FACTOR ANALYSIS ON ISSUES OF TEACHING AND LEARNING MATHEMATICS FOR UG LEVEL STUDENTS OF KAMRUP(M) OF ASSAM

Learning and teaching methods for mathematics are dependent on the knowledge level of both teachers and students while the facilities are also effective in developing the scope of high level education system in this subject. The study mainly revolves around the factors posing as issues in learning and teaching of mathematics in the Kamrup (M) areas of Assam. The primary aim of the study is to analyse these factors and eradicate or manage them properly to make the learning and teaching process of mathematics a success. The benefits of studying mathematics at the UG level along with the various scope of studying such a subject is emphasised as it promotes educational excellence while the system is responsible to achieve the goals efficiently. Positivism research philosophy has been opted by the researcher to gather accurate data and interpret them in an appropriate way. In order to gather survey data 13 colleges and approximately 3,000 students of Kamrup (M) were selected. Personal information of the respondents was kept confidential by the researcher. ∗Corresponding author E-mail address: vishnunarayanmishra@gmail.com, vnm@igntu.ac.in †Research Scholar Received September 19, 2021 1 2 G.C. DAS, M. SARMA, M.P. KASHYAP, M.K. SHARMA, V.N. MISHRA


INTRODUCTION
As the world is advancing science and technology are evolving rapidly. Mathematics forms the primary basis of science and technology. Therefore, mathematics holds great importance.
The scope of such a subject is huge and every year an increasing number of students are opting for such a subject at the UG level to build a great career out of it. The study of mathematics is not easy but requires high IQ and diligence. The role of teachers in such a subject is vital to make the whole process of teaching and learning mathematics an efficient one. The given study revolves around the issue factors that impact the teaching and learning procedure of mathematics in Assam's Kamrup (M) area.
There are several factors which act as issues which hinder the process of mathematics. Firstly, the perception and attitude of UG students towards mathematics faculty, mathematical struggles, mathematical-problem solving, and so on form primary factors which impact the procedure.
Further, the relationship between the teacher and students and the efficiency of the teacher also vastly impacts the mathematical teaching-learning procedure (Siaganet al. 2019). The teacher should be able to communicate well to teach the difficult concepts easily and effectively to the students. Further, a good teacher will be able to grow students' interest in the subjects and similarly, inefficient teachers will result in detached and uninterested students. Further, the intellect level of the students impacts the learning process. Many students find that the mathematics at the UG level to be tougher than expected and their attitude towards the mathematics struggles, subject, learning, and problem-solving changes which negatively impact the process (Das, 2019). There are basically four main factors which result in a strained relationship between the learning and teaching of mathematics of UG students of Assam's Kamrup (M) area. These are teaching methods, basic concept clearance, attention disorder (ADHD), and lack of touch and practice.
1.1. Aim and objectives. The primary aim of the study is to determine the factors which form the base of issues which challenge the smooth learning and teaching process of mathematics in FACTOR ANALYSIS OF ISSUES OF TEACHING AND LEARNING MATHEMATICS 3 the Kamrup (M) district of Assam. The study is conducted not only to just closely state the issues but manage the issue factors productively to remove such obstacles in the learning and teaching process of mathematics to make it more efficient. The objective of the study are (1) To analyse the impact of Student's perceptions regarding mathematics faculty on the learning and teaching of mathematics at the UG level.
(2) To evaluate the influence of Student's attitudes towards mathematic problem-solving and their struggle regarding mathematics on teaching and learning of mathematics at the UG level (3) To demonstrate the influence of behavioural alterations in students at UG level mathematics learning on mathematic teaching in Kamrup.

Hypothesis.
(1) 1H0: Students' perceptions regarding mathematics faculty have no impact on the learning and teaching of mathematics at the UG level.
(2) 1H1: Students' perceptions regarding mathematics faculty make an impact on the learning and teaching at the UG level.
(3) 2H0: Students' attitudes towards problem-solving of mathematics and their struggle regarding mathematics have no relation to the teaching and learning of mathematics at the UG level.
(4) 2H1: Students' attitudes towards mathematics problem solving and their struggles towards mathematics influence the learning and teaching of UG level mathematics.    pursuing mathematics will tend to develop an improved problem-solving system and will learn ways applied mathematics resolves issues of the real world.

