THE PRESENT DAY ISSUES ON CONDITIONS RESTRICTING THE METHOD CHOICE FOR MAXILLARY AND MANDIBULAR DENTAL IMPLANTS

Avetikov D. S., Pronina O. M., Lokes K. P., Bukhanchenko O. P.

LITERATURE REVIEWS

Scentific article

The review of modern scientific literature has presented the data related to treatment for patients with dental implants which provides improvement of the patient’s dental status as well as the quality of life. The problem of insufficient volume and low quality of bone tissue in the implant area, which specialists deal with when planning dental implant placement, is currently topical. Partial or complete absence of teeth is usually associated with the signs of maxillary and mandiblar alveolar process atrophy. Atrophy of the alveolar bone, as a rule, is associated with pathological processes developing in the oral cavity or with the loss of teeth; it can also occur as a result of trauma, developmental defects, after surgical interventions and resections aimed at pathological formations elimination. This problem is actual and socially significant, both in plastic and maxillofacial surgery. Some authors have determined that the possibility of dental prosthetic restoration with implants depends on the anatomical and structural features of the dentofacial area of the individual patient. Successful treatment depends on the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the bone tissue. Long-term clinical experience has stated, that the probability of failure in dental implant placement increases with the deterioration of anatomical conditions. The alveolar process condition is important while manufacturing and stabilizing both traditional prostheses and implant-supported structures. Some authors determine that the presence of sufficient volume of bone tissue in the area of probable dental prosthesis is the basic parameter for dental implant placement. The density, compactness of the bone tissue, which provides sufficient support for the implant is important, because it facilitates the adequate contact of the bone cells with its surface, improves the process of osseointegration and load transmission from the implant to the bone. However, spongy bone tissue sometimes presents the problem, because it can not provide support to the same extent. The presence of large spaces in the spongy substance of the bone marrow provides lesser contact of the implant surface area with the bone, thus, the load is distributed in the smaller volume of bone tissue. The new materials for bone tissue regeneration as well as advanced diagnostic technologies, the presence of innovative implant designs and restorative materials are characteristic of the surgical dentistry development at the present stage, which reveal the new aspects and possibilities, the need to systematize numerous scientific data. The absence of teeth affects patient’s appearance, can lead to serious psychoemotional disorders, causes the feelings of hopelessness, uncertainty, reduces general efficiency and quality of life, leads to the development of intercurrent diseases associated with psychosomatic problems. Consequently, the systematization of all available scientific literature data regarding the dental implants issues and development of unified conception for solving this problem are necessary tasks nowadays.

bone volume, dental implant placement

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«Bulletin of problems biology and medicine» Issue 4 Part 3 (141), 2017 year, 20-27 pages, index UDK 616.716.1/4-616.314.21/22]-089.843-039.71:616-07

10.29254/2077–4214–2017–4–3–141–20-27