THE DEVELOPMENT OF E-BOOK USING FLIP PDF PRO THROUGH MISSOURI MATHEMATICS PROJECT MODEL TO IMPROVE METACOGNITION ABILITIES AND MATHEMATICAL SELF-EFFICACY OF DHARMA PANCASILA MEDAN HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS

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INTRODUCTION
Education can be interpreted as a process or activity that changes someone's behavior.
Apart from that, education is also expected to help prepare someone to face the changes that will occur.One subject that must be taught in education is mathematics.Mathematics is a universal science and is the basis for the progress of modern science and technology (Hasratuddin, 2015).From elementary school through high school and on through college, all students should learn mathematics because it is a means of explicit logical thinking, a means of solving everyday problems, and a means of fostering creativity (Abdurrahman, 2011).
However in reality there are still many students who do not like or avoid mathematics subjects.This is because many students find it difficult when working on the mathematics problems given.Referring to the views of Wulandari (2020) that mathematics is a subject that some people fear because of the use of many formulas and mathematics is a subject that prioritizes the process of thinking to learn something logically and systematically.
One of the mathematical abilities that every student must have is metacognition.
Metacognition is the ability to monitor and control one's understanding of thought processes.
Metacognition is defined as what one thinks about.According to Flavell (1976), metacognition includes metacognitive knowledge and metacognitive experience or rules.According to Papaleontiou (2008) metacognition is awareness of different ways of thinking and the ability to develop in-depth practical knowledge in order to function more effectively.Metacognition skills include the ability to recognize and correct errors in students understanding while identifying and using effective learning strategies in the context of mathematics.Students with good cognitive skills in this subject can monitor and reflect on their understanding of mathematical material to make improvements and changes.
Metacognition is basically related to two aspects of thinking, namely the knowledge a person has about their thoughts (cognition self-awareness), and a person's ability to control their conscience and regulate their cognitive processes (Cognition self-regulation) (Bruning., et al, 1995). Schoenfeld (1987)  The Development of E-Book Using Flip Pdf Pro Through Missouri Mathematics Project Model Wahyudi., Fauzi., & Ahyaningsih Researchers provide metacognitive ability questions to see how students solve problems given in statistics material based on indicators of metacognitive ability according to Schraw (1998), namely: 1) Planning is choosing the right strategy and providing ways to influence the outcome.Examples include: assessing step assignment or sequencing strategies and timing before reading; 2) Monitoring refers to an individuals awareness of behavior and its consequences.For example you have the ability to go inside while studying.3) Evaluation refers to evaluating learning outcomes and validity.One of the answers given by students is as follows.

Figure 1. The result of one students answer
According to the answers students did not understand the question properly and did not write what they know and the issues raised in the question.Moreover students often fail to choose the correct strategy while answering the question and immediately write the answer to the question without taking any steps to solve the problem.This means that students do not remember their previous knowledge.According to the results of the solution the student did not answer the question with the expected good or correct answer.
Mathematics self-efficacy is also an important factor for successful mathematics learning.Mathematics self-efficacy is believed to affect an individuals ability to perform mathematical tasks.Students who have high self-efficacy in mathematics have strong motivation to solve mathematical problems and will not give up when faced with a problem.
According to Zimmerman (2000), self-efficacy increases students motivation to learn through self-regulation which is the process of goal-setting, self-monitoring, self-evaluation, and are based on four sources: 1) successful experiences; 2) other people's experiences.3) Social perspective.4) Physical and emotional state.By developing these four sources you can influence a person's self-efficacy.Mukhid (2009) self-efficacy is an important element underlying human behavior and states that what people think believe and feel influences their behavior.Zalkosky ( 2009) asserts that self-efficacy refers to the perception or evaluation of an individuals ability to achieve specific goals.People with high levels of self-efficacy are confident that they can complete tasks and find the right answers to achieve goals and are people who do not give up easily when solving complex problems.
The Missouri Mathematics Project (MMP) is a learning model that can improve students' metacognition abilities and mathematical self-efficacy.The MMP model is a program designed to help teachers effectively use exercises so that students achieve extraordinary improvements.Another opinion according to Tasci (2015) states that the MMP learning model is a core design approach for schools that encourages children to learn about their environment in an experimental and hands-on way.This is demonstrated by the provision of worksheets for math projects that include questions about applied math exercises for students to complete.Good and Grows (1979), suggested that MMP focuses on how teacher activities influence student outcomes and follows the process-product paradigm.With project assignments, students are expected to be able to develop metacognitive abilities and gain experience in solving various mathematical problems.
The use of the MMP model in the teaching and learning process can improve students' metacognitive abilities and mathematics self-efficacy.This is supported by Sani., et al (2020) research with the conclusion that the MMP model has better metacognition abilities than students treated with other learning models.Suri., et al (2023)  The MMP model encourages students to be actively involved in mathematics learning through a project-based approach.This model requires students to use mathematical concepts in the real world and think critically and collaboratively.This helps students strengthen their cognitive thinking correct mistakes and develop confidence in math tasks.The validation percentage results are grouped by score interpretation criteria as follows.Practicality was obtained from the results of observing the implementation of learning using e-books which were developed according to Sinaga (2007).