2.3.
A smooth way to learning mathematics at the UG level. Mathematics is essential to understand the world and effectively build mental disciplines for the future. It also helps the students in solving the logical reasoning, creative thinking, and critical thinking of developing the mathematical ability of the person. According to Crisanet al. (2018), mathematics helps to prevent chaos and it helps a person in different types of activities in their life. The undergraduate students need to focus on the development of their learning by practicing more mathematics and developing the reasoning for their own study in the future. The students need to learn mathematics in a smooth way to build good problem-solving skills for their further future. Mathematics helps to improve the critical thinking and logical thinking skills among the students and make them grow more logical ideas to solve any kind of situation. Math is very crucial for a person's daily life as it helps them to understand different mathematical concepts and also encounter significant problems in life also. Problem-solving skill is very essential FACTOR ANALYSIS OF ISSUES OF TEACHING AND LEARNING MATHEMATICS 5 to manage all aspects of life and also give a proper understanding of the problem (Sarala and Kavitha, 2017). It helps the students to focus on the quantity, measurement, interrelation, and combination for developing the growth of the business. The smooth concept and pattern of mathematics help the students to learn mathematics more actively and improve their knowledge of different mathematical concepts.

Literature gap.
In this study, the analyst discusses the importance of learning mathematics and different levels of developing the skill for learning mathematics. Here it analyses the necessity for learning problem-solving skills and the way it improves the daily life of people.
The study can discuss different issues which are affecting the learning techniques and the way students can overcome them. Besides that, it has analysed one theory to improve the reason and logical skills by improving mathematics. It can focus on different other theories which the educator needs to develop for teaching the students of the undergraduate level (Anwar and Rahmawati, 2017). However, it helps them to solve any problem more actively and help to do the work more efficiently while doing their study. Besides that, the experimenter can collect more knowledge from relevant resources to analyse the issues of learning and teaching mathematics at the undergraduate level. Further, the researcher can involve more authentic information to improve the research and make all the educators understand to reduce the learning issue of the students in solving any mathematical reasoning or logic.

Research methods.
2.5.1. Data collection, analysis and sampling. Primary data has been collected from 80 students and teachers of 13 different colleges of Kamrup (M), Assam by conducting surveys. As stated by Franzittaet al. (2020), primary data collection enables a researcher to gather valid and authentic data. The survey has been conducted by the researcher to accurately represent the large population. It is also a cost-effective and convenient data collecting process. Quantitative data analysis technique has been opted for this research to accurately reach a huge sample size.
Thus, it has also helped in the process of statistical data analysis. The random sampling technique has been followed in this research to reduce the risk of errors. On the other hand, random sampling techniques helped the researcher to easily complete the research. Most of the respondents belonged to the age group of 20 to 22. 14.8% respondents belong to the age group above 22 and 42% belong to the age group of 18 to 20. Most of the participants of this research are female. 39.2% respondents were male while 53.2% respondents were female.
Most of the respondents were unmarried. 60.8% respondents were unmarried while 31.6% employees were married.

