Rebuilding Harmony: Social Interactions After the Maluku Conflict

The purpose of this study was to determine the dynamics of social interactions that were passed down from previous generations in students of the BK Study Program after the Maluku conflict. The research method used a qualitative approach with in-depth interviews with students whose families experienced the conflict in Maluku directly in 1999-2002. Through coding analysis, the research identified thematic patterns and meanings that emerged from students' narratives. Based on the results of the study, it was found that the social interaction of post-conflict Counseling students both individually and in groups can be established with active communication between students of different religions with tolerance as an attitude to maintain harmony in social relations during the study period and emphasize the need for integration of social aspects reflected in the study program curriculum so that the unique experience of each post-conflict student passed down from generation to generation can adapt to the campus environment commonly dubbed the "campus of basudara people".


INTRODUCTION
Humans are social creatures created by God who cannot live alone, they need other people to fulfill their needs, both physical and spiritual needs and other needs for their survival.Individuals have the potential to meet these needs, but the potential that exists in each individual is very limited so they must ask for help from other individuals who both live in the surrounding environment or often called society Soekanto, 1981 in (Mac Iver, n.d.).Furthermore, society is formed based on a collection of individuals who carry out reciprocal relationships or symbiotic mutualism.
Interaction is a relationship between two systems that occurs in such a way that events that take place in one system will affect events that occur in other systems.Interaction is a social relationship between individuals in such a way that the individuals concerned influence each other Chaplin, 2011 in (Rasyid, 2014).According to Gillin and Gillin in (Problems, 2015) social interaction is a dynamic social relationship that involves relationships between individuals, between human groups and between individuals and human groups.When two people meet, social interaction begins at that moment.They greet each other, shake hands, talk to each other or may even fight.Such activities are forms of social interaction.So social interaction is the ability of an individual in conducting social relations with other individuals or groups characterized by the existence of social contact and communication.
A student is someone who is in the process of gaining knowledge or learning and is registered to undergo education in one form of higher education needs to always be able to keep up with the times.In order to be expected to improve and maintain the quality of counseling students and not create a condition and view where school is only a formality institution, not as an agent of change, helper, transmitter and independent (Putranti, Rahman, & Aji, 2018).So that the potential, interests and talents possessed by BK students can develop optimally, because in terms of a guidance and counseling perspective, BK students are individuals who are in the process of developing or becoming, namely developing towards maturity or independence (Cakara Putra Bhakti, 2015).To achieve maturity, individuals need guidance, because they still do not understand their abilities, environment and experiences to achieve a good and quality life Nugraha & Rahman, 2017 in (C P Bhakti, Safitri, & Rahman, 2018).
The demands and tasks of individual or student development arise due to changes that occur in several functional aspects of the individual, namely physical, psychological and social.The higher the level of education, the more responsibilities that need to be carried out.A student is someone who is in the process of gaining knowledge or learning and is registered to undergo education in one of the forms of higher education consisting of academics, polytechnics, colleges, institutes and universities Hartaji, 2012 in (Tiara & Susanti, 2022).As social creatures, humans always interact with other humans at all times and in various situations.If more than one individual has the same goal, then there is cooperation, otherwise if more than one individual has different interests, then social problems arise such as the conflict that occurred in Ambon (Maluku).
The specific impact of the social conflict in Ambon (Maluku) that is felt today is the formation of group gaps that only interact with each other, this is still felt as jokes about religion are still quite sensitive in the campus academic world.Students become rigid in their interactions and jokes that lead to anger.They tend to be careful in their behavior, this is felt from the results of interviews, February 2024.On the other hand, related to stereotype theory where post-conflict intergroup views tend to be passed down from generation to generation, this is also what happens to counseling students who have parents or families who experience conflict directly.Meanwhile, history records that the conflict that occurred in Maluku began on January 19, 1999 and lasted for several years (hereinafter referred to as the Maluku conflict), which resulted in death and human suffering, destruction of property, coercion or religious conversion.The Maluku conflict, which is considered a conflict of riots, crimes and very largescale human rights violations, has become a dark and very bad historical record in the process of human civilization, which occurred in the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia (NKRI), which is recognized by its Constitution as a democratic state based on law and upholds human rights Waileruny, 2010 in (Indrawan & Putri, 2022).
