Inventory Control Of Disposable Medical Devices in Hospitals Using The Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) Dan Reorder Point (ROP) Method

ABSTRACT


INTRODUCTION
The hospital is an organization that plays a very important role in provide health services to the maximum extent possible to the community with the aim of improving people's standard of living.The main thing to do in the hospital is channel more services to perform services, care and healing to community (Iqbal, 2019).Disposable medical devices are one of the medical devices used in departments medical devices that are used once and used up are immediately disposed of to prevent transmission disease and viruses to other patients.The main part of the hospital in charge of Availability of medical devices, namely pharmacy warehouses.The pharmacy warehouse is part of the store various goods such as drugs, chemicals, radiological materials, medical gases, and disposable medical devices as a support for hospital needs (Setiawati dkk, 2022).Inventory control (inventory control) is an activity that is intended so that the existing inventory or stock is not will experience a shortage and can be maintained at an optimal level so that the cost of inventory.andcan be maintained at an optimal level so that the cost of inventory optimal (Kartika, 2022).Control of disposable medical devices in the hospital pharmacy warehouse Dr. Pringadi must maintain its stock so that it can assist medical personnel in providing it service to patients.If the availability of disposable medical devices in hospitals is experiencing out of stock and the pharmacy warehouse clerk made a mistake, then the risk of error must be borne by the hospital.While inventory is too large will increase costs storage, investment value and increase the occurrence of damage, and expitarion (Abbas, dkk, 2021).One method of inventory control in the warehouse is usingEconomic Order Quantity (EOQ) method.EOQ aims to determine the amountthe most economical purchase of goods per period of the next purchase period.InHospital Pharmacy Warehouse Dr. Pringadi also made a return order four times inone year but it can not meet the demand for the goods in which the goods are soldstock for three months is not sufficient so that you can place an order againincrease the cost of ordering, therefore this research was conducted at RSUD Dr. Pringadito find out the optimal ordering and the point of reordering againstdisposable medical devices in pharmaceutical warehouses using EOQ and ROP calculation methods.Where the results of this calculation can optimize ordering costs and storage costsso the value of the investment is reduced.Calculation of the inventory control methodcan use POM-QM software to find out accurate results.

Disposable Medical Devices
Disposable medical devices are medical devices that are disposable and not disposable can be used repeatedly for the same patient or other patients, for fear that something will happen the spread of infectious germs and viruses left on the device (Utami, 2023) Pharmaceutical warehouse is a functional implementation unit that organizes all activities pharmacy services in hospitals.When performing pharmaceutical services, pharmacy warehouse the hospital is fully guided by the pharmaceutical service standards that are used as a reject measurement used as a guideline for pharmacists in performing services pharmacy where this pharmaceutical service is a direct and responsible service fully responsible for patient safety related to the availability of pharmaceuticals with The goal is to achieve a definite outcome to improve patient quality.(Priatna et al., 2021).

Inventory Control
Inventory control is a series of control policies to determine inventory levels that must be maintained, when to place orders for additional inventory, and how large an order should be placed, the amount or level of inventory required (Swasono and Prastowo, 2021).One way of managing goods that can be seen from the amount of usage and price of ach goods.Where the investment value can be divided into levels in percent, namely the investment value 0-70 is a high investment rate of the unit price.71-90% investment value is the rate investment that includes moderate inventory and investment value of 91-100%, namely the investment level which is of low use.

Economi Order Quantity (EOQ) Method
The Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) method is one of the control control techniques inventory that is used most often and EOQ is the amount of inventory that must be ordered by the amount of inventory that must be ordered effectively with the aim of reducing inventory costs.The EOQ method has the following calculation formula: Buffer stock is a safety stock that serves to protect against contingency the occurrence of a shortage of goods, for example due to the use of goods that are larger than expected from previous estimates or due to delays in receiving the ordered items (Alkarim et al., 2023).
As for how to calculate the safety stock (buffer stock).

𝑆𝑆 = 𝑍 × 𝑑 × 𝑙
(2) Reorder Point (ROP) or reorder point is the time that is done for hold a reorder of products or goods, so that at the time of receipt of the goods ordered on time according to the desired capacity in the warehouse and Reorder point is a point where an item in the warehouse must be added to its inventory before run out (Wahanani et al., 2023).To determine ROP, the following formula can be used: To help calculate the EOQ and ROP methods, you can use softwarePOM-QM Version 4.0.the use of this software can make it easier to find out the results the calculation is more accurate and knows more about how many times to place an order optimal, as well as the cost of ordering each type of goods.The primary and secondary data used in this study are the data provided the pharmacy warehouse at RSUD Dr. Pringadi is data on disposable medical devices for monthly use june-july 2023 and unit prices and a little interview about hospital inventory control.

