocketbooks are usually in PDF format, but digital pocketbooks are more sophisticated and attractive when assisted by an android application, namely appypie (Ambarwati, 2017).Appypie is a website that has presented templates in the creation of android applications easily and attractively and does not require special abilities in computer programming, making it easy to operate on smartphones (Rihandoko, 2018).The advantages of appypie are that it can include learning materials in the form of text, links, images, videos and interactive quizzes (Astuti, Dasmo, & Sumarni, 2018;Hafidz, Sumardi, & Komaro, 2019).
Previous research on the development of digital pocketbooks has been carried out several times, including the development of digital pocketbooks to increase student interest and learning outcomes (Nurmala et al., 2019), The development of digital pocketbooks, as supporting teaching materials on pph article 21 material (Yaqin, 2016), as learning media for health law (Putri & Sumbawati, 2017), in terms of student reading interest (Setyono, Karmin, & Wahyuningsih, 2013), to increase knowledge of sports nutrition (Festiawan & Arovah, 2020), based on local wisdom as a learning resource (Fitri, Izzatin, & Ferryansyah, 2019).
Based on the above research, it appears that no research has been conducted that combines digital pocketbooks with STEM education.So, this research is intended to develop a STEM-based digital pocketbook to develop students' mathematical communication skills.The novelty in this research is the development of a STEM-based digital pocket book on Systems of Linear Equations in Two Variables (SPLDV) which is applied in online learning.

METHODS
The type of research conducted is research and development (R&D).This research uses the ADDIE model which consists of 5 stages, namely analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation (Tegeh & Kirna, 2013).Research and development in the field of education is a type of research that aims to develop and validate educational and learning products.The ADDIE stages are illustrated in the following Figure 1: The validation process for the data analysis method engaged three experts in the fields of materials, media, and social studies.These experts evaluated the method using a Likert scale with values ranging from 4 (excellent) to 1 (poor).Subsequently, the questionnaire responses gathered from the expert validation were classified based on the criteria outlined in Table 1.

Results
The results of the research produced a STEM-based digital pocket book on SPLDV material in online learning.The research process employed the ADDIE model, encompassing five distinct stages.Detailed data regarding the outcomes of each stage within the research procedures are presented as follows:

Analysis
The analysis phase represents the primary stage in this study.Within this phase, a needs analysis, curriculum analysis, and examination of student characteristics were conducted to guide the development process of learning media.Below is an explanation of the outcomes of the LKPD development during the analysis phase: ➢ Identifying student needs At this stage, a needs analysis is conducted to identify the gap between the current abilities of the students and the expected competencies.The result is a list of needs that the LKPD must meet to help students achieve the learning objectives.

➢ Curriculum analysis
The LKPD developers analyze the existing curriculum, competency standards, and achievement indicators.The outcome is a mapping of the competencies to be achieved through the LKPD, ensuring that the content presented is relevant and in line with the curriculum.
➢ Learning Material Analysis: Relevant materials related to the expected competencies are analyzed to ensure their content is suitable for the students' needs.The result is an outline or framework of the material to be presented in the LKPD, including key topics and their sequence.

➢ Analysis of Student Characteristics:
Understanding the characteristics of the students, such as age, skill level, learning styles, and background knowledge.The outcome is a student profile that serves as a basis for tailoring the content and presentation methods of the LKPD to be more effective and engaging for the students.

➢ Development Plan for LKPD:
Based on all the above analyses, a development plan for the LKPD is created, including its structure, format, and content delivery strategies.The result is a detailed work plan for developing the LKPD, including schedules and responsibilities of each team member

Design
In the Design phase, the framework for the digital pocketbook and the material presentation design are created to provide a clear picture of how the digital pocketbook will -Content Structure: Mapping out the main topics and subtopics to be presented, ensuring a logical and easy-to-follow flow of information.
-Navigation and User Interface: Designing an intuitive interface, including navigation elements such as menus, buttons, and links that facilitate access to various sections of the pocketbook.
➢ Material Presentation Design: -Format and Presentation Style: Determining the presentation format, such as text, images, videos, and animations, as well as the language style appropriate to the characteristics of the students.
-Multimedia and Interactivity: Integrating multimedia elements and interactive features to enhance student engagement and understanding.
-Activities and Exercises: Designing activities and exercises that support active learning, including assignments, quizzes, and simulations.