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The results obtained are categorized according to Sinaga (2007) as follows.

Table 2. The Level of Learning Implementation Criteria
Learning Implementation Level Implementation Criteria 1 ≤  ̅ < 2 Not implemented 2 ≤  ̅ < 3 Not well implemented 3 ≤  ̅ < 4 Well done  ̅ = 4 Very Well done The e-book being developed is said to be practical if the minimum learning implementation average is in the 'Well Done' category, namely in the range (3 ≤  ̅ < 4).
Effectiveness analysis is carried out by measuring student learning completeness.The value of students' knowledge and skills can be obtained using the following formula.
Calculating learning completeness is classically formulated based on Trianto (2010) as follows.
The criteria that state students have completed if they are more than or equal to 80% have an average score of at least 75.To find out the percentage of students' self-efficacy level, this can be done by using a questionnaire that has been filled in and then looking for the The criteria for students' self-efficacy level in mathematics learning modified from Sunaryo (2017) as follows.Analyze student response data to the developed learning media to understand their reactions to its use.The data obtained used the Guntman scale with the option "Yes" for positive response criteria and the option "No" for negative response criteria with the formula according to Trianto (2017) as follows.
The N -Gains analysis is intended to determine the increase in students' metacognition abilities and mathematical self-efficacy from before to after using the developed e-book.The formula for calculating N-gain based on (Hake, 1999) is as follows.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The product developed from this research is an e-book on statistics material for class 10th students at SMA Dharma Pancasila Medan which is valid, practical and effective with the help of flip pdf pro software.The e-book developed is published in Hypertext Markup Language 5 (HTML5) where the data is easily accessed via Android devices and computers.
This e-book consists of teaching materials, example questions, teaching videos, student

a. Question Item Validity Test Results
The validity of a question is based on the relationship between the question point score and the total score using the mutual significance formula.Below are the results of the metacognitive ability test.Based on Table 9, it was found that In Trial I, the practicality results were in not well implemented category with an average score of 2.96.Meanwhile, in Trial II, the average score was 3.56, placing it in the well done category.

b. Effectiveness of Learning Media
Effectiveness is seen from classical learning completion, student response questionnaires, and the results of mathematics self-efficacy questionnaires.

1) Students' Classical Learning Completeness
Students' classical learning mastery is seen from the percentage of students who pass after being given a posttest.The results obtained are as follows.

2) Student Response
After being given a student learning outcomes test (posttest), students were asked to fill out a special questionnaire for the e-book being developed.The results obtained are as follows.positive impact on the students with more than 80% students in each class responding positively to the developed learning media.

3) Mathematical Self-Efficacy Questionnaire
The results of the mathematics self-efficacy questionnaire before and after students received treatment are as follows.Questionnaire Analysis.On the other hand, Trial II was declared effective based on these effectiveness parameters.So it can be said that e-books using Flip Pdf Pro through the Missouri Mathematics Project (MMP) learning model are "effective".

