Prevalence of elimination stomas in a microregion in the north of Minas Gerais

1Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais – Escola de Enfermagem – Departamento de Enfermagem Básica – Belo Horizonte/MG – Brazil. Correspondence author: Eline Lima Borges | Av. Professor Alfredo Balena, 190 – Santa Efi gênia | ZIP Code: 30.130-100 – Belo Horizonte/ MG – Brazil | E-mail: eborges@ufmg.br Received: Oct 12 2018 | Accepted: Dec 18 2018 ABSTRACT Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of people with elimination stoma and to characterize them for sociodemographic and clinical aspects. Method: A descriptive cross-sectional study with a sample of 27 patients with elimination stomas residing in a microregion in the north of Minas Gerais, who met the inclusion criteria. The data collected were recorded in an instrument used in previous studies and analyzed using descriptive statistics. Study approved by the Ethics Committee. Results: The prevalence of people with stoma was 2.16/10.000, the sample contained 55.6% of men, 40.7% were married, mean age 59.1 years, 59.2% were literate and 74.0% had low income; 59.3% of the stomas were cancerous, more frequent colon and rectum tumours, 70.4% of the stomas were defi nitive, and 74.0% were colostomies. Dermatitis was the main complication and 68.2% of the patients presented effl uent of pasty consistency and performed self-care. Conclusion: The prevalence of people with stoma was like that of other municipalities in Minas Gerais and below that expected by the National and International Ostomized Associations. The characterization of the people, of the stomas and the management of these, will contribute for health professionals and managers to review the assistance protocols used in the studied microregion.


RESULTS
The study sample consisted of 27 people with elimination stoma residing in a microregion in the north of Minas Gerais. The prevalence was 2.16/10.000 people in this region. The socioeconomic and demographic variables ( Table 1)

DISCUSSION
The theme about elimination stoma has been gaining relevance due to the increasing number of surgeries that trigger its manufacture. In Brazil, this is due to the increase in non-communicable chronic diseases related to people's longer life expectancy, as well as the increase in urban violence and traffic accidents 6 .
The number of studies on stoma has been increasing and these seek to contribute to the improvement of the  Previous studies have shown that the level of education is associated with self-care 6,9 . It is worth mentioning that the level of schooling exerts in uence on the individual's capacity for understanding of its health. e high illiteracy rate has an impact on patients' quality of life, their ability to seek care and guarantee their rights 5 .
In this sense, the illiteracy of a significant number of patients is a worrying factor, since the lower level of education makes access to knowledge about the disease di cult, making the patient with passive and dependent stoma feeling unable to perform the self-care and, above all, undermining its rehabilitation process. 12,13 .
It is understood that this ability to acquire knowledge in health motivates the individual to efficiently seek resources for self-care, maintenance, promotion and recovery of health 14  It should be noted that the patients were not evaluated periodically, which may have caused the clinical complications of stoma and peristomy veri ed in the study. It has been shown in a recent study that complications can be prevented by frequent evaluation of patients, to identify risk factors that may lead to complications 18 . is demonstrates the importance of patient follow-up by the nurse 26 . is professional can provide care and stimulate self-care. Such measures are essential for the rehabilitation of the patient with 12,13 .
It is worth mentioning that the study had as a limitation the di culty of moving the patients with a stoma to the headquarters of the SAHOP in this microregion. This di culty, evidenced mainly in rural patients, constitutes a barrier to the use of health services and may compromise the quality of care provided. is refers to a re ection on the distribution of the reference between municipalities 8 .

CONCLUSION
e prevalence of people with stoma identi ed was consistent with that found in some municipalities in Minas Gerais and is below that established by the IAO and BRASO.
Most participants had only a few years of study and a signi cant portion was illiterate. ere was a predominance of married people, men, with low economic status, altered body mass index, in good general condition and with independence to ambulate.
A colostomy was the most frequent type of stoma.
Neoplasia was the main reason for the manufacture of the stoma, with a greater emphasis on rectal neoplasia. Dermatitis was the main complication of the stoma and peristomal region and was related to incorrect use of the device. Other studies on this theme should be developed, seeking to stimulate re ections on the importance of integrated care, self-care and preventive actions and early detection of pathologies and diseases that lead to the manufacture of stomas.