META SYNTHESIS: MATHEMATICAL LITERACY REVIEWED FROM GENDER IN JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS

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INTRODUCTION
Mathematics is a universal science that underlies the development of modern technology, plays an important role in various disciplines, and the development of human Prima: Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika ◼ 479

Meta Synthesis: Mathematical Literacy Reviewed From Gender In Junior High School Students
Raharani, Junaedi, Dewi thinking (Mulyono et al., 2016).Mathematics as a scientific discipline has an important role to create change.explained that mathematics can be used as a tool to solve various problems in everyday life.Even with mathematics, humans can change the way of thinking, see different points of view, and be able to organize and analyze eventsMirari and Sutarni (2022).
Based on Permendikbud No. 64 of 2013 through mathematics learning students are expected to show a logical, critical, analytical, careful and meticulous attitude, responsible, responsive, and not easily give up in solving problems.Meanwhile, the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM, 2000)formulated mathematics learning objectives called mathematical power including: (1) learning to communicate (mathematical communication), (2) learning to reason (mathematical reasoning), (3) learning to solve problems (mathematical problem solving), (4) learning to associate ideas (mathematical connection), and (5) learn to represent (representation).NCTM formulated five categories of competencies that can be expressed in mathematical literacy ( Tasekeb et al, 2019).The Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) defines mathematical literacy as the capacity of learners to recognize and understand the role of mathematics in the world, solve mathematical problems in a variety of contexts, interpret mathematical statements, and apply mathematics rationally (OECD, 2016).There are seven basic mathematical abilities that are indicators of mathematical literacy, communication; mathematising; representation; reasoning and argument; devising strategies for solving problems; using symbolic, formal, and technical language, and operations; using mathematical tools.
Based on the results of Indonesia's participation in PISA held on Based on the results of Indonesia's participation in PISA held in 2022, the mathematical ability of Indonesian students obtained a score of 366 which is in position 68 out of 81 countries (OECD, 2023).Meanwhile, based on the results of Indonesia's participation in PISA in 2018, the mathematical ability of Indonesian students received a score of 379 with a position of 73 out of 79 countries.The low mathematical literacy of Indonesian students can also be seen In relation to the understanding of mathematical literacy, there is a difference in understanding the ability that concerns between male and female ( Awalyah et al., 2022).Such gender differences can affect the level of mathematical literacy of learners (Isnaniah et al., 2021;Kamila, 2018;Laksari et al., 2023;Setiawan et al., 2019)Click or tap here to enter text..
Risyavandha & Khabiba (2018) Explaining gender differences causes physiological and psychological differences in learning so that male and female learners have differences in learning mathematics.Ulfa (2022) suggests that female students have better literacy than male students, especially in content space and shape.This is because female students are more thorough and able to explain well the steps in solving mathematical literacy problems both in writing and verbally.On the other hand, Research conducted by Isnaniah et al., (2021) shows that the mathematical literacy of male students is superior to female students.
The focus of this research is to analyze various primary studies on similar topics to get a conclusion.The purpose of this study is to see and describe how mathematical literacy differences between male and female students.This explanation shows the importance of conducting a comprehensive meta-synthesis of mathematical literacy in terms of gender differences in junior high school students from 2019 to 2024.This is used to see the characteristics of students' mathematical literacy in terms of gender differences in junior high school students as a whole clearly and deeply.

METHODS
This study uses a meta-synthesis study (Systematic review) which aims to answer research questions by summarizing various research results that have been carried out and recognized their validity (Walsh et al., 2005).Meta-synthesis is a relatively new technique for analyzing qualitative data derived from various individual studies with the aim of reanalyzing the results of these studies or can be interpreted to summarize various studies.Krisnawati et al., (2022) ssuming that meta-synthesis can be an attempt to understand various advances in research that are growing rapidly.
Based on Perry & Hammond (2002), there are eight stages in conducting research using meta-synthesis.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The study began by identifying a research question, namely researchers transforming mathematical literacy problems to gender differences in junior high school students.Next, a research protocol was created to perform meta-synthesis.The placement of the research database as a search area is carried out by providing search area boundaries through Google Scholar in 2019-2024 so that several relevant research results are obtained.Research data is obtained from the search results of scientific journals on Google Scholar with the keywords "mathematical literacy" and "gender".Furthermore, eight quality studies were selected.The eight studies are listed in table 1 below.

Determine the location and research base
Selection of relevant research results The next step is to extract research data to obtain findings related to the topic of discussion.The analysis of the eight selected articles will be described alternately according to the components to be analyzed in each article.Important factors that will be analyzed in each assessment include research objectives, research subjects, and research results obtained.Once the data is collected, it is integrated into a new result that will be described in this section.The data were processed according to the steps previously described to obtain important results from mathematical literacy research based on gender differences.Below are presented the results of his research students men and 16 students female, literacy mathematical student male and female has fulfill 7 indicator literacy mathematical.The mathematical literacy of male students can be said to be good, which can be seen from the students' accuracy in determining the steps for solving and drawing conclusions about test questions.That matter This was confirmed during the interview session, the male students were able to explain again the steps to solve the problem that had been written down confidently.The mathematical literacy of female students can also be seen from the ability of female students to determine the steps for solving and summing up test questions well and can reexplain the solution steps that were written down during the interview.However, what is different is the students Woman tends to be more or less believe self in convey the argument . 2