Development
The In the Development phase, the framework that was created during the Design phase is validated.This phase includes the creation of a STEM-based digital pocket book on SPLDV material.The concrete learning media is then validated by subject matter and media experts to assess its feasibility.Here is an explanation of the research results in the LKPD development at this stage: Implementation of the Design Framework: Using the framework designed in the previous phase, the digital pocketbook is developed with the assistance of the Appypie platform.The result is an interactive digital pocketbook ready for validation.
➢ Validation by Subject Matter and Media Experts: -Content Feasibility: Subject matter experts assess the content of the digital pocketbook to ensure that the material presented aligns with the expected competencies and is scientifically accurate.
-Media Feasibility: Media experts evaluate the technical and design aspects of the digital pocketbook, including user interface, navigation, and the use of multimedia elements.The validation results indicate that the learning media is categorized as "highly feasible" for use.
➢ Testing by Students: -Level of Appeal: The digital pocketbook is tested by students to measure its level of appeal.This trial includes an evaluation of how students interact with the media, how engaging they find the content, and how effective the media is in aiding their understanding.The testing results show that the digital pocketbook is rated as "highly engaging" by the students.
Overall, the results of the Development phase indicate that the STEM-based digital pocketbook developed with Appypie has been validated and rated as highly feasible by experts and highly engaging by students.This suggests that the digital pocketbook is ready to be used as an effective and engaging learning medium.

Implememtation
The implementation stage is carried out to test the effectiveness of learning media in the form of digital pocketbooks.This cannot be done due to the corona virus disease (COVID- Development of STEM-Based Digital Pocketbook on Spldv Material using the ADDIE ModelKomarudin, Suherman, Puspita

Figure 1 .
Figure 1.Model ADDIE Stage Flow chart Development of STEM-Based Digital Pocketbook on Spldv Material using the ADDIE Model Komarudin, Suherman, Puspita be developed.The results of the LKPD development research at this stage encompass several key aspects: ➢ Digital Pocketbook Framework Development -Goals and Objectives: Determining the specific goals of the digital pocketbook, including the competencies that students are expected to achieve.
Development of STEM-Based Digital Pocketbook on Spldv Material using the ADDIE ModelKomarudin, Suherman, PuspitaDiscussionIn developing learning media in the form of this digital pocket book, researchers use the ADDIE model.There are several problems behind the development of this learning media found at the analysis stage, namely the absence of the use of pocketbooks for application in the classroom, the low mathematical communication skills of students to study and solve mathematical problems, students have not utilized android properly and have not developed STEM-based digital pocketbook in learning mathematics.After the analysis stage, the next stage is the planning stage.In the first planning stage, the preparation of the digital pocketbook framework is carried out, namely by designing the application icon, the initial opening of the application, compiling the homepage display and determining the menu options on the homepage.Second, the material presentation planning is determining KI and KD and competency achievement, determining material subsections, interactive quizzes, learning videos, sample questions and practice questions presented.The next stage is the development stage.The development stage is the stage of making media in the form of digital pocketbooks.Learning media that has been made and ready is then validated by material experts and media experts as well as student attractiveness tests.The results of the validation test by material experts obtained an average score of 3.62 and media experts obtained an average score of 3.74 which stated that the learning media was very feasible to use and the student attractiveness test for small groups obtained an average of 3.53 and for large groups obtained an average of 3.77 with very interesting criteria.The implementation stage should be carried out by testing the effectiveness of learning media in the form of digital pocketbooks.This could not be done due to COVID-19 that occurred almost all over the world, including the learning process of students at school.This is deemed less effective if the implementation stage is carried out online.So that this research and development is only carried out until the student's interest response test stage.The last stage in this research is the evaluation stage.The evaluation stage is carried out after completing the previous four stages.The evaluation carried out aims to improve the weaknesses in the learning media developed.

Table 1 . Validation Criteria (Modified)
Products that have been validated by experts are tested to determine their appeal.In this product trial, students are given the product and then given a student response questionnaire.The questionnaire results obtained from students were then adjusted to the interpretation in Table2:

Table 2 . Criteria for Attractiveness Test (Modified)
19) that occurs almost all over the world, including student learning at school.Therefore, it is deemed less effective if the implementation stage is carried out online.Due to the policy provided by the mathematics department, researchers only carried out this development up to the stage of testing expert validity and student responses.EvaluationEvaluation is the last stage in this development.The evaluation stage in this research and development is applied at each stage of the ADDIE model development.The last evaluation carried out by researchers is to analyze the research data obtained.Based on the analysis that has been done, it shows that the learning media in the form of digital pocketbooks developed are feasible to use and very interesting to use in the learning process.