Conflict is a form of social interaction when two individuals have different interests and lose harmony between them.Basically, conflict is natural and often occurs in everyday life.As said (Walter, 2012) "the history of humankind and the rise and fall of civilizations is unquestionably a story of conflict.Conflict is inherent in human activities.It is omnipresent and foreordained."The social conflicts of January 19, 1999 andApril 25, 2004 that occurred in Maluku and especially Ambon city have affected the relationship of community interaction in various aspects of community life in Ambon city.The influence is mainly on economic, political, cultural and inter-religious relations as a whole, both between indigenous people (Muslims and non-Muslims) with migrants, migrants with non-Muslims and between Muslims as a whole and non-Muslims (Protestant Christians, Catholics and others) in the city of Ambon.Based on the concept (Talcott, n.d.), every social system is required functional requirements.Among these requirements, it is explained that every social must be able to adapt to the environment and to the demands of transformation in every condition of citizen action (adaptation) Next, the actions of citizens are directed towards achieving common goals (goal attainment).Then another requirement is that in interactions between citizens there must be at least a level of solidarity, so that social structures and systems function (integration) without it seems that what Parson put forward is quite relevant to be used as one of the bases in analyzing structural and functional local conflicts: and on the basis of this Parsons concept knowledge of social conflict will be more adequate.In connection with this, Coser said that conflict is an important component in every social interaction, therefore according to Coser, 1974 in (Tuhuteru, 2021), that conflict does not need to be avoided, because conflict cannot be said to be always bad or divisive or destructive.In other words, conflict can contribute a lot to the preservation of social life, even strengthening relationships between members.From the description stated about the social interaction of post-conflict counseling students, this researcher wants to examine the social life that occurs within the scope of Guidance and Counseling Students after the Maluku conflict that occurred in 1999.

METHOD
The research method used in this study uses a qualitative approach with descriptive analysis.Descriptive qualitative research is used because it describes a symptom, event, event that is happening now (Sudjana, 2012).This is in line with the opinion of Nana Syaodih who explains that descriptive qualitative research is used to describe existing phenomena, both natural and based on human engineering (Syaodih, 2014).Descriptive qualitative research aims to describe and describe phenomena both natural and human engineering (Rusandi & Muhammad Rusli, 2021).The data collection method in this study uses observation, interview and documentation techniques.Then further analyze the findings using data reduction and determine the themes that exist from the findings.The research location was at Pattimura University, guidance and counseling study program.The research subjects were aimed at guidance and counseling students of class 2021 and 2022.The research subjects obtained were 2 subjects with several significant others who became additional informants in the validity of the data and the determination of subject selection was based on the results of initial observations of guidance and counseling students.This method is used to obtain data or information about social interactions that occur within the scope of Guidance and Counseling students after the Maluku conflict.The procedure used in this research is qualitative.The procedure in this study consists of 4 stages, namely: (1) Data collection, (2) Data reduction and data classification, (3) Data display, (4) Drawing conclusions.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The purpose of this study targets students from two different batches as subjects, and we took two class representatives as sources of information in this study, namely batches 2021 and 2022.In this study, researchers conducted interviews which were held on Tuesday, November 14, 2023, precisely in the BK lll room.Researchers conducted interviews separately but at the same time as for the subjects, namely N.B.T and V.R.S. researchers used 12 items of questions as a reference for researchers to collect data on the social interaction of BK students after the Maluku conflict.From the results of data collection conducted through interviews, it states that the two subjects' post-conflict counseling student interactions are fine.With the stages of collecting data through interviews, then reducing the data from interviews and observations that are calcified in the main themes that researchers form based on the meaning patterns of the theoretical aspects that researchers use as interview guidelines then combine them in the form of meaningful themes and produce data that are relevant to the objectives of this study.The results of the coding used to help quote the meanings that arise researchers try to summarize into the themes / categories below to answer the research objectives.The description of students' social interactions in the academic environment is the main issue before they plunge into the industrial world or the more concrete world of work.The expected attitude must also be formed while students are studying at Patitmura University in Ambon, The themes that can be explained from the results of interviews and observations can be described in the dynamics of the social life of BK study program students in the campus environment, namely;