Evaluation Stage
At the evaluation stage, errors and deficiencies found during the research process are analyzed and used as consideration in improving the learning media being developed.The evaluation takes the form of an assessment using media validation sheets and validation of teaching materials, as well as opinions and suggestions for improving the learning media being developed to make it even better.Furthermore, as consideration for evaluation, the practicality sheet and response questionnaire given to students are used to revise the media being developed.This evaluation stage is intended to perfect the learning media that has been developed.
also put forward several explanations of metacognition in mathematics learning: (a) Beliefs and intuitions.What mathematical ideas prepare you for a job in mathematics and how do these ideas shape the way you do mathematics; (b) Your knowledge of mental processes, how accurately do you express your thoughts?;(c) Selfawareness or self-regulation, how well do you track what needs to be done (e.g.anxiety) and how well do you use input from observations to direct what actions to take?.According to the findings of Suryaningtyas & Setyaningrum (2020), almost all students have low metacognitive skills and still do not utilize them.According to the findings of Zakiah (2020), the level of metacognitive skills of students is still low.This is because teachers are still monotonous in the classroom and do not use a variety of teaching methods in the teaching and learning process.Teachers provide material directly in class and give practice assignments and homework.
This type of research uses the Research and Development (R&D) model.This research uses the ADDIE development model using the Tessmer formative evaluation method.This research focuses on developing e-books using Flip PDF Pro through the Missouri Mathematics Project (MMP) model to improve students' metacognitive abilities and mathematical selfefficacy.The subjects in this research are class statistical material.The instruments of this research are lesson plan, student worksheets, metacognition ability tests and mathematical self-efficacy questionnaires.As for instrument validation, there were 4 validators, namely 3 mathematics lecturer at Medan State University and 1 mathematics study teacher.Data analysis techniques are carried out through the use of learning media validity, learningpracticality and learning media effectiveness.The results of the validation assessment by experts will be analyzed based onYahya., et al (2020) as follows.

Figure 2 .
Figure 2. Several views of learning mediaThe research instrument was tested in a classroom outside the sample before being used for field testing, namely class 12th at SMA Dharma Pancasila Medan who had previously studied statistics material, then validity and reliability tests were carried out.
Development of E-Book Using Flip Pdf Pro Through Missouri Mathematics Project Model  Wahyudi., Fauzi., & Ahyaningsih    CONCLUSIONThe validity of the e-book using Flip PDF Pro through the Missouri Mathematics Project (MMP) learning model developed is included in the valid category.Research instruments which include lesson plans, student worksheets, metacognitive ability tests and mathematical self-efficacy questionnaires are included in the valid and reliable categories.The e-book developed meets the practicality criteria in analyzing the results of observations of learning implementation.The e-book with the MMP model developed meets the validity criteria in terms of: (1) achievement of students' metacognitive abilities, (2) students' response to the e-book, and (3) achievement of students' self-efficacy.E-books with the developed MMP learning model have an increase in students' metacognitive abilities and mathematical selfefficacy which are categorized as Medium.
Hanikah., et al, (2022)ded that the MMP learning model was effective and could increase students' mathematical selfefficacy.The main characteristic of the MMP model is in controlled practice, which in this case is related to metacognitive abilities which are seen based on metacognitive ability indicators, Ahyaningsih of the results, and students can check whether what was done to check the correctness of the results is correct.Flip PDF Professional is software that can create mathematics learning media in the form of e-books to help the learning process in class.According toHanikah., et al, (2022), ebooks are computer programming books that use illustrations and animations to present complex content to make the content easier to understand increase learning motivation and ultimately improve student learning outcomes.Meanwhile, Yusminar (2014), E-books are basically traditional printed books but in the form of electronic versions that can be used in computer programs and other computing devices.The role of the e-book with flip pdf pro which was developed to improve metacognition skills is the presence of project assignment sheets.This project assignment sheet can help students improve metacognitive abilities based on the relationship between the MMP learning model and existing indicators of metacognitive abilities.When working on a project assignment sheet, the teacher is also involved in it by monitoring and controlling every activity carried out by students in solving existing problems.Using the MMP Model in e-book development also has its own advantages.
been determined, and understand the concept of the problem given; 3) Evaluation, where students can think about and express/write down the methods used to check the correctnessPrima: Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika ◼ 349The Development ofE-Book Using Flip Pdf Pro Through Missouri Mathematics Project Model  Wahyudi., Fauzi., &

Table 6 . Validity of Pretest and Posttest Items for Metacognition Ability
Based on theTable 6 above, with a significance level of 5%, dk = 32-2=30, we get t table = 1.073.If we refer to the testing criteria, t count > t table then for all metacognition ability test items can be used or are valid.The results obtained are as follows.

Table 11
shows students' positive responses to the use of the e-book being developed, namely 80.74% in Trial I and 84.44% in Trial II.Overall the developed learning media had a