Code Mixing Found in Bukan Empat Mata Program on Trans 7 Television Channel

This study is aimed to find the kinds of code mixing and to know which kinds of code mixing are dominantly used in Bukan Empat Mata Program on TRANS 7 Television channel. Descriptive qualitative method is used in this study. The data were collected through watching, recording, transferring, playing, selecting and transcribing the data from the conversations between the presenters and the guest stars. The collected data were then analyzed through identifying the data, selecting the data related to the code mixing, listing and classifying the data based on the kinds of code mixing and finally drawing conclusion. It was found that there are two kinds of code mixing used by prersenters and guest stars in Bukan Empat Mata program, namely situational and conversational code mixing. Between two kinds of code mixing, conversational code mixing is dominantly used both by presenters and the guest stars in which they sometimes change the pronunciation from English into Indonesian in the conversation.


INTRODUCTION
Language is one of communication systems which is used by people in the life. Without using language, people will get difficulty to communicate each other. Besides, they use a language to avoid misunderstanding in communication. This is related to the definition by Wardhaugh (2006) stating that language is a system of arbitrary verbal symbol by which the member of speech community used as a means of communication to interact and express their ideas, feeling, and thoughts. This definition shows that the function of language is to make a communication and to deliver information each other. Language is really needed by people as a means of communication in the life.
Indonesian people sometimes use more than one language to communicate to each other. They use Indonesian as a national language. Javanese, Maduranese, Sundanese, and so on as their regional language and also English as International language for Indonesian people. Many Indonesians use English for many purposes such as education, business, and job. So Indonesians can be called as bilingual or multilingual society. In bilingual and multilingual societies, people may produce certain codes because people want to make the communication run well. Wardhaugh (1986) states that in bilingualism and multilingualism people are usually forced to select a particular code whenever they choose to speak, and they may also decide to switch from one code to another or to mix code.
Code can be used to refer to ´any kind of system that two or more people employ for communicationµ (Wardaugh, 2006, p.1). There are two kinds of code, they are code mixing and code switching. According to Wardhaugh (2006), people are usually required to select a particular code whenever they choose to speak, and they may also decide to switch from one code to another even within sometimes very short utterances and thereby create a new code in a process known as code switching. In addition, Wardhaugh states that code mixing ´occurs when conversant use both languages together to extend that they change from one language to other in the course of a single utteranceµ S . Language and communication are related. Language is certainly used by people when they communicate with others. They can communicate each other by using two ways of communication; oral and written. Oral communication is communication which entails talking using the spoken word, such as talking face-to-face, on a telephone, on dialogue, etc. It can be through visual aid or broadcasting media such as radio and television. Written communication is the process of sending and receiving through press, such as letter, newspaper, magazine, etc.
Talking about television, there are many television channels in Indonesia, such as TVRI, INDOSIAR, AN-TV, RCTI, SCTV, JTV, TRANS, TRANS 7, etc. Those television channels usually give or show some programs, such as movies, quizes, news, talk show, and other programs. One of television channel which shows talk show program is TRANS 7. One of talk show program which is broadcasted E\ 75$16 LV ´Bukan Empat Mataµ Bukan Empat Mata program is an interesting talk show. This program is considered to have a funny presenter, Tukul Arwana. He is usually accompanied by other presenters. In addition, there are some artists in that program as the guest stars because this program WDONV DERXW WKH JXHVW VWDUV· OLIH Besides, the presenters usually mix and/or switch their language. This phenomena is commonly called as code mixing and code switching in Sociolinguistic study. This study focuses on code mixing and kinds of code mixing used in conversations between presenters and the guest stars of Bukan Empat Mata Program. The objectives of this study are to give contribution in the field of sociolinguistics and to find out that code mixing can be applied in conversation not only in talk show but also in daily life.

LITERATURE REVIEW Bilingualism
Weinrich (1968( , cited in Hoffmann, 1991 stated that the practice of using two languages will be called bilingualism and the person involved in it is called as bilingual. Besides, Mackey (1970, cited in Hoffmann: 1991 mentioned WKDW ´LW VHHPV REYLRXV WKDW LI ZH study the phenomenon of bilingualism, we are forced to consider it as something entirely relative. We must more over include the use not only of two languages, but of any number of languages. We shall therefore consider bilingualism as the alternate use of two or more languages by the same inGLYLGXDOµ S -16).
Furthermore, according to Platt (1975), the term of bilingual DQG ELOLQJXDOLVP FRYHUV ´D ZLGH UDQJH RI VLWXDWLRQ Fommunities and individuals. In popular usage, one may say that a person is a bilingual if he speaks two languages, no matter to what degree. The term multilingual is less common but is appropriate when it is a matter of PRUH WKDQ WZR ODQJXDJHVµ (p.85). Wardhaugh (1986) also states that in bilingualism and multilingualism, people are usually forced to select a particular code whenever they choose to speak, and they may also decide to switch from one code to another or to mix code. Based on the above explanation, it can be concluded that bilingualism is the ability of using two languages to communicate with others. A person who can speak two languages is a bilingual. Bilingual and multilingual use a particular code to switch from one code to another and to mix code in a communication.