Communication Overview of Counseling Students
Hidayat, who quotes from Berelson and Steiner in his book Ethics and Press Law, states that communication is "Includes all procedures through which one person's mind can influence another person."The understanding can be interpreted that the essence of the understanding of communication is simply the process of delivering messages from the communicator (message delivery) to the communicant (message recipient) until there is a feedback (reciprocity).So that Rogers andKincaid, 2005 in (Rusadi, 2014), produced a new definition which states that: "Communication is a process by which two or more people form or exchange information with each other, which in turn will arrive at a deep mutual understanding".Moekijat, 2003 in (Suryati, 2019): "Communication is the art of developing and gaining understanding between people.Communication is the process of exchanging information and feelings between two or more people, and is important for effective management".The occurrence of communication is a consequence of social relations (social relations).Society consists of at least two people who are in contact with each other, which because of the relationship gives rise to social interaction (social interaction).From the above themes, researchers have some meaningful results such as the expression of subject 1 below: "....we eee carry out very good communication and I eee see the positive side by providing awareness for us to aaa create peace and harmony in the Maluku region, especially in class... "S1,17-24+S2,16-29 "....how I adapt in communicating with people who have different communication with me first, I am able to adjust the way I convey information or find a point to understand the communication preferences with my interlocutor or with my friends..." S1,28-42+S2,33-50.

The dynamics of perceived post-conflict attitudes
Slamet Santosa, 2004 in (Putri, Hakim, & Wati, 2019), defines Group Dynamics as an organized group of two or more individuals who have a clear psychological relationship between one member and another; between group members have a psychological relationship that takes place in a situation that is experienced together.In essence, Group Dynamics includes group processes and feelings.Therefore, it is more descriptive, there is no good or bad.In the organizational system, there are also many Group Dynamics approaches to the process of implementing and achieving group goals."....I mingle with my friends where eee we are different religions, but we are very compact living a very good relationship until my own best friend from another religion is not the same religion as me, but we are very good we are like brothers we accept each other..." S1,56-74+S2,81-97 "....The most important thing is first of all tolerance because it is very important so that there is no conflict, then respect between religious communities and then ee trust we have to build our trust in other people, other individuals, and that is very, very important and must be built...." S1, 77-88+S2, 101-129

Post-conflict group behaviors that are passed down from generation to generation
According to Caplin (2011), behavior is any response that may be a reaction, response, answer or reason performed by the organism.Behavior can also mean a movement or a complex of movements which specifically behavior can also mean an action or activity.Budiarjo, in (Yani, 2013) argues somewhat differently from the above opinion, according to him that behavior is a response or series of responses, carried out by a number of living things.In this case, although behavior includes responses to an organism, including those in the brain, language, thoughts, dreams, hopes, and so on.But it also includes mental to physical activity.From the description above, it can be concluded that behavior is an act or action of a person that can actually be seen or is concrete, and without going through guidance in the soul first.''...tend to be easy to communicate with my social even if there are new people I can eem familiar but if the person is one frequency with me..." S1,91-107+S2,130-140 ''...If the main factor influencing the group is the person in the group itself sometimes if the group we ee tend to see who is in charge of the group...'' S1,110-119+S2,143-182.