Presentation of results
Analisis Kemampuan Literasi Matematis Siswa SMP Di Kabupaten Konawe Dalam Perspektif Gender The aim of this study For analyze literacy mathematical junior high school students in the district Konawe , represented by 3 schools accredited A, B, and C. School the ie SMP Negeri 1 Sampara , SMP Negeri 1 Wawotobi and SMP Negeri 1 Unaaha .Male students at SMP Negeri 1 Sampara are weak in formulating and planning strategies and are superior in communication competence, mathematization and use of symbols, formal language, techniques and use of operations, SMP 1 Wawotobi are weak in formulating and planning strategies and are superior in communication competence, and SMP Negeri 1 Unaaha is weak in the reasoning and argument section and superior in communication competence.Female students at SMP Negeri 1 Sampara are weak in formulating and planning strategy and are superior in the competency of using symbols, formal language, techniques and use of operations, SMP 1 Wawotobi are weak in formulating and planning strategy and are superior in competency in using symbols, language.formal, techniques and use of operations, and SMP Negeri 1 Unaaha is weak in formulating and planning strategies and superior in communication competence.Mathematical literacy indicators for designing problem solving strategies need to be improved because students have not made the right decisions strategy to solve the problem in a way written .Female student with learning style auditors are able to master communication and mathematics .Students in problem modeling real mathematical form that is detailed enough so that students understand the meaning of the problem and do not experience difficulty in understanding the problem.Meanwhile, the reasoning and argumentation indicators need to be improved because students do not draw conclusions on the answer sheets as to which answer is correct.For female students with a kinesthetic learning style, s students are able to master communication and conduct mathematical modeling well.In the communication aspect, students with a complete kinesthetic learning style do not experience difficulties in understanding problems and can model real problems in mathematical form, while indicators of mathematical literacy using symbolic, formal, technical language and its operation need to be improved.In the auditory learning style category male students, they are able to master communication indicators, mathematics, and reasoning and argumentation.On the answer sheet, students are able to state what information is known and asked for in solving the problem, write a mathematical model that is appropriate to the problem, and provide a complete conclusion.The representation and use of indicators using symbolic, formal, technical language and operations need to be improved because students have not used pictures to clarify problem solving, are less clear in the use of mathematical symbols and inappropriate numbers.In male students with kinesthetic learning style, an indicator of students' mathematical literacy good at communication and This research was carried out to junior high school students in Madiun for know literacy mathematical student seen from gender.The results showed that male and female scored very high on the ability to use mathematical symbols, while male and female tended to get low scores on the skills components of modeling, mathematical communication and problem solving, as well as mathematical thinking and reasoning.However, different results were found in representational abilities where female students got very high scores, while male students got low scores on this ability component.Results Between female and male students, significant differences were found in all components of mathematical literacy abilities.Male students outperform female students in two components, namely the use of mathematical symbols and mathematical thinking and reasoning abilities, while female students outperform male students in four components, namely representation, modeling, mathematical communication, and the ability to determine .problem solving strategy .From these results it can be said that female students' mathematical literacy is much higher than male students .8 Analisis The results of the analysis of the eight articles found that there were three conditions that occurred, namely: (a) male students have the same mathematical literacy as female students (Setiawan et al., 2019), (b) male students have better mathematical literacy than female students (Mahiuddin et al., 2019;Ulfa Sari, 2022;Mawarti & Desniarti, 2023;Rismayanti et al., 2024), (c) female students have better mathematical literacy than male students (Aula et al., 2019;Kadaritna et al., 2020;Suprapto et al., 2023).The percentage of literature study results related to mathematical literacy based on gender is presented in Figure 2.

Mathematical literacy by gender
Female students have better mathematical literacy than male students 37.5% male students have the same mathematical literacy as female students 12.5% males have better mathematical literacy than female students 50% fromClick or tap here to enter text.(OECD,2019) TIMSS survey results (Trends in Mathematics and Science Study) hosted by International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA) in 2015, Indonesia was ranked 44 out of 47 countries with an average student score of 397.
Click or tap here to enter text.First, identify the research question.This study aims to transform mathematical litreation problems in terms of gender differences into a research question.Second, develop research protocols that provide guidance in conducting metasynthesis.Third, set the location Research Results Database as search area.In this study, Prima: Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika ◼ 481 Meta Synthesis: Mathematical Literacy Reviewed From Gender In Junior High School Students Raharani, Junaedi, Dewi researchers provide limits on the search area for relevant research results through Internet search of Google Scholar from 2019-2024 .Research data obtained from the search results of scientific journals in google Scholar with the keywords "mathematical literacy" and "gender".Fourth, selection of relevant research results, that is, the researcher collects research results relevant to the research question.Fifth, choose quality research results.At this stage the researcher excludes and includes the research to be included based on quality.Sixth, data extraction from individual research, data mining from individual research to obtain important findings.Seventh, synthesis of results by meta-analysis methods (when possible), or narrative methods (when not possible).Eighth, the presentation of the results is to write the results of the research in a metasynthesis report document.Broadly speaking, the research flow is shown in Figure 1.

Figure 2
Figure 2 Percentage of Mathematical Literacy by Gender

Table 2 Analysis Results No Title Results Prima: Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika
. Learners No difficulty in modeling real problems.The representation indicator needs to be improved because it does not use images to clarify the solution to the given problem, and is not yet maximal in the use of symbols. mathematics do modeling on competencies mathematization, use language and operations formal and technical symbolic, designing strategy for solve issues and representation.Subject male capable reach four competence literacy mathematics from six competence literacy mathematics used.Subject Woman capable use indicator competence literacy mathematics that is competence use language and operations formal and technical symbolic , designing strategy For solve issues and representation .Subject Woman capable reach three competence literacy mathematics from six competence literacy mathematics used.