FIGURE 2. Inappropriate teaching method and behavioural alteration
Most of the respondents agreed that difficulty in learning mathematics in UG level students of Kamrup (M) of Assam is associated with appropriate teaching methods. 34.6% respondents agreed on the impact of appropriate teaching methods while there were 8.6% who strongly disagreed. 14.8% respondent remained neutral in this question. Most of the respondent thinks that behavioural alterations in UG students are related to the teaching methods used for mathematics. 40 1.3% respondents accepted the interrelationship between behaviour alteration and teaching FACTOR ANALYSIS OF ISSUES OF TEACHING AND LEARNING MATHEMATICS 7 method while 10% disagreed 27.5% strongly agreed and 15% remain neutral. The teachers must have appropriate knowledge to appropriately represent the mathematical concepts. Using teaching aids for showing mathematical ideas are necessary to make the learners able to learn quickly.
Most of the respondents thought that attitudes in UG level students towards mathematics faculty impact directly on their learning style. 27.5% strongly agreed about the impact of UG level students' attitude towards mathematics faculty. There were 17.5% respondents who disagreed and 13.8% remained neutral. 38.8% responded that the attitude of the students towards mathematics faculty has a significant impact on their learning style. Most of the respondents agreed that lack of touch and practice has reduced the ability of the UG level students of Kamrup (M) to learn mathematics efficiently. 43.7 percent respondent stated that the ability of the students to learn mathematics has been reduced due to lack of touch and practice while 8.8 % respondent disagreed with this. 26.3 percent of respondents agreed the statement and 17.5% remain neutral.
Most of the respondents agreed that teaching mathematics is affected by the negative attitude of FIGURE 3. Negative attitude of students and learner-teacher relationship UG level students. 33.3% respondents agreed that the teaching process can be affected by the negative attitude of the students while 11.1% strongly disagreed with this and 32.1% strongly agreed with this. 12.3% responded strongly disagreed this statement and 11.1% remained neutral. Most of the respondents agreed that the teaching learning process regarding mathematics is completely dependent on the learner teacher relationships. 39% respondent stated that there is a significant relationship between teaching learning process and learner teacher relationship A large number of respondents think that providing an appropriate structure to learn mathematics with and it can solve the teaching and learning issues. 37.2 percent agreed the importance of providing and appropriate structure to the learner is important to solve their learning issues while 5.2% disagree with this statement.A large group of respondents believe that building an effective collaborative relationship is important to improve the learning and teaching process. 31.2% respondent agreed that creating a collaborative relation is important to enhance the learning as well as teaching process. On the other hand, 13% of respondents disagree with this statement and 18.2% remain neutral. 9.1% of respondents strongly disagreed with this statement. A large group of respondents think that negative perception of failure in the student to achieve greater results in mathematics learning. 34.6% respondent agreed that the reason behind the inefficiency in learning mathematics is the negative perceptions regarding failure.    The highest cumulative % is shown in the case of component 1 that is 44.312%. Total variance percentage accounted for by every factor is represented by the column % of variance.In this case the total variance is 6 as the total number of components is 6. It has also been analysed that the first five factors collectively accounted for 95.447% aggregate variance.

Total Variance Explained
Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis.
The total number of components is ten and it analyses the percent of Initial Eigenvalues and  components are retained. Initial eigenvalues are the factor variances as the conduction of factor analysis is done in the correlation matrix. However, by the standardized variables it has been cleared the variance value of each variable is 1. In this case the total variance is 10 as the total number of components is 10. It has also been analysed that the first five factors collectively accounted for 82.653% aggregate variance.  Determination of the representations of the components are done by this rotated component matrix. It has been seen that the variable attitude of students is highly correlated with the component 3. However, it has also been seen that the correlation value of this variable is lower with the other components. The first component is then highly correlated with the valuable collaborative relationship. The third component is then highly correlated with the variable negative perception failure. Thus, from this test it has been cleared that this research must focus on students' attitude, collaborative relationship, and negative perception failure.

IMPLICATIONS AND CONCLUSION
7.1. Conclusion. Depending on the above discussion it can be concluded that the mathematical skills of the UG level students are necessary to gain the desired position in today's competitive market. The rate of innovation related to computer technology is rapidly increasing. Thus, the demand for mathematical skills of the employees is in high demand. In this research, the benefits of mathematical skills and their importance in the recent world have been discussed.
In order to enhance the mathematical skills of the UG level students, an appropriate teaching structure must be developed by the teaching faculty. The methods to conduct this research have been illustrated accurately in this study. This study has shed light on the statistical analysis of the survey results.
7.2. Objective Linking. The major objective of this research was to analyse the impact of different factor such as teaching methods, basic concept clearance regarding mathematics, attention disorder, ability to represent concepts with existing knowledge on subject and method and lack of touch and practice. It has been seen in the results that the teachers and students of different colleges of Kamrup (M), Assam believe that all of these factors have a significant impact on the teaching and learning process of mathematics. It has also been analysed that the inappropriate teaching method is also responsible for the increasing rate of mathematics learning difficulties. On the other hand, the learning style of the UG level students of Kamrup (M) can be improved with an efficient mathematics faculty. Moreover, the issue related to the smooth learning and teaching process of mathematics in the Kamrup (M) district of Assam has also been identified in this study. Lack of touch and practice is a major barrier to the smooth learning and teaching process. The teaching method has also got affected by the negative attitude of the students. Thus, there was no opportunity to gain in-depth knowledge about the variables. Moreover, at the time of formulating the objectives of this study, the focus could be increased on the variables. Due to a lack of experience, the researcher cannot improve the quality of the data collection process. This study could focus on the different strategies to improve the teaching and learning process. On the other hand, some of the journal articles that have been collected for the LR section were inappropriate, irrelevant, and printed in different languages.