EPIDEMIOLOGICAL FEATURES OF LEPTOSPIROSIS IN UKRAINE IN THE PRESENT

Hopko N. V.

HYGIENE AND ECOLOGY

Scentific article

Leptospirosis is the most widespread zoonotic diseases in the whole world. In Ukraine leptospirosis is registered practically in all regions. The aim of the work was to determine the epidemiological features of leptospirosis in Ukraine, as well as to substantiate the complex of preventive and anti-epidemic measures. Object and methods. The official statistics on the incidence of leptospirosis in the regions of Ukraine and the antiepidemic measures in 1998-2015 were used in the work, as well as information from the State Institution «Chernivtsi Regional Laboratory Center of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine» on the results of serological and microbiological examinations of patients with leptospirosis of humans and caught rodents. To solve this goal, methods were used: complex epidemiological, serological, statistical. Results. Different regions of Ukraine were expressed of leptospirosis with epizootic and epidemic level. The highest incidence of leptospirosis in the last two decades was in the Transcarpathian, Kyiv, Kirovograd, Mykolaiv, Chernihiv and Chernivtsi regions, with a maximum of 12.77 and 12.65 per 100 thousand population in 1997 in Kirovograd and Transcarpathian oblasts, respectively, the most getting up was on 1998-2001 for of the last 15 years. The level of morbidity is increase at the end of summer and in autumn (at most in September), that probably it is related to the increase of quantity of rodents and «bathing» season. The etiological structure of leptospirosis in the last 10 years was represented by 14 serogroups. In general, during the period 2003-2014, among the etiological agents of leptospirosis, L. serotypes Icterohaemorrhagiae, Habdomadis, Grippotyphosa, Pomona predominated. The share of the cases caused by them somewhat changed during 2003-2014. Thus, in recent years, the proportion of diseases caused by the serogroup L. Pomona has decreased. An increase in the etiological role of L. Canicola is observed – from 7.07% in 2003 to 13.27% in 2013 (in 2014 – 9.53%). At the same time, the basis of the etiological spectrum in Ukraine is still the exciters of the serogroup of the L. Iterohaemorrhagiae, which causes the severity of the course (up to 70% among hospitalized patients) and high lethality from leptospirosis (up to 20%). From 2004, became more frequent the mixed leptospirosis, part of which in separate years arrived at 25-37% among. The agricultural animals (cattle, pigs, horse) and dogs are the independent reservoir of leptospiras. The agricultural animals and possibility of transmission by alimentary way of causative agent were assist maintenance of continuous epizootic process an circulations of causative agent in an interepidemic period during great while without the receipt of leptospiras from a natural reservoir. Conclusions 1. Over the past 15 years, a high incidence of leptospirosis was observed in different regions of Ukraine with the largest rise in 1998-2001. 2. Between 2003 and 2014, among the etiological agents of leptospirosis, the L. serotypes Icterohaemorrhagiae, Habdomadis, Grippotyphosa, Pomona were dominant. According to the results of a laboratory study of samples from environmental objects, including samples of small mammals (2003-2014), the most frequently identified serotypes of L. Iterohemorrhagiae. 3. A sharp increase in the incidence rate was observed at the end of summer and in autumn (maximum in September), which is probably due to the increase in the number of rodents and the «swimming season».

leptospirosis, morbidity, epidemiological features

• Havura V.V. Osoblyvosti epidemichnoho protsesu leptospirozu u Prydniprovsʹkomu rehioni Ukrayiny / V.V. Havura, O.V. Oleksenko // Infektsiyni khvoroby. – 2003. – № 2. – S. 62-65.
• Dykyy B.M. Leptospiroz: aktualʹnistʹ, epidemiolohiya / B.M. Dykyy, O.Ya. Pryshlyak, O.P. Kiriyak, L.I. Murzova, V.F. Pyuryk // Halytsʹkyy likarsʹkyy visnyk. – 2005. – T. 12, № 1. – S. 72-74.
• Epidemiolohichni osoblyvosti leptospirozu v zakhidnomu rehioni Ukrayiny / N.A. Vasylʹyeva, Yu.A. Polishchuk, T.V. Burtnyak [ta in.] // Dosyahnennya i problemy klinichnoyi infektolohiyi: Mat. nauk.-prakt. konf. i plenumu Asotsiatsiyi infektsionistiv Ukrayiny (21- 22.05.08 r.). – Ternopilʹ, 2008. – S. 125-127.
• Epizootolohichni ta epidemiolohichni aspekty leptospirozu v Ukrayini / V.I. Zadorozhna, S.V. Protas, N.V. Hopko [ta in.]. – K., 2014. – 46 s.
• Kravchuk Y.A. Epizootoloho-epidemiolohichni osoblyvosti leptospirozu v Ternopilʹsʹkiy oblasti / Y.A. Kravchuk, N.A. Vasylʹyeva // Annaly Mechnykovsʹkoho instytutu. – 2015. – № 2. – S. 165-171.
• Leptospirozy v Ukrayini u suchasnyy period / O.V. Surmasheva, Ye.P. Bernasovsʹka, M.O. Rosada [ta in.] // Dovkillya ta zdorovʹya. – 2003. – № 3. – S. 61-64.
• Haake D.A. Leptospirosis in humans [Text] / D.A. Haake, P.N. Levett // Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol. – 2015. – Vol. 387. – P. 65-97.
• John T.J. The prevention and control of human leptospirosis / T.J. John // J. Postgrad. Med. – 2005. – Vol. 51, № 3. – P. 205-209.

«Bulletin of problems biology and medicine» Issue 4 Part 3 (141), 2017 year, 84-86 pages, index UDK 619:616.986.7-036.22

10.29254/2077–4214–2017–4–3–141–84-86