Code switching
When a person communicates with other persons, he or she sends a code to the receiver. The speaker and receiver must understand the code. Code will be something he or she may want to call a language which is accessed by the speaker. Bilingual speakers have access to two codes that can be shifted as the converse, either by code switching or code mixing.
According to Wardhaugh (2006), people are usually required WR ´VHOHFW D SDUWLFXODU FRGH ZKHQHYHU WKH\ FKRRVH WR VSHDN DQG WKH\ may also decide to switch from one code to another even within sometimes very short utterances and thereby create a new code in a SURFHVV NQRZQ DV FRGH VZLWFKLQJµ (p.100).
Code switching is potentially the most creative aspect of bilingual speech. The most general description about code switching is that it involves the alternate use of two languages or linguistic varieties within the same utterance or during the same conversation (Hoffmann, 1991, p.109-110).
It can be concluded that code switching is the speakers switch their language to totally other language in order to make the addressees understand what their saying to others. Wardhaugh (2002) divides code switching into situational and metaphorical. Situational code switching occurs when the languages used change according to the situations in which the conversant find themselves; they speak one language in one situation and another in a different one. Furthermore, metaphorical code switching occurs when a change of a topic requires a change in the language used. The interesting point here is that some topics may be discussed in either code, but the choice of code adds a distinct flavor to what is said about topic. For examples, the use of the former for an activity always discussed in a particular language, the use of the latter to evoke special feeling, the speaker changes the code as he or she redefine the situation formal to informal, official to personal, serious to humorous, and politeness to solidarity. Wardhaugh (1986, p. 103) states that ´FRGH PL[LQJ RFFXUV when conversants use both languages together to extend that they change from one language to other in the course of a single XWWHUDQFHµ ,Q DGGLWLRQ 5HGOLQJHU 3DUN 1980, cited in Hoffmann: 1991 define language mixing as the combining of elements from two languages in a single utterance. It occurs when a speaker uses a certain language in his communication; however, he inserts some pieces of another language. Therefore, it can be concluded that code mixing is a speaker inserts or mixes two languages in a single utterances and it usually occurs in informal situation.

Code mixing
According to Wardhaugh (1986) there are two kinds of code mixing. They are situational and conversational. Situational codemixing occurs when conversant use both languages together to the extent that they change from one language to the other in the course of a single utterance. What we observe is that one variety is used in a certain set situations and another in an entirely different set. However, the changeover from one to the other may be instantaneous or spontaneous related with the topic being discussed. Situational code mixing occurs when the language used change according to the situation in which the conversant find them; they speak one language in one situation and another language in different one. But, conversational code-mixing involves the deliberate mixing of two languages without an associated topic change. Plaff (1979, cited in Wardaugh: 1986 provides the following example of conversational code-mixing among Spanish-English bilinguals: No van a bring it up in the meeting ¶7KH\ DUH QRW JRLQJ WR EULQJ LW XS LQ WKH PHHWLQJ· Estaba training para pelear ¶+H ZDV WUDLQLQJ WR ILJKW· Etc.
In short, such conversational code-mixing is often used by bilinguals, primarily as a solidarity marker. A speaker who mixes codes in this way in conversation with a friend of acquaintance will almost certainly shift entirely to English when addressing a monolingual English-speaking person or entirely Spanish origin. The people to make the situational or condition lively usually use conversational code mixing.

METHOD
This study used descriptive qualitative based on the nature of situation that was described the phenomena of code mixing in Bukan Empat Mata Program. The objects of this study were the presenters and the guest stars of the Program on TRANS 7 television channel. The object of the study was Tukul Arwana as the presenter and he was accompanied by other presenters, Vega Damayanti and Shintia Sari. The data were taken from the conversations between the presenters and the guest stars through watching the program and recording it, transferring and playing the data several times, selecting the data related to the aim of the study and finally rewriting or transcribing the data. Furthermore, the collected data were then analyzed through identifying the data, selecting the data related to the code mixing, listing and classifying the data based on the kinds of code mixing and finally drawing conclusion.

FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
This study was aimed to find the kinds of code mixing used by presenters and guest stars in Bukan Empat Mata Program on TRANS 7 Television channel. This study reveals that there are two kinds of code mixing, namely conversational code mixing and situational code mixing. The following is the detailed (the bold words/phrases are the code mixing): It could be said from the data presented above that code mixing is one of the language varieties which has unique characteristic. The presenters and the guest stars in Bukan Empat Mata Program on TRANS 7 television channel used code mixing in their conversations. They mix Indonesian and English in their utterances when they did conversation. It is classified as Situational code mixing when the presenters and the guest stars used two languages, Indonesian and English together to extent that they change from one language to another language in a single utterance in the conversation. Besides, the presenters and guest stars also applied situational code mixing when they mixed between Indonesian and English together based on the situation in the conversation and they also mixed both languages without an associated topic change.
The dominant kinds of code mixing which were found in the conversation of Bukan Empat Mata program was conversational code mixing in which the presenters and the guest stars sometimes change the pronunciation from English to Indonesian in the conversation.

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Code mixing was used by the presenters and the guest stars in Bukan Empat Mata Program on TRANS 7 television channel. They used two languages, English and Indonesian together in their utterances. They were able to mix their languages in the conversation spontaneously. It can make the presenters and the guest stars more confident when they did conversation. There are two kinds of code mixing, namely situational and conversational code mixing. It is known that the presenters and the guest stars used situational code mixing to make the program more interesting. Besides, they also used conversational code mixing to make Bukan Empat Mata Program more alive. Code mixing in the program used in relaxed and informal condition. The presenters and the guest stars used English and Indonesian code mixing in their conversation. Moreover, their utterances were also understandable to the viewers.
This study was also recommended to the lecturers, the students and the future researchers. For the lecturers, the result of this study can be as additional information especially for sociolinguistics subject. The material can be used as consideration in preparing, selecting and constructing for sociolinguistics class. English lecturers are recommended to get some inspiration in sociolinguistics subject which related to code mixing material. For the students, it is hoped that by knowing the results of this study, they will know code mixing between Indonesian and English were used in talk show program and it can be as a reference to study linguistics. For the future researchers, it is hoped that they can find code mixing in other mass media such as advertisement, radio, magazine, etc. Besides, the future researchers