Israel Studies

This article focuses on the processes that led to the preservation of urban heritage in Tel-Aviv. Both the preservation of Old Jaffa in the early 1960s and the "White City" in the 1990s demonstrate that small groups of individuals utilizing their personal capital to advance an idea that was not advocated by existing civil groups, succeeded in integrating new ideas into political systems. We label these individuals Ideological Developers (IDs), as opposed to executive developers, and expand on that which characterizes their mode of action.