Inventory and Use of Disposable Medical Devices Data
Controlling the supply of disposable medical devices at RSUD Dr. Pringadi is the first.Stock taking is done to check the number of goods (physical) with computer data collection, guarantee quality, and avoid damage and expiration.Based on Based on the results of observations, stock taking is an activity carried out to match physical conditions stock of goods on the computer and with evidence of bookkeeping or source documents (receipts, demand, expenditure and inspection of goods) so that it can be known the quality, quantity and the expiration date of the item.then use the defecta book.The defect book is documentation/records regarding ordering disposable medical devices to suppliers.This book used to record items that must be ordered to meet availability requirements goods.The function of this book is to check goods and stock, avoid forgetting orders return thing.Furthermore, the use of the e-catalog application for stock information on disposable medical devices can be viewed using software that contains information systems on a computer Every incoming disposable medical devices (sent by distributors) and direct disposable medical devices input into the computer, next.Based on the research, there are 103 types of consumable medical devices used the units consisting of pcs, packs, bottles, sheets, tubes, rolls and each of them have different prices.The following lists the supply and use of single-use medical devices in June-July 2023.Based on table 3.3, the investment level for disposable medical devices is based on the number of types of medical devices disposable.The 0-70% investment group owns 11 types of disposable medical devices investment value of Rp 642,136,040.00or 70.6% of the total investment.Groups belonging to that level 71-90% investment owns 21 types of disposable medical devices with an investment value of Rp 181,953,529.00or 20 total investment.And those belonging to the 91-100% investment level group have 71 types of disposable medical devices with an investment value of Rp 85,103,749.00 or 9.4% of the total investment.

Inventory Control
At present the method applied by RSUP Dr. Pringadi is not in accordance with effective control.by therefore in this study using the method of inventory control.so that this can help the Pharmaceutical Warehouse in inventory control.

Calculating Disposable Medical Device Inventory Control Using the Economic Order Quantity (EOQ)
To find out the optimal and optimal number of orders for each order on disposable medical devices at RSUD Dr. Pringadi can use the Economic Order method Quantity (EOQ).In this EOQ calculation requires data regarding storage costs and booking fees.
a. Oderi Fee (Ordering Cost) According to (Adhelita, 2019) ordering costs are costs incurred at the time of manufacture order starts.The cost of the order can be calculated from the cost of telephone, defta book, defta book and ink rates black printers.The following Storage costs are storage costs for goods.Storage fee can, items that are used are stored too long.Storage fee according to heizer in (Denita et.al, 2020) which is 26% of the unit price or cost each unit.After knowing the results of the calculation of the total cost of ordering and storage costs as well as the amount of use of disposable medical devices then economic calculations are carried out order quantity or find out the optimal order quantity for each type of disposable medical device in one order.The following is an example of the results of calculations using the Economic method formula The Order Quantity on Ultrasound Paper -110 Hg is as follows. Where: most economical optimum number of orders D = Number of requests for a period S = Ordering fee each time an order is made H = Warehouse storage cost per unit / month 2.4.Buffer Stock 53 Tabel 3.1 List of Supplies and Use of Disposable Medical Devices for June-July 2023 at RSUD Dr. Pringadi r Inventory Control of Disposable Medical Devices in Hospitals Using the Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) Dan Reorder Point (ROP) Method (Elis Citra Purnama Purba) Zero: Jurnal Sains, Matematika dan Terapan table calculates the cost of ordering at the Pharmacy Warehouse of RSUD Dr. Pringadi Tabel 3.2 Total Cost Per Order of Disposable Medical Devices at RSUD Dr. Pringadi r Inventory Control of Disposable Medical Devices in Hospitals Using the Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) Dan Reorder Point (ROP) Method (Elis Citra Purnama Purba) 57 b.Storage Fee (Holding Cost) Rp 4.184.40H = 26% × Rp 181.000.00 = Rp 47.060.00So, the optimal number of orders for each order of Usg Paper -110 Hg is 182 rolls.The following is a table for calculating disposable medical devices using the EOQ method.Tabel 3.3 Calculation of Disposable Medical Devices Using the the high Inversment grop Economic Order Quantity Method.