Post-conflict social interaction on campus
Ahmadi, 2002 in (Taufiq, 2016), states that social interaction is a relationship between two or more individuals, where the behavior of one individual affects, changes, or improves the behavior of another individual or vice versa.According to H. Bonner in (Gerungan, 2010; Mirnawati, 2020) social interaction is a relationship between two or more human individuals, where the behavior of one individual affects, changes, or improves the behavior of another individual, or vice versa.This formulation accurately describes the reciprocal continuity of social interactions between two or more humans.''...for social relations between counseling students, especially for us in the class of 22, the social relations are very good....'' S1,128-132+S2,212-221 ''...Because social contact is important before we do eee interaction like for example we see their background, their social contact first then we are easy to adapt to interaction..." S1,135-141+S2,224-246.This study aims to determine the problems of social interaction that occurred after the conflict in Maluku within the scope of Guidance and Counseling students.This research provides a real picture of the interaction problems that occurred between Guidance and Counseling students after the conflict that occurred in Maluku in 1999, and the purpose of this research refers to Guidance and Counseling students and can provide each other with valid and detailed information after the conflict that occurred.In this research, the researcher uses descriptive qualitative research methods through interview methods whose subjects are taken from Guidance and Counseling students class of 2021 and 2022 who provide views on social interactions that occur within the scope of the Guidance and Counseling Study Program students after the Maluku conflict.According to Gillin and Gillin in Soekanto (1982) social interaction is a dynamic social relationship that involves relationships between individuals, between human groups and between individuals and human groups.When two people meet, social interaction begins at that moment.They greet each other, shake hands, talk to each other or may even fight.Such activities are forms of social interaction.So social interaction is the ability of an individual in conducting social relations with other individuals or groups characterized by social contact and communication.Social interaction is the key to all social life because without social interaction there can be no common life.The association of life occurs when people or groups of people work together.Talk to each other and so on to achieve common goals (Anagoro and Widiyanti, 1990: 24).Social interaction is a relationship between one individual and another, one individual can influence another individual or vice versa, so there is a reciprocal relationship.
The relationship can be between individuals and individuals, individuals and groups or groups and groups (Walgito, 2003: 57).From the description above, it can be concluded that social interaction is a relationship between two or more human individuals, where the behavior of one individual affects, changes, or improves the behavior of another individual, or vice versa.According to Sarwono, (2010: 185), there are several aspects that underlie social interaction, namely: 1) Communication: Communication is the process of sending news or information from one person to another.In everyday life we see this communication in various forms, for example hanging out with friends, conversations between two people, speeches, news read by broadcasters, storybooks, newspapers, and so on.2) Attitude: Attitude is a term that reflects a person's favorable, unfavorable or neutral feelings towards something.It can be an object, event, situation, person, or group.3) Group Behavior: Presented by Gustave Le Bon, that group behavior is that when two or more people gather in a certain place, they will display completely different behavior than the characteristics of the behavior of each of these individuals.This aspect of group behavior is an indicator of behavior together and gathering with more than one person in a place.4) Social Contact: Occurs when there is a relationship with the other party.In social contact relationships have three forms, namely relationships between individuals, relationships between people and groups, relationships between groups.This relationship can occur when we talk to the other party directly or indirectly.
Based on the results of the above research, it can be concluded that some of the main findings are the determining factors in social interactions that occur within the scope of Guidance and Counseling students after the Maluku conflict, namely BK Student Communication: Students, the first subject said that communication was well established even though it felt a little awkward because of religious differences.The second subject said that communication in the classroom was very good and there was an awareness to live in harmony and peace.The dynamics of attitudes felt after the conflict: Subject N.B.T felt that tolerance was quite good with a sense of appreciation and respect between religious communities in the classroom.Subject V.R.S said that they accept each other's differences, respect each other, and no one judges each other.Post-conflict group behavior: According to Subject N.B.T felt that group behavior is based on who is most inclined in the group, if individuals exert a good influence, it will lead to positive things, and vice versa.Subject V.R.S said that the perspective and behavior of a person usually depends on the leader of their group or who is more dominant.In addition, interactions in class tend to be less good because they will only interact with their respective groups.Post-conflict social interaction: Social interactions experienced by subject N.B.T tend to be good and there are no problems.Subject V.R.S felt that they did not experience directly when the Maluku conflict occurred, so the social interaction in the classroom was very strong and the social relationship was very good.As for the research conducted by Encep Sudirjo and Muhammad Nur Alif in the book Communication and Social Interaction of Children ( 2021), social interaction is a relationship between individuals with one another, where they can influence each other.It can also be interpreted that social interaction is a process that can bring closer or stretch the interaction of fellow humans.According to Bernstein (1965), according to him, conflict is an opposition or difference that cannot be prevented, this conflict has the potential to have a positive and negative influence on human interaction.
Social interaction is the ability of an individual to conduct social relations with other individuals or groups characterized by social contact and communication.Social interaction is the key to all social life because without social interaction there can be no common life.The association of life occurs when people or groups of people work together.Talk to each other and so on to achieve common goals (Anagoro and Widiyanti, 1990: 24).According to Sarwono, (2010: 185), there are several aspects that underlie social interaction, namely communication, attitudes, group behavior, and social contact.Research conducted by Encep Sudirjo and Muhammad Nur Alif in the book Communication and Social Interaction of Children ( 2021), shows that social interaction can bring closer or stretch the interaction of fellow humans because they can influence each other.Based on the results of the above research, it can be concluded that social interactions that occur between Guidance and Counseling students after the Maluku conflict are well established without any disputes, which shows that Guidance and Counseling students uphold inter-religious tolerance and have good social norms.In an effort to understand and recognize aspects that can influence social interaction well, this research has explored several factors including communication, attitudes, group behavior, and social contact.This conclusion provides a deep understanding of the aspects of social interaction for Guidance and Counseling students, so that the social interaction of Guidance and Counseling students can be well established.The results of this study found that some social interactions that occur within the scope of Guidance and Counseling students are quite good, so that communication between students is well established.The attitude of tolerance upheld by Guidance and Counseling students leads to harmony and peace, where Guidance and Counseling students apply mutual respect, accept each other, and do not judge each other.However, the group behavior shown by Guidance and Counseling students is still low because there is no interaction established only with the playmate group, where the influence of the group is very large for individuals.So, this research can help design a more effective approach strategy to help students overcome group behavior problems that occur within the scope of Guidance and Counseling students.

CONCLUSION
This study was able to answer researchers' concerns about the social interaction of counseling students after the Maluku conflict.Through this research, it is answered that (1) communication between counseling students after the Maluku conflict can be well established by paying attention to the limitations of the discussion, not including topics that tend to offend (sensitive), (2) The existence of awareness of differences can foster tolerance between students of different religions as a form of post-Maluku conflict attitude dynamics passed down from generation to generation, (3) The group behavior of counseling students after the Maluku conflict is based on the tendency of the group leader or the dominant individual so that the behavior of accepting or rejecting the views of other groups is determined by the tendency to accept or reject the group leader or the dominant individual, (4) Social interaction of postconflict counseling students either individually or in groups can be established with active communication between students of different religions with tolerance as an attitude to maintain harmony in social relations in life in the world of lectures.The research confirms the need for integration of social aspects in Guidance and Counseling services, recognizing the uniqueness of the experience of each post-conflict student.
Suggestions; First, this research highlights the importance of increasing sensitivity to the context of conflict whose information is passed down from generation to generation so that communication within groups or between groups becomes more acceptable.Second, the interview results may not be able to fully describe the views of counseling students regarding social interactions between counseling students after the Maluku conflict.Thus, the need for a campus tolerance institution that builds a culture of tolerance that still seems "rigid".Third, the fairly open access to information in cyberspace has become an alarm in better digital literacy, especially in attitudes towards serious issues in Indonesia or abroad.So it is necessary to have a curriculum integration method in the BK study program that is designed to form an academic culture that is more open in accepting differences.