OPTIMIZE THE PERFORMANCE OF ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT IN GAS SEPARATION STATIONS ( DEGASSING STATION DS ) AND ELECTRICAL SUBMERSIBLE PUMPS OF OIL EQUIPMENT FOR OIL RUMAILA FIELD

Annotation: There are various types of electrical equipment used in the extraction of oil at the Rumaila field, with an average voltage of 11 kV and a low voltage of 0.4 kV. The most common elements in this class are transformers and reactors, engines and gas discharge lamps. All of this equipment consumes reactive power and reduces the value of the power factor. (Power factor is the ratio of kW to kVA). The closer the power factor to the maximum possible value of 1, the greater the benefit for the consumer and supplier. In case of low power factor, the current will be increased, and this high current will lead to (large line losses, an increase in the nominal total power of kVA and overhaul dimensions of electrical equipment, deterioration in voltage regulation process and an increase in voltage drop, a decrease in efficiency). Power factor improvement allows the use of smaller transformers, switchgear and cables, etc. as well as reducing power losses and voltage drop in an installation. Improving the power factor of an installation requires a bank of capacitors which acts as a source of reactive energy. These arrangements provide reactive energy compensation. In Rumila, An improvement of the power factor of an installation presents several technical and economic advantages, notably in the reduction of electricity bills, we save (685.854.007 Iraqi Dinar= 550.000 $) for one month . All this work takes 6 to 12 month.


INTRODUCTION Correction power factor for oil stations.
Oil production is operated by Rumaila Operating Organisation, with 14 degassing stations (Gases Separating stations) currently installed 7 in the North field and 7 in the South field.These stations provide 3-phase separation (oil, water & natural gas).Crude oil is sent by pipeline to local refineries or ports in Basra for export.Natural gas is provided to the Basra Gas Company.Water is disposed into disposal wells.Adding that there are 10 injection water stations.
All this Gases Separating stations DS that feed by electrical supplies from ministry of Iraq electrical (132 KV TO 11 KV).Accordingly this DS will distributor the electrical power to feed electrical submersible pumps and the other equipment which oil production sharing.
Most of these electrical loads are inductive loads, that mean power factor is lagging and these low value.As the reading of power sources, we read the value of power factor value 0.6 to 0.65.Schedule (1).If we assume corrected the power factor to 0.9.
Schedule Correction power factor electrical submersible pumps.
The electrical submersible pumping systems deliver an effective and economical means of lifting large volumes of fluids from great depths under a variety of well conditions.The ESP system is comprised of an electric motor, seal section, rotary gas separator optional, multistage centrifugal pump, electric power cable, motor controller and transformers fig (1).ESP is a very versatile artificial lift method and can be found in operating.

Fig. 1. Electrical submersible pump components
A high power factor allows the optimization of the components of an installation.Overating of certain equipment can be avoided, but to achieve the best results, the correction should be effected as close to the individual inductive items as possible.[1][2][3][4] The installation of a capacitor bank can avoid the need to change a transformer in the event of a load increase, the reactive power absorbed by a transformer cannot be neglected, and can amount to (about) 5% of the transformer rating when supplying its full load.Compensation can be provided by a bank of capacitors.In transformers, reactive power is absorbed by both shunt (magnetizing) and series (leakage flux) reactance [5][6][7][8].Complete compensation can be provided by a bank of shuntconnected LV capacitors.Individual motor compensation is recommended where the motor power (kVA) is large with respect to the declared power of the installation.
Capacitors are especially sensitive to harmonic components of the supply voltage due to the fact that capacitive reactance decreases as the frequency increases [9][10][11][12].In practice, this means that a relatively small percentage of harmonic voltage can cause a significant current to flow in the capacitor circuit.The presence of harmonic components causes the (normally sinusoidal) wave form of voltage or current to be distorted, the greater the harmonic content, the greater the degree of distortion.If the natural frequency of the capacitor bank power-system reactance combination is close to a particular harmonic, then partial resonance will occur, with amplified values of voltage and current at the harmonic frequency concerned.In this particular case, the elevated current will cause overheating of the capacitor, with degradation of the dielectric, which may result in its eventual failure.Several solutions to these problems are available.This can be accomplished by [13][14][15][16][17][18] a. Shunt connected harmonic filter and/or harmonic-suppression reactors or b.Active power filters or c.Hybrid filters

Research Issues
Iraq is suffering from electricity power lack ,As summer temperatures go up each spring, wherefore demand of power its increase too ,as the oil stations consider the most consumption of electrical power and it need continual power , we must be find the reduce

AIMS
In general, the equipment that working in oil industry have to heavy duty and high ability and works at hard condition.Correcting power factor will be improve the performance of this equipment, add that the reduce electricity bills expense where we are get the gain 550.000 $ at one month.
OBJECTIVES This research will be to resolve more problems attached to: Reduction in the cost of electricity.Technical/economic optimization.There more of utility will be usefulness (oil and electrical ministry), and this project was achieved by add power factor correction equipment( capacitors and filtering ), with calculated the harmonics action on the grid( the third and five harmonic ).

METHODOLOGY
The steps proposed to complete the research represented by the correction should be effected as close to the individual inductive items as possible as : Compensation at the terminals of a transformer.Compensation to increase the available active power output or Compensation of reactive energy absorbed by the transformer.
Power factor correction of induction motors Connection of a capacitor bank and protection settings.
Lighting and electronic devices as soft starting and variable frequency speed .connectdirectly with the Capacitor elements.Protection, control devices and connecting cables.
Collect and analyse the data by taking the read of kwh meters at every station.
consumption methods.Power factor correction one of this method .wherewe get the gain 60 MW extra fig.(2).