Students' critical thinking ability in implementing the physics learning module with inquiry strategies based on blended learning

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INTRODUCTION
In current learning activities, the teacher is required to be able to present the subject matter to the maximum.Therefore, creativity and new ideas are needed to develop ways of presenting subject matter in schools, according to the demands of the revised 2013 curriculum (Kemendikbud, 2013).Creativity is the teacher's ability to choose suitable methods, approaches, and media in presenting subject matter (Windschitl, 2008).The reality on the ground shows that until now, many teachers are still using monotonous media in learning.Hence, students must still be directed to understand the physics concepts being studied (Maria & Furtak, 2010).The media used has yet to be able to develop students' cognitive (reasoning), psychomotor (skills), and affective (attitude) abilities (Sanjaya, 2013), but they tend to memorize the physics concepts they learn.This tendency results in students' mastery of physics concepts needing to be improved.In addition, teachers as information providers tend to dominate learning activities in class.
In order to realize the objectives of learning physics, students' critical thinking skills are necessary.Critical thinking is a type of convergent thinking, which is towards a central point of knowledge.The ability to think critically is essential for life at work.Critical thinking skills are needed in learning.Critical thinking is an effort to process knowledge to identify relationships between disciplines and find creative solutions to solve certain problems (Abidin, 2016).
Critical thinking indicators, according to Ennis in Aryati (2009), are grouped into the big five activities as follows: 1. Provide a simple explanation that contains the: a. Focusing questions b.Analyze questions c.Answer questions about an explanation or question 2. Provide basic skills, which consist of: a.Consider whether the source can be trusted or not b.Observe and consider a report on the results of observations 3. Summing up, which consists of activities: a. Deduce or consider the results of the deduction b.Inducing or considering induction results c. Create and determine the value of the consideration 4. Provide a further explanation, which consists of activities: a. Identify terms and definitions of considerations and dimensions b.Identify assumptions 5. Manage strategies and techniques, which consist of: a. Emphasize action b.Interact with others According to Ennis, indicators of critical thinking ability can be rubricated by scoring 1 to 4. Score 1 is the lowest, and score 4 is the highest.The critical thinking rubric is divided into three primary activities: giving simple explanations, giving further explanations, and setting strategies that emphasize actions and techniques for interacting with others.This rubric is used as a reference for evaluating the description questions being tested.
Inquiry learning in its implementation is the teacher guiding students.Sanjaya (2013), states that inquiry learning is an inquiry learning model in which the teacher provides broad guidance or instructions to students.The teacher does most of the planning, and students do not formulate problems or problems.In inquiry learning, the activities carried out by students are still guided by the teacher.Sanjaya (2013) says that inquiry learning follows the steps including orientation, formulating problems, formulating hypotheses, collecting data, testing hypotheses, and formulating conclusions.
Through physics learning modules with inquiry strategies (Arum, 2013) and students' Gravity: Jurnal Ilmiah Penelitian dan Pembelajaran Fisika, 9(1), 2023, 57 Copyright © 2023, Gravity, ISSN 2528-1976 critical thinking skills (Techonly, 2010) based on blended learning, students are expected to improve their learning outcomes.To determine the effectiveness of implementing inquirybased physics learning modules in students' critical thinking skills, a study titled "Students' Critical Thinking Ability in the Implementation of Physics Learning Modules with Inquiry Strategies Based on Blended Learning." The formulation of the problem in this study is "Is there a difference in the average critical thinking ability of students in students who use learning module books through inquiry strategies with conventional books used in public high schools in Bandar Lampung?"

RESEARCH METHODS
This study uses a qualitative and quantitative research approach (Sugiyono, 2013) and is visualized in a flowchart as follows: The research was conducted at a high school (SMA) in Bandar Lampung City, Lampung Province.The selection of SMA will be carried out purposively, namely SMA that has implemented the revised 2013 curriculum, and these SMA certainly apply a scientific approach in learning activities, including inquiry-based physics learning.
The selection of SMA was carried out purposively, namely SMA that had implemented the revised 2013 curriculum, namely SMA Negeri 9 Bandar Lampung, and SMA had implemented a scientific approach in learning activities using the inquiry model.Research is declared successful if the assessment instrument product from the research results has values of effectiveness, efficiency, and usefulness.
The data will be analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively.Qualitative analysis to answer the research objectives, namely: To describe the average difference in students' critical thinking abilities to students who use learning module books through inquiry strategies with conventional books used in public high schools in Bandar Lampung.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Quantitative data from the pretest and posttest results obtained at the lesson's beginning and end are presented in the appendix.The average student pretest and post-test results are shown in table 1.Then the test results were analyzed using the Anates V4 program, with 36 subjects and 20 multiple-choice questions, and five essay questions.The analysis results of these items are to find out about the sign correlation, level of difficulty, discriminating power, and deceptive quality.
Based on the processing results with Anates V4, there are 20 multiple-choice questions, three items in the medium category, nine in the high category, and three in the very high category.The essay questions, which consist of 5 items, are in the very high category.
The test results were analyzed with Anates V4, and the reliability test for multiple choice questions, namely points 1 to 20, was 0,96.The reliability value of this test is included in the category of very important questions.Furthermore, the description questions for items 16 to 20 were analyzed using the Anates V4 program.Number of Subjects = 36 and 5 items with a Reliability Test result = 0,89.The reliability value of this description test is in the excellent category.
The next step in the analysis activity is to determine each item's difficulty level.The level of difficulty of the items can be seen in table 2. The differential power of the items from the results of this trial showed that each item had great discriminatory power.The results of the multiple choice test in this study obtained the quality of the distractors in the range of 0,03 -0,53.This means that the quality of the distractor on this test is in the good or functioning category.

The effectiveness of Physics learning instruments with a scientific approach through inquiry strategies based in blended learning
The results of the ability assessment are taken through tests, both at the beginning and after students have finished learning; then, students are given evaluation questions to determine the level of students' understanding of Elasticity and Hooke's Law material.Of 36 students in class XI IPA 4 (experimental class), 31 scored above the KKM, and five scored below the KKM.In class XI IPA 4 (experimental), the average ability before applying learning with a scientific approach based on blended learning was only 13,60; after being given treatment, the student's ability increased to 80,94.There was an average increase in students' ability of 67,34 after applying learning with a scientific approach through an inquiry strategy based on blended learning.
Based on these data, 83,33% of class XI IPA 4 (experimental) has been completed.Arikunto (2012) states that if 75% of students who study do a due diligence test above the KKM score, then the product of the test instrument is said to be effective and suitable for use as a test instrument.Thus, the instrument through an inquiry strategy learning Physics with a scientific approach through a blended development-based inquiry strategy is feasible and effective as a test instrument.

Efficiency of the suitability of Physics learning objectives through inquiry strategies based on blended learning with assessment
First, the main objective of this research is to produce a scientific approach assessment instrument through inquiry strategies in learning physics with an inquiry strategy based on feasible and effective blended learning.The material described relates to students' real-world situations or contexts to increase students' understanding of the material.Examples of questions and evaluation questions are provided to measure students' abilities on Elasticity and Hooke's Law material.
Second, the assessment instrument with a scientific approach through inquiry strategies in physics learning based on blended learning on Elasticity and Hooke's Law material has undergone several stages, one of which is a formative evaluation process.Formative evaluation includes material expert tests, design expert tests, and one-on-one tests from the previous year.
All three have been passed, and there are suggestions for improvement for assessing the scientific approach through inquiry strategies in physics learning based on blended learning material Elasticity and Hooke's Law, as explained in the development research stages previously described.The assessment through inquiry strategies in learning physics with a scientific approach based on blended learning was revised according to the recommendations, so an assessment instrument was obtained that was ready to use in accordance with the revised 2013 Curriculum standards that were achieved.The resulting product can be used as an assessment instrument through inquiry strategies in learning physics with a scientific approach based on blended learning for SMA.
Assessment through inquiry strategies in learning physics with a scientific approach based on blended learning of the material Elasticity and Hooke's Law that has been developed has several advantages, namely: a. Presentation of assessments through inquiry strategies in learning physics with a scientific approach based on blended learning is based on an inquiry approach which includes orientation, formulating problems, initial hypotheses, testing hypotheses, analyzing, and evaluating so that it makes it easier for students to evaluate them.b.The concepts of Elasticity and Hooke's Law in everyday life are visualized excitingly through pictures and a series of experimental questions contained in assessments through inquiry strategies in learning physics with a scientific approach based on blended learning material Elasticity and Hooke's Law.c. Assessment through inquiry strategies in physics learning with a scientific approach based on blended learning Elasticity and Hooke's Law material is arranged systematically, making it easier for students to assess inquiry strategy in physics learning with a scientific approach based on blended learning Elasticity and Hooke's Law material.d.Products from the implementation of assessments through inquiry strategies in learning physics with a scientific approach based on blended learning can be used as assessment instruments through inquiry strategies in learning physics with a scientific approach based on blended learning.

The usefulness of assessment through an inquiry strategy with a scientific approach based on blended learning in learning Physics
At the end of implementing the assessment through inquiry strategies in learning physics with a scientific approach based on blended learning.In terms of the characteristics of the test instrument it is determined by taking into account the characteristic indicators of the items used in the test, namely validity, reliability, discriminating power, level of difficulty, and deceptive quality.

a. Validity Test
The results of the validity test that has been carried out from the material, construction, and language aspects are illustrated with a graph, as shown in the figure 2. Assessment validation scores through inquiry strategies from each aspect, material aspects with a score of 4,16 or 83%, construction aspects with a score of 4,23 or 85%, and language aspects with a score of 4,22 or 84%.This score shows qualitatively that the instrument is in the excellent category.In line with Khabibah (2006), scores in the interval 4 ≤ VR ≤ 5 are very valid categories.

b. Reliability
The measurement results obtained Reliability Test = 0,96.Determination of the degree of reliability of multiple-choice items using the criteria proposed by Sugiono ( 2013).The reliability value in the 0,81 < r ≤ 1,00 is very high.The reliability value of this test is in the very significant category of questions, which is in line with Guilford's opinion in Kartowagiran (2012), which says that a measuring instrument with a reliability coefficient of 0,8 is good.. Furthermore, the reliability of essay questions using the AnatesV4 program.Number of Subjects = 36 and 5 items with Reliability Test results = 0,81.The reliability value of this description test is in a suitable category.This value is in line with Nunnally's opinion in Kartowagiran (2012), that essay questions have a reliability coefficient of 0,6 -0,7, and multiple choice questions have a reliability coefficient of 0,75 -0,90 can be said to be good.The same thing was explained by Feldt and Brehmman in Kartowagiran (2012), that an instrument that has a reliability coefficient ≤ 0,7 is said to be reliable.
A reliable instrument is one that, when used several times to measure the same object, will produce the same data.A test is highly reliable if it provides consistent results even though it is given at different times to the same respondent.The test results are fixed, or if they change, the change is not significant, so the test is said to be reliable.Therefore reliability is often referred to as the instrument's trustworthiness, dependability, stability, consistency, and stability.Reliability concerns the problem of the accuracy of measuring instruments.An instrument is considered reliable if the instrument can be trusted as a measuring tool for research data.

c. Difficulty Level
Judging from the difficulty level of the questions, the number of questions is proportional, with the details of most of the questions in the medium category as much as

CONCLUSION
This study concluded that the results of the effectiveness test on class XI IPA 4 students at SMAN 9 Bandar Lampung had been carried out.The results showed that the implementation of assessment through inquiry strategies in physics learning with a scientific approach based on blended learning was developed effectively, with the acquisition of learning outcomes of 83,33% of students passed the KKM, and with the highest score of 97,5.The efficiency suitability of Physics learning objectives through a scientific approach based on blended learning with assessment through inquiry strategies is very efficient when viewed from evaluation, which makes it easier for students to do it; visualization displayed in interesting everyday life can be through pictures and a series of trial questions; systematic, making it easier for students to work on; Products from the implementation of assessments through inquiry strategies in learning physics are very efficient to use.The usefulness of assessment through an inquiry strategy through a scientific approach based on blended learning in learning physics in terms of (a) 83% content validity, 85% construction, and 84% language; (b) Reliability has met the requirements, even including high with a reliability coefficient of more than 0,80; (c) the level of difficulty is good, ranging from 0,28 to 0,78; and (d) very good differential power, in the range of 0,44 to 1,00.
Suggestions in this study include assessment instruments through inquiry strategies in learning physics with a scientific approach based on blended learning.They are tested on largescale groups so that effective results are truly tested.The assessment instrument through inquiry strategies in learning physics with a scientific approach based on blended learning can be used according to the needs of educators in assessing the competence of students' abilities in learning physics.Assessment instruments through inquiry strategies in learning physics with a scientific approach based on blended learning can be made as an analogy for material other than Elasticity and Hooke's Law.It is necessary to develop instruments through inquiry strategies in learning physics with a scientific approach based on blended learning on different basic physics competencies due to researchers' limited ability.

Figure 1 .
Figure 1.The flow of the research approach

Figure 2 .
Figure 2. Graph of validation results

Table 1 .
Data on average student pretest